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Romero EO, Saucedo AT, Hernández-Meléndez JR, Yang D, Chakrabarty S, Narayan ARH. Enabling Broader Adoption of Biocatalysis in Organic Chemistry. JACS AU 2023; 3:2073-2085. [PMID: 37654599 PMCID: PMC10466347 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is becoming an increasingly impactful method in contemporary synthetic chemistry for target molecule synthesis. The selectivity imparted by enzymes has been leveraged to complete previously intractable chemical transformations and improve synthetic routes toward complex molecules. However, the implementation of biocatalysis in mainstream organic chemistry has been gradual to this point. This is partly due to a set of historical and technological barriers that have prevented chemists from using biocatalysis as a synthetic tool with utility that parallels alternative modes of catalysis. In this Perspective, we discuss these barriers and how they have hindered the adoption of enzyme catalysts into synthetic strategies. We also summarize tools and resources that already enable organic chemists to use biocatalysts. Furthermore, we discuss ways to further lower the barriers for the adoption of biocatalysis by the broader synthetic organic chemistry community through the dissemination of resources, demystifying biocatalytic reactions, and increasing collaboration across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan O. Romero
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anthony T. Saucedo
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - José R. Hernández-Meléndez
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Di Yang
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute & Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Jang WY, Sohn JH, Chang JH. Thermally Stable and Reusable Silica and Nano-Fructosome Encapsulated CalB Enzyme Particles for Rapid Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Acylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9838. [PMID: 37372985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the preparation of silica-coated and nano-fructosome encapsulated Candida antarctica lipase B particles (CalB@NF@SiO2) and a demonstration of their enzymatic hydrolysis and acylation. CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were prepared as a function of TEOS concentration (3-100 mM). Their mean particle size was 185 nm by TEM. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to compare catalytic efficiencies of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2. The catalytic constants (Km, Vmax, and Kcat) of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2 were calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot. Optimal stability of CalB@NF@SiO2 was found at pH 8 and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were reused for seven cycles to evaluate their reusability. In addition, enzymatic synthesis of benzyl benzoate was demonstrated via an acylation reaction with benzoic anhydride. The efficiency of CalB@NF@SiO2 for converting benzoic anhydride to benzyl benzoate by the acylation reaction was 97%, indicating that benzoic anhydride was almost completely converted to benzyl benzoate. Consequently, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles are better than CalB@NF particles for enzymatic synthesis. In addition, they are reusable with high stability at optimal pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Jang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sohn
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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3
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Rodrigues CJC, de Carvalho CCCR. Marine Bioprospecting, Biocatalysis and Process Development. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1965. [PMID: 36296241 PMCID: PMC9610463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceans possess tremendous diversity in microbial life. The enzymatic machinery that marine bacteria present is the result of extensive evolution to assist cell survival under the harsh and continuously changing conditions found in the marine environment. Several bacterial cells and enzymes are already used at an industrial scale, but novel biocatalysts are still needed for sustainable industrial applications, with benefits for both public health and the environment. Metagenomic techniques have enabled the discovery of novel biocatalysts, biosynthetic pathways, and microbial identification without their cultivation. However, a key stage for application of novel biocatalysts is the need for rapid evaluation of the feasibility of the bioprocess. Cultivation of not-yet-cultured bacteria is challenging and requires new methodologies to enable growth of the bacteria present in collected environmental samples, but, once a bacterium is isolated, its enzyme activities are easily measured. High-throughput screening techniques have also been used successfully, and innovative in vitro screening platforms to rapidly identify relevant enzymatic activities continue to improve. Small-scale approaches and process integration could improve the study and development of new bioprocesses to produce commercially interesting products. In this work, the latest studies related to (i) the growth of marine bacteria under laboratorial conditions, (ii) screening techniques for bioprospecting, and (iii) bioprocess development using microreactors and miniaturized systems are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Range J, Halupczok C, Lohmann J, Swainston N, Kettner C, Bergmann FT, Weidemann A, Wittig U, Schnell S, Pleiss J. EnzymeML-a data exchange format for biocatalysis and enzymology. FEBS J 2021; 289:5864-5874. [PMID: 34890097 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
