1
|
Márquez-Pérez K, Zúñiga-López CM, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L. [Reported prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and teenagers]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:653-660. [PMID: 37769137 PMCID: PMC10599778 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8316465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth's hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The objective of this exploratory systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and adolescents, as well as related factors such as sex, nutritional status, type of dentition, education, living conditions, socioeconomic level, and the type of demographic area. The eligibility criteria to be considered were observational studies whose sample included Mexicans 0-15 years of age in which the prevalence or an index of dental caries had been evaluated. Eligible studies were identified through the search carried out in 6 databases and manual search, without publication time restriction. Fifty-four studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. In these included studies it was observed that, in the last decades, the prevalence of caries in Mexican children and adolescents exhibits a tendency to decrease this disease. In the 1980s, caries prevalences of up to 92.8% were reported; between 1990-1999, the highest reported prevalence was 97%; from 2000-2009, the highest reported prevalence was 95%; from 2010 to 2019 the highest prevalence was 94.6%; and from 2020 and 2021, prevalences of up to 88.5% were reported. Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of caries in Mexican children, this disease continues to be linked to biological, behavioral and socioeconomic determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Márquez-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Facultad de Odontología, Especialidad en Ortodoncia. Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de OaxacaMéxico
| | - Cecilia Mónica Zúñiga-López
- Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Facultad de Odontología, Especialidad en Ortodoncia. Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de OaxacaMéxico
| | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad. Oaxaca, Oaxaca, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de OaxacaMéxico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Cátedras Conacyt. Metepec, Estado de México, MéxicoTecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de TolucaMéxico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Novel and Efficient Metal Oxide Fluoride Absorbent for Drinking Water Safety and Sustainable Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient and non-environmentally friendly absorbent production can lead to much resource waste and go against low carbon and sustainable development. A novel and efficient Mg-Fe-Ce (MFC) complex metal oxide absorbent of fluoride ion (F−) removal was proposed for safe, environmentally friendly, and sustainable drinking water management. A series of optimization and preparation processes for the adsorbent and batch experiments (e.g., effects of solution pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, effects of coexisting anions, as well as surface properties tests) were carried out to analyze the characteristics of the adsorbent. The results indicated that optimum removal of F− occurred in a pH range of 4–5.5, and higher adsorption performances also happened under neutral pH conditions. The kinetic data under 10 and 50 mg·g−1 were found to be suitable for the pseudo-second-order adsorption rate model, and the two-site Langmuir model was ideal for adsorption isotherm data as compared to the one-site Langmuir model. According to the two-site Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity calculated at pH 7.0 ± 0.2 was 204 mg·g−1. The adsorption of F− was not affected by the presence of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and chloride (Cl−), which was suitable for practical applications in drinking water with high F− concentration. The MFC adsorbent has an amorphous structure, and there was an exchange reaction between OH− and F−. The novel MFC adsorbent was proven to have higher efficiency, better economy, and environmental sustainability, and be more environmentally friendly.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lavalle-Carrasco J, Molina-Frechero N, Nevárez-Rascón M, Sánchez-Pérez L, Hamdan-Partida A, González-González R, Cassi D, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Bologna-Molina R. Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010317. [PMID: 33406716 PMCID: PMC7795285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in the measurement of the fluorine (F-) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F-. Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F- amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure, and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F- in nails and hair, as well as the exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco
- Dental Sciences, Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (L.S.-P.); (A.H.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Nevárez-Rascón
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31000, Mexico;
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (L.S.-P.); (A.H.-P.)
| | - Aida Hamdan-Partida
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (L.S.-P.); (A.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio González-González
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Diana Cassi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara (UdG), Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47650, Mexico;
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (R.B.-M.)
