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Sharareh P, Leili T, Abbas M, Jalal P, Ali G. Determining correlates of the average number of cigarette smoking among college students using count regression models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8874. [PMID: 32483160 PMCID: PMC7264191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
College students, as a large part of young adults, are a vulnerable group to several risky behaviors including smoking and drug abuse. This study aimed to utilize and to compare count regression models to identify correlates of cigarette smoking among college students. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The Poisson, negative binomial, generalized Poisson, exponentiated-exponential geometric regression models and their zero-inflated counterparts were fitted and compared using the Vuong test (α = 0.05). A number of 1258 students participated in this study. The majority of students were female (60.8%) and their average age was 23 years. Most of the students were non-smokers (84.6%). Negative binomial regression was selected as the most appropriate model for analyzing the data (comparable fit and simpler interpretation). The significant correlates of the number of cigarettes smoked per day included gender (male: incident-rate-ratio (IRR = 9.21), birth order (Forth: IRR = 1.99), experiencing a break-up (IRR = 2.11), extramarital sex (heterosexual (IRR = 2.59), homosexual (IRR = 3.13) vs. none), and drug abuse (IRR = 5.99). Our findings revealed that several high-risk behaviors were associated with the intensity of smoking, suggesting that these behaviors should be considered in smoking cessation intervention programs for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parami Sharareh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tapak Leili
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Moghimbeigi Abbas
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Poorolajal Jalal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghaleiha Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Rodríguez-Muñoz PM, Carmona-Torres JM, Rodríguez-Borrego MA. Influence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, eating habits and physical activity in nursing students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3230. [PMID: 32022150 PMCID: PMC7000186 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3198.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to determine the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, eating habits, and physical
activity among nursing students and to detect whether being a nursing
student is a protective factor against these habits. Method: a questionnaire was used to collect information on age, academic year, sex,
alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, and healthy eating. An
information sheet and informed consent form were given. The sample was
composed of 264 students aged between 18-30 years from four academic years.
Results: of the total sample, 15.5% smoked, 83.7% consumed alcoholic beverages and
97.2% consumed over the weekend. The total of 68.6% did not practice
exercises and 70.5% needed changes in their diet. Conclusion: nursing students have high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of
smoking compared with other studies. The higher the academic year, the lower
the age of onset of tobacco consumption. The number of men who exercised was
higher, which is considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco
consumption and is related to a healthy diet. Smoking has a negative
influence on diet. The students needed to change their diet. Finally, being
a nursing student is not considered a protective factor against alcohol and
tobacco consumption, nor having good eating habits and exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Pilipović-Spasojević O, Ponorac N, Spremo M, Radojčić T. Anthropometric characteristics and health self-assessment of female university students. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed51-23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Demir M, Karadeniz G, Demir F, Karadeniz C, Kaya H, Yenibertiz D, Taylan M, Yilmaz S, Sen V. The impact of anti-smoking laws on high school students in Ankara, Turkey. J Bras Pneumol 2016; 41:523-9. [PMID: 26785961 PMCID: PMC4723004 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562015000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the factors affecting the smoking habits of high school students, their thoughts about changes resulting from anti-smoking laws, and how they are affected by those laws. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 11th-grade students at eight high schools in Ankara, Turkey, were invited to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 1,199 students completed the questionnaire satisfactorily. The mean age of the respondents was 17.0 0.6 years; 56.1% were female, of whom 15.3% were smokers; and 43.9% were male, of whom 43.7% were smokers (p < 0.001). The independent risk factors for smoking were male gender, attending a vocational school, having a sibling who smokes, having a friend who smokes, and poor academic performance. Of the respondents, 74.7% were aware of the content of anti-smoking laws; 81.8% approved of the restrictions and fines; and 8.1% had quit smoking because of those laws. According to the respondents, the interventions that were most effective were the (television) broadcast of films about the hazards of smoking and the ban on cigarette sales to minors. The prevalence of smoking was highest (31.5%) among students attending vocational high schools but lowest (7.5%) among those attending medical vocational high schools. Although 57.1% of the smokers were aware of the existence of a smoking cessation helpline, only 3.7% had called, none of whom had made any attempt to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS Although most of the students evaluated were aware of the harmful effects of smoking and approved of the anti-smoking laws, only a minority of those who smoked sought professional help to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulistan Karadeniz