EnzymeML is an XML-based data exchange format that supports the comprehensive documentation of enzymatic data by describing reaction conditions, time courses of substrate and product concentrations, the kinetic model, and the estimated kinetic constants. EnzymeML is based on the Systems Biology Markup Language, which was extended by implementing the STRENDA Guidelines. An EnzymeML document serves as a container to transfer data between experimental platforms, modeling tools, and databases. EnzymeML supports the scientific community by introducing a standardized data exchange format to make enzymatic data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable according to the FAIR data principles. An application programming interface in Python supports the integration of software tools for data acquisition, data analysis, and publication. The feasibility of a seamless data flow using EnzymeML is demonstrated by creating an EnzymeML document from a structured spreadsheet or from a STRENDA DB database entry, by kinetic modeling using the modeling platform COPASI, and by uploading to the enzymatic reaction kinetics database SABIO-RK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Range
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Colin Halupczok
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Lohmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Neil Swainston
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ulrike Wittig
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Germany
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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CHEN YAO, CHEN XUEYE. MONOPHASIC REACTION WITH A PACKED BED MICROREACTOR: CHARACTERIZATION OF MASS TRANSFER AND REACTION. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519420500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the monophasic catalytic reaction in the microreactor is studied. Several factors that may affect the catalytic reaction are discussed, including the pressure drop, the size of catalyst particles, and the channel structure. Finally, some important conclusions can be reached. The change of pressure drop has an effect on the reaction. For example, the C3H6 conversion rate is 62.88% when the pressure drop is 8[Formula: see text]atm, and the C3H6 conversion rate is 61.78% when the pressure drop is 11[Formula: see text]atm. The effect of the change particle radius is not obvious on the reaction. Enhancing the mixing of substances before entering the reaction domain is helpful to the catalytic reaction. There are different substances concentration in catalyst particles at different positions in microreactors. But from the surface to the inside of catalyst particles, the substances concentration has a clear change rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- YAO CHEN
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, P. R. China
| | - XUEYE CHEN
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, P. R. China
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Kim SD, Song SW, Oh DY, Lee AC, Koo JW, Kang T, Kim MC, Lee C, Jeong Y, Jeong HY, Lee D, Cho S, Kwon S, Kim J. Microspinning: Local Surface Mixing via Rotation of Magnetic Microparticles for Efficient Small-Volume Bioassays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020175. [PMID: 32046141 PMCID: PMC7074623 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need for high-throughput screening has led to the miniaturization of the reaction volume of the chamber in bioassays. As the reactor gets smaller, surface tension dominates the gravitational or inertial force, and mixing efficiency decreases in small-scale reactions. Because passive mixing by simple diffusion in tens of microliter-scale volumes takes a long time, active mixing is needed. Here, we report an efficient micromixing method using magnetically rotating microparticles with patterned magnetization induced by magnetic nanoparticle chains. Because the microparticles have magnetization patterning due to fabrication with magnetic nanoparticle chains, the microparticles can rotate along the external rotating magnetic field, causing micromixing. We validated the reaction efficiency by comparing this micromixing method with other mixing methods such as simple diffusion and the use of a rocking shaker at various working volumes. This method has the potential to be widely utilized in suspension assay technology as an efficient mixing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Deok Kim
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seo Woo Song
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Dong Yoon Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jeong Woo Koo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Taehun Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Min Chang Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Yunjin Jeong
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Hyun Yong Jeong
- BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Daewon Lee
- BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Seongkyu Cho
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.W.S.); (A.C.L.); (C.L.); (Y.J.); (S.C.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1736 (S.K.); +82-52-217-3052 (J.K.)
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1736 (S.K.); +82-52-217-3052 (J.K.)
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Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has become an established tool for rapid protein synthesis in order to accelerate the discovery of new enzymes and the development of proteins with improved characteristics. Over the past years, progress in CFPS system preparation has been made towards simplification, and many applications have been developed with regard to tailor-made solutions for specific purposes. In this review, various preparation methods of CFPS systems are compared and the significance of individual supplements is assessed. The recent applications of CFPS are summarized and the potential for biocatalyst development discussed. One of the central features is the high-throughput synthesis of protein variants, which enables sophisticated approaches for rapid prototyping of enzymes. These applications demonstrate the contribution of CFPS to enhance enzyme functionalities and the complementation to in vivo protein synthesis. However, there are different issues to be addressed, such as the low predictability of CFPS performance and transferability to in vivo protein synthesis. Nevertheless, the usage of CFPS for high-throughput enzyme screening has been proven to be an efficient method to discover novel biocatalysts and improved enzyme variants.