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tarali SV, Hoolikantimath NP, Kulkarni N, Ghorpade PA. A novel cement-based technology for the treatment of fluoride ions. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
5
|
Abstract
Fluorides represent a significant problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In fact, this ion is essential for human health but, if taken in excess, it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. In LMICs, the pollution of groundwater from fluorides is of natural origin. Therefore, if providing alternative sources for drinking water (DW) supply is not possible, the use of specific processes for the removal of fluorides becomes essential. The adsorption on alternative materials, such as agro-food residues, can be a valid treatment for the removal of fluorides in the LMIC considering: (i) their optimal removal yields, (ii) the high availability, and (iii) the low cost. In recent years, the interest on the use of palm residues (PRs) becomes significant. Optimal pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and possible combination with metals to increase adsorption performances were deeply investigated. The activated PRs also present two other advantages: (i) very high surface area, and (ii) very low reduction in uptake capacity when regenerated. However, all tests were conducted with synthetic waters in laboratory-scale reactors while application on real-scale are absent. This makes other studies on this type of alternative adsorbent material still necessary.
Collapse
|
6
|
Egor M, Birungi G. Fluoride contamination and its optimum upper limit in groundwater from Sukulu Hills, Tororo District, Uganda. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
7
|
Jiménez-Córdova MI, Sánchez-Peña LC, Barrera-Hernández Á, González-Horta C, Barbier OC, Del Razo LM. Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:621-628. [PMID: 31158625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two common groundwater toxicants. The toxicity of As is closely related to As metabolism, and several biological and environmental factors have been associated with As modification. However, limited information about the effect of F exposure on the modification of the As metabolism profile has been described. The aim of this study was to assess the interaction effect of AsF coexposure on the As metabolism profile in an adult population environmentally exposed to low-moderate As levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 236 adults from three Mexican communities. F and As concentrations were quantified in water samples. The concentrations of urinary F and As species [inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylated arsenic (MAs) and dimethylated arsenic (DMAs)] were also determined and used as exposure biomarkers. As species percentages and methylation indices were estimated to evaluate the As methylation profile. Our results showed a relationship between the water and urine concentrations of both contaminants and, a significant correlation between the As and F concentrations in water and urine samples. A statistically significant interaction of F and As exposure on the increase in MAs% (β = 0.16, p = 0.018) and the decrease in DMAs% (β = -0.3, p = 0.034), PMI (β = -0.07, p = 0.052) and SMI (β = -0.13, p = 0.097) was observed. These findings indicate that drinking water is the main source of AsF coexposure and suggest that F exposure decreases As methylation capacity. However, additional large and prospective studies are required to confirm our findings, and to elucidate the involved mechanisms of interaction and their implications in adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica I Jiménez-Córdova
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz C Sánchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Barrera-Hernández
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Olivier C Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cantoral A, Luna-Villa LC, Mantilla-Rodriguez AA, Mercado A, Lippert F, Liu Y, Peterson KE, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. Fluoride Content in Foods and Beverages From Mexico City Markets and Supermarkets. Food Nutr Bull 2019; 40:514-531. [PMID: 31342782 DOI: 10.1177/0379572119858486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sources of fluoride exposure for Mexicans include foods, beverages, fluoridated salt, and naturally fluoridated water. There are no available data describing fluoride content of foods and beverages consumed in Mexico. OBJECTIVE To measure the content of fluoride in foods and beverages typically consumed and to compare their content to that of those from the United States and the United Kingdom. METHODS Foods and beverages reported as part of the Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 182) were purchased in the largest supermarket chains and local markets in Mexico City. Samples were analyzed for fluoride, at least in duplicate, using a modification of the hexamethyldisiloxane microdiffusion method. Value contents were compared to those from the US Department of Agriculture and UK fluoride content tables. RESULTS The food groups with the lowest and highest fluoride content were eggs (2.32 µg/100 g) and seafood (371 µg/100 g), respectively. When estimating the amount of fluoride per portion size, the lowest content corresponded to eggs and the highest to fast foods. Meats and sausages, cereals, fast food, sweets and cakes, fruits, dairy products, legumes, and seafood from Mexico presented higher fluoride contents than similar foods from the United States or the United Kingdom. Drinks and eggs from the United States exhibited the highest contents, while this was the case for pasta, soups, and vegetables from the United Kingdom. CONCLUSION The majority of items analyzed contained higher fluoride contents than their US and UK counterparts. Data generated provide the first and largest table on fluoride content, which will be useful for future comparisons and estimations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cantoral