- Department of Pulmonology, Sifa University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fikri Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Cem Karadeniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Derya Yenibertiz
- Department of Pulmonology, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Velat Sen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Tirabassi G, Corona G, Falzetti S, delli Muti N, Maggi M, Balercia G. Influence of Androgen Receptor Gene CAG and GGC Polymorphisms on Male Sexual Function: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:5083569. [PMID: 28243253 PMCID: PMC5274699 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5083569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. No study has assessed the possible involvement of GGC androgen receptor (AR) polymorphism in sexual function. Our aim is to evaluate the association between CAG and GGC AR polymorphisms in this function. Methods. We retrospectively examined eighty-five outpatients. Clinical, biochemical, and genetic parameters were considered. Sexual assessment was performed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) which evaluates erectile function (EF), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), and overall satisfaction (OS). Results. In the whole sample, CAG repeats were inversely correlated with EF, OF, and total IIEF-15 score, whereas GGC tracts did not show any significant correlation with sexual function. CAG relationship with IIEF items retained significance only in the eugonadal but not in the hypogonadal cohort. On the other hand, GGC tracts were not found to be significantly correlated with IIEF variables in either eugonadal or hypogonadal subjects. In eugonadal subjects, logistic regression pointed out that a higher number of CAG triplets were associated with lower values of EF, OF, SD, OS, and total IIEF independently from other confounders. Conclusions. GGC polymorphism seems not to exert any influence on sexual function, whereas CAG polymorphism appears to affect sexual parameters only in eugonadal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda-Usl Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Falzetti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola delli Muti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- *Giancarlo Balercia:
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Abu Shomar RT, Lubbad IK, El Ansari W, Al-Khatib IA, Alharazin HJ. Smoking, awareness of smoking-associated health risks, and knowledge of national tobacco legislation in Gaza, Palestine. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22:80-9. [PMID: 25230536 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awareness of existing national anti-smoking laws. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire was employed across 7 universities (1,104 students, equal proportions of males and females) located in Gaza Strip, Palestine. RESULTS About 55% of participants reported ever smoking, 31% were current cigarette smokers, and 36% were 'strictly' (only) narghile (water pipe) smokers. Mean age of smoking initiation was 17 +/- 3.15 years. Smokers had less knowledge of smoking associated health risks than nonsmokers. Students' knowledge of existing anti-smoking laws was generally low (11.3-25.5%), and significantly more smokers had knowledge about existing laws (ban of advertisement of smoking, ban of smoking in public places, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors) than non-smokers. About 81% of current smokers tried to quit smoking at least once during their life, 53% felt ready to quit smoking if cessation assistance was provided, 17% were not ready to quit, and 30% were reluctant/felt unsure if they were ready to quit. Most students (94.3%) reported that there were no smoking cessation centres in Palestine, or did not know if such centres existed. Males were associated with almost all categories of smoking (e.g. smoking both cigarettes and narghile, or smoking narghile only). CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of knowledge about the existing national anti-smoking legislation among university students in Gaza, Palestine. Smoking cessation centres also seem non-existent in Gaza. Multi-level interventions and actions are required by policy makers, educators and non-governmental agencies to prevent smoking among university students in Gaza, and to educate them on tobacco cessation counselling, on the dangers of tobacco use, and about effective stress management strategies to help them to cope with stressors. Smoking cessation interventions are required to address both cigarette and narghile use. Efforts need to be invested in ensuring compliance with legislation and for follow-up activities to enforce the anti-smoking laws through coordinated actions across ministries and departments.
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