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Fernandes AC, Gernaey KV, Krühne U. “Connecting worlds – a view on microfluidics for a wider application”. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1341-1366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Bhavsar KV, Yadav GD. n-Butyl levulinate synthesis using lipase catalysis: comparison of batch reactor versus continuous flow packed bed tubular microreactor. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Application of β-glucuronidase-immobilised silica gel formulation to microfluidic platform for biotransformation of β-glucuronides. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:773-780. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Microfluidic reactor for lipase-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of neohesperidin ester derivatives and their antimicrobial activity research. Carbohydr Res 2018; 455:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Šalić A, Zelić B. Synergy of Microtechnology and Biotechnology: Microreactors as an Effective Tool
for Biotransformation Processes §: §The paper was presented at European Biotechnology Congress, 25-27 May 2017, Dubrovnik, Croatia. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:464-479. [PMID: 30923444 PMCID: PMC6399720 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that microreactors have been present for more than 40 years now and that their potential has been extensively exploited in chemical synthesis, analytics and screening, to date very few biocatalytic processes have been explored in microreactors. It is claimed that enzymatic microreactor technology is exactly in the same place where chemical microreactors were 15 years ago. However, general opinion is that the efforts devoted to the research of micro-enzymatic reactors will inaugurate a new breakthrough in bio-based processing. The aim of this review is to explore the synergy between microtechnology, mainly microreactors, and biotechnology, and to assess its potential, opportunities, challenges and future application in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Castor C, Pontier A, Durand J, Pinto J, Prat L. Real time monitoring of the quiescent suspension copolymerization of vinyl chloride with methyl methacrylate in microreactors – Part 3. A kinetic study by raman spectroscopy and evolution of droplet size. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Schmideder A, Schottroff F, Klermund L, Castiglione K, Weuster-Botz D. Studies on the enzymatic synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid with continuously operated enzyme membrane reactors on a milliliter scale. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Kamble MP, Yadav GD. Kinetic Resolution of (R,S)-α-Tetralol by Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B: Comparison of Packed-Bed over Stirred-Tank Batch Bioreactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P. Kamble
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
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18
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Canbolat MF, Savas HB, Gultekin F. Improved catalytic activity by catalase immobilization using γ-cyclodextrin and electrospun PCL nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fatih Canbolat
- Textile Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty; Suleyman Demirel University; Isparta
| | - Hasan Basri Savas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Suleyman Demirel University; Isparta
| | - Fatih Gultekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Suleyman Demirel University; Isparta
- Faculty of Medicine; Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University; Antalya
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19
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Castor C, Pontier A, Durand J, Pinto J, Prat L. Real time monitoring of the quiescent suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in microreactors – Part 2. A kinetic study by Raman spectroscopy and evolution of droplet size. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Bolivar JM, Krämer CEM, Ungerböck B, Mayr T, Nidetzky B. Development of a fully integrated falling film microreactor for gas-liquid-solid biotransformation with surface immobilized O2-dependent enzyme. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1862-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 Graz A-8010 Austria
| | - Christina E. M. Krämer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 Graz A-8010 Austria
| | - Birgit Ungerböck
- Institute of Analytical and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 Graz A-8010 Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 Graz A-8010 Austria
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21
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Grosch JH, Sieben M, Lattermann C, Kauffmann K, Büchs J, Spieß AC. Enzyme activity deviates due to spatial and temporal temperature profiles in commercial microtiter plate readers. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:519-29. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Sieben
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering; Aachen Germany
| | | | - Kira Kauffmann
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
| | - Antje C. Spieß
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Enzyme Process Technology; Aachen Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Aachen Germany
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22
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Du LH, Cheng BZ, Yang WJ, Xu LL, Luo XP. Markovnikov addition of imidazole derivatives with vinyl esters catalyzed by lipase TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus/K2CO3 in a continuous-flow microreactor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05983j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a simple and efficient method for Markovnikov addition of imidazole derivatives to vinyl esters catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM/K2CO3 in a continuous-flow microreactor was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhe Jiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Bing-Zhuo Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhe Jiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Wen-Jun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhe Jiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Liang-Liang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhe Jiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xi-Ping Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhe Jiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
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23
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Bolivar JM, Eisl I, Nidetzky B. Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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25
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Gong A, Gu SS, Wang J, Sheng S, Wu FA. A peculiar segmented flow microfluidics for isoquercitrin biosynthesis based on coupling of reaction and separation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:498-506. [PMID: 26163760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A segmented flow containing a buffer-ionic liquid/solvent in a micro-channel reactor was applied to synthesize isoquercitrin by the hesperidinase-catalyzed selective hydrolysis of rutin, based on a novel system of reaction coupling with separation. Within the developed microchannel reactor with one T-shaped inlet and outlet, the maximum isoquercitrin yield (101.7 ± 2.6%) was achieved in 20 min at 30 °C and 4 μL/min. Compared with a continuous-flow reactor, reaction rate was increased 4-fold due to a glycine-sodium hydroxide:[Bmim][BF4]/glycerol triacetate (1:1, v/v) system that formed a slug flow in microchannel and significantly increased mass transfer rates. The mass transfer coefficient significantly increased and exhibited a linear relationship with the flow rate. Hesperidinase could be efficiently reused at least 5 times, without losing any activity. The bonding mechanism and secondary structure of hesperidinase indicated that hesperidinase had a greater affinity to rutin at a production rate of 4 μL/min in this segmented flow microreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Gong