- CONACYT, Mexico city, Mexico.,Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Andres A Mantilla-Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cardiology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Esperanza A Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cardiology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiménez-Córdova MI, González-Horta C, Ayllón-Vergara JC, Arreola-Mendoza L, Aguilar-Madrid G, Villareal-Vega EE, Barrera-Hernández Á, Barbier OC, Del Razo LM. Evaluation of vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in Mexican children exposed to inorganic fluoride. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:220-228. [PMID: 30471530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic fluoride (F) has been implicated in cardiovascular and kidney dysfunction mainly in adult populations. However, limited epidemiological information from susceptible populations, such as children, is available. In this study we evaluated the relationship of F exposure with some vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 374 Mexican schoolchildren. Dental fluorosis and F concentrations in the water and urine were evaluated. The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urinary concentrations of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and cystatin-C (uCys-C) were examined to assess kidney injury. The carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and serum concentrations of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelin 1(ET-1) and cystatin-C (sCys-C) were measured to assess vascular alterations. High proportions of children exposed to F were observed (79.7% above 1.2 ppm F in urine) even in the low water F exposure regions, which suggested additional sources of F exposure. In robust multiple linear regression models, urinary F was positively associated with eGFR (β = 1.3, p = 0.015), uCys-C (β = -8.5, p = 0.043), VCAM-1 (β = 111.1, p = 0.019), ICAM-1 (β = 57, p = 0.032) and cIMT (β = 0.01, p = 0.032). An inverse association was observed with uCys-C (β = -8.5, p = 0.043) and sCys-C (β = -9.6, p = 0.021), and no significant associations with ET-1 (β = 0.069, p = 0.074) and KIM-1 (β = 29.1, p = 0.212) were found. Our findings revealed inconclusive results regarding F exposure and kidney injury. However, these results suggest that F exposure is related to early vascular alterations, which may increase the susceptibility of cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica I Jiménez-Córdova
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Laura Arreola-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid
- Dirección de Investigación y de Posgrado, Claustro Universitario de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel Barrera-Hernández
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Limón-Pacheco JH, Jiménez-Córdova MI, Cárdenas-González M, Sánchez Retana IM, Gonsebatt ME, Del Razo LM. Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:257-273. [PMID: 30873793 PMCID: PMC6748235 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico is included in the list of countries with concurrent arsenic and fluoride contamination in drinking water. Most of the studies have been carried out in the adult population and very few in the child population. Urinary arsenic and urinary fluoride levels have been accepted as good biomarkers of exposure dose. The Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) values are useful tools for health assessment using human biomonitoring data in relation to the exposure guidance values, but BE information for children is limited. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the reported levels of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water, urinary quantification of speciated arsenic (inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites), and urinary fluoride levels in child populations. For BE values, urinary arsenic and fluoride concentrations reported in Mexican child populations were revised discussing the influence of factors such as diet, use of dental products, sex, and metabolism. RESULTS Approximately 0.5 and 6 million Mexican children up to 14 years of age drink water with arsenic levels over 10 μg/L and fluoride over 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, 40% of localities with arsenic levels higher than 10 μg/L also present concurrent fluoride exposure higher than 1.5 mgF/L. BE values based in urinary arsenic of 15 μg/L and urinary fluoride of 1.2 mg/L for the environmentally exposed child population are suggested. CONCLUSIONS An actual risk map of Mexican children exposed to high levels of arsenic, fluoride, and both arsenic and fluoride in drinking water was generated. Mexican normativity for maximum contaminant level for arsenic and fluoride in drinking water should be adjusted and enforced to preserve health. BE should be used in child populations to investigate exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Limón-Pacheco
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MX
| | | | | | - Ilse M Sánchez Retana