- School of Biotechnology & School of the Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Gu
- School of Biotechnology & School of the Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology & School of the Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology & School of the Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology & School of the Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
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26
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Real time monitoring of the quiescent suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate in microreactors—Part 1. A kinetic study by Raman spectroscopy and evolution of droplet size. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Lasave LC, Borisov SM, Ehgartner J, Mayr T. Quick and simple integration of optical oxygen sensors into glass-based microfluidic devices. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel simple and inexpensive technique for integration of optical oxygen sensors into microfluidic channels made of glass. The channels are coated with conjugated polymeric nanoparticles containing a covalently grafted oxygen indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Lasave
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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28
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Herwig G, Hornung CH, Peeters G, Ebdon N, Savage GP. Porous double-layer polymer tubing for the potential use in heterogeneous continuous flow reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:22838-22846. [PMID: 25419902 DOI: 10.1021/am5070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymer tubing with an OD of 1/16 or 1/8 in. was fabricated by a simple polymer coextrusion process. The tubing was made of an outer impervious polypropylene layer and an inner layer, consisting of a blend of a functional polymer, polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid, and a sacrificial polymer, polystyrene. After a simple solvent leaching step using common organic solvents, the polystyrene was removed, leaving behind a porous inner layer that contains functional carboxylic acid groups, which could then be used for the immobilization of target molecules. Solution-phase reactions using amines or isocyanates have proven successful for the immobilization of a series of small molecules and polymers. This flexible multilayered functional tubing can be easily cut to the desired length and connected via standard microfluidic fittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Herwig
- Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO , Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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29
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Du LH, Ling HM, Luo XP. Michael addition of pyrimidine derivatives with acrylates catalyzed by lipase TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus in a continuous-flow microreactor. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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30
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Itabaiana I, Leal ICR, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Three-Step Chemo Enzymatic Continuous-Flow Cascade Synthesis of 1-Monoacylglycerol. J Flow Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Tufvesson P, Lima-Ramos J, Haque NA, Gernaey KV, Woodley JM. Advances in the Process Development of Biocatalytic Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op4001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pär Tufvesson
- Center for Process Engineering
and Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds
Vej 1, Building 101A, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joana Lima-Ramos
- Center for Process Engineering
and Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds
Vej 1, Building 101A, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Naweed Al Haque
- Center for Process Engineering
and Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds
Vej 1, Building 101A, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Center for Process Engineering
and Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds
Vej 1, Building 101A, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M. Woodley
- Center for Process Engineering
and Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds
Vej 1, Building 101A, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Luo XP, Du LH, He F, Zhou CH. Controllable Regioselective Acylation of Flavonoids Catalyzed by Lipase in Microreactors. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2013.843095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Characterization of ‘pinky’ strain grown in culture of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26.1. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Denčić I, Noël T, Meuldijk J, de Croon M, Hessel V. Micro reaction technology for valorization of biomolecules using enzymes and metal catalysts. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Denčić
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Mart de Croon
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven the Netherlands
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35
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Bodla VK, Seerup R, Krühne U, Woodley JM, Gernaey KV. Microreactors and CFD as Tools for Biocatalysis Reactor Design: A case study. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Bolivar JM, Consolati T, Mayr T, Nidetzky B. Shine a light on immobilized enzymes: real-time sensing in solid supported biocatalysts. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:194-203. [PMID: 23384504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on solid supports has been key to biotransformation development. Although technologies for immobilization have largely reached maturity, the resulting biocatalysts are not well understood mechanistically. One limitation is that their internal environment is usually inferred from external data. Therefore, biological consequences of the immobilization remain masked by physical effects of mass transfer, obstructing further development. Work reviewed herein shows that opto-chemical sensing performed directly within the solid support enables the biocatalyst's internal environment to be uncovered quantitatively and in real time. Non-invasive methods of intraparticle pH and O2 determination are presented, and their use as process analytical tools for development of heterogeneous biocatalysts is described. Method diversification to other analytes remains a challenging task for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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37
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Cvjetko M, Vorkapić-Furač J, Žnidaršič-Plazl P. Isoamyl acetate synthesis in imidazolium-based ionic liquids using packed bed enzyme microreactor. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Porcar R, Sans V, Ríos-Lombardía N, Gotor-Fernández V, Gotor V, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Stereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enantiopure 2-(1H-imidazol-yl)cycloalkanols under Continuous Flow Conditions. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300282w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Porcar
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Victor Sans
- School of Chemistry, Joseph
Black Building, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología
de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento
de Química
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I E-12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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39
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40
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Kawakami K, Ueno M, Takei T, Oda Y, Takahashi R. Application of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase-immobilized silica monolith micro-bioreactor to continuous-flow kinetic resolution for transesterification