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MX
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MX
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, MX
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dental caries and dental fluorosis according to water fluoridation among 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren: a nation-wide study comparing different municipalities. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
12
|
Rustagi N, Rathore AS, Meena JK, Chugh A, Pal R. Neglected health literacy undermining fluorosis control efforts: A pilot study among schoolchildren in an endemic village of rural Rajasthan, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 6:533-537. [PMID: 29417003 PMCID: PMC5787950 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.222017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ingestion of excess fluoride can cause fluorosis which adversely affects teeth and bones. Fluorosis is a major public health problem in the state of Rajasthan with all its 32 districts having variable fluoride contamination, and many initiatives are currently implemented in this region to mitigate the fluorosis burden. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess fluorosis, its risk factors, and the awareness among school students and teachers in endemic villages of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 300 students of age 12–15 years were enrolled for cross-sectional study in selected villages. Data were collected regarding awareness, behavioral and preventive practices about fluorosis and clinical assessment and fluoride estimation in water and urine samples was done. Results: Dental fluorosis through Dean's index was observed in 24.5% of students. The awareness and practices for fluorosis prevention and its risk factors were poor among both students and teachers. Intake of piped water supply was reported by majority of students (95.8%). High fluoride concentration was found in 35 (81.3%) out of 43 urine samples. Conclusion: Improvement in drinking water supply in the endemic village of Rajasthan has decreased the burden of fluorosis, but low level of awareness and prevailing dietary and behavioral practices still pose them at risk of high fluoride intake. This signifies the need to address nonconventional sources of fluoride intake (diet and toothpaste) and early screening of disease by involving teachers and family physicians in fluoride mitigation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Rustagi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Jitendra Kumar Meena
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankita Chugh
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranabir Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aguilar-Díaz FDC, Morales-Corona F, Cintra-Viveiro AC, De la Fuente-Hernández J. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 59:306-313. [DOI: 10.21149/7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Huang H, Gong B, Duan L, Sun L, He T, Cheng X, Li Z, Cui L, Ba Y. Do Environmental Fluoride Exposure and ESRα Genetic Variation Modulate Methylation Modification on Bone Changes in Chinese Farmers? Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1302-1308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Gong
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leizhen Duan
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Sun
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongkun He
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abouleish MYZ. Evaluation of fluoride levels in bottled water and their contribution to health and teeth problems in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Dent J 2016; 28:194-202. [PMID: 27872551 PMCID: PMC5110464 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is needed for better health, yet if ingested at higher levels it may lead to health problems. Fluoride can be obtained from different sources, with drinking water being a major contributor. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), bottled water is the major source for drinking. The aim of this research is to measure fluoride levels in different bottled water brands sold in UAE, to determine whether fluoride contributes to better health or health problems. The results were compared to international and local standards. Fluoride was present in seven out of 23 brands. One brand exhibited high fluoride levels, which exceeded all standards, suggesting it may pose health problems. Other brands were either below or above standards, suggesting either contribution to better health or health problems, depending on ingested amount. A risk assessment suggested a potential for non-cancer effects from some brands. The results were compared to fluoride levels in bottled water sold in UAE and neighboring countries (e.g. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain), over 24 years, to reflect on changes in fluoride levels in bottled water in this region. The research presents the need for creating, stricter regulations that require careful fluoride monitoring and new regulations that require listing fluoride level on the bottled water label, internationally and regionally. The research will have local and global health impact, as bottled water sold in UAE and neighboring countries, is produced locally and imported from international countries, e.g. Switzerland, the USA, France, Italy, New Zealand, and Fiji.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yehia Z Abouleish
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thomas DB, Basu N, Martinez-Mier EA, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Parajuli RP, Peterson K, Mercado-Garcia A, Bashash M, Hernández-Avila M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Urinary and plasma fluoride levels in pregnant women from Mexico City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:489-495. [PMID: 27423051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. OBJECTIVE To measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. METHODS Fluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. RESULTS All samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deena B Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Karen Peterson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Morteza Bashash
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Avila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pontigo-Loyola AP, Medina-Solís CE, Lara-Carrillo E, Patiño-Marín N, Escoffié-Ramirez M, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, De La Rosa-Santillana R, Maupomé G. Impact of socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and water variables on dental fluorosis in adolescents growing up during the implementation of a fluoridated domestic salt program. Odontology 2012; 102:105-15. [PMID: 23224521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-012-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the impact of socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and other risk indicators on dental fluorosis (DF) among Mexican adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,538 adolescents 12 and 15 years of age in semi-rural communities located at high altitude (>2,000 m) and with high concentration of fluoride in water (1.38-3.07 ppm) in Hidalgo, Mexico. DF was determined by means of Dean's Index and all teeth were examined. Remaining variables were collected using a questionnaire. The adjusted final model was performed using ordered logistic regression. After adjusting for sex, the variables associated with DF were (p < 0.05): being 12 years old (OR = 1.10) versus 15 years old; having lived the first 6 years of life in El Llano (3.07 F ppm) (OR = 3.19) or San Marcos (1.38 F ppm) (OR = 1.63) versus Tula (1.42 F ppm); having public (OR = 1.35) or private health insurance (OR = 1.36) versus those without insurance; belonging to the lower quartiles of socioeconomic position (SEP) [1st quartile (OR = 2.48), 2nd quartile (OR = 1.81), 3rd quartile (OR = 1.49)] versus the highest quartile; having drunk tap water (OR = 1.83) or from a well or spring (OR = 2.30) versus those who drank water purchased in large containers or bottles. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were associated with DF. While better SEP appeared to play an important role in DF, a pattern of water intake associated with water purchased in large containers or bottles (which have different connotations to the use of bottled water in industrialized Western countries) did reduce DF risk in these high fluoride content, high altitude communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- América P Pontigo-Loyola
- Área Académica de Odontología del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kotecha P, Patel S, Bhalani K, Shah D, Shah V, Mehta K. Prevalence of dental fluorosis & dental caries in association with high levels of drinking water fluoride content in a district of Gujarat, India. Indian J Med Res 2012; 135:873-7. [PMID: 22825606 PMCID: PMC3410214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Endemic fluorosis resulting from high fluoride concentration in groundwater is a major public health problem in India. This study was carried out to measure and compare the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in the population residing in high and normal level of fluoride in their drinking water in Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Vadodara district, six of the 261 villages with high fluoride level and five of 1490 with normal fluoride level in drinking water were selected. The data collection was made by house-to-house visits twice during the study period. RESULTS The dental fluorosis prevalence in high fluoride area was 59.31 per cent while in normal fluoride area it was 39.21 per cent. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride area was 39.53 per cent and in normal fluoride area was 48.21 per cent with CI 6.16 to 11.18. Dental fluorosis prevalence was more among males as compared to females. Highest prevalence of dental fluorosis was seen in 12-24 yr age group. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The risk of dental fluorosis was higher in the areas showing more fluoride content in drinking water and to a lesser degree of dental caries in the same area. High fluoride content is a risk factor for dental fluorosis and problem of dental fluorosis increased with passage of time suggesting that the fluoride content in the water has perhaps increased over time. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.V. Kotecha
- Academy for Educational Development, New Delhi, India
| | - S.V. Patel
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India,Reprint requests: Dr Patel Sangita V., 5, Gokul Society, Sindhwai Mata Road, Pratapnagar, Vadodara 390 004, India e-mail:
| | - K.D. Bhalani
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - V.S. Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology & Forensic Ododntology, K.M. Shah Dental College & Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Waghodia, India
| | - K.G. Mehta
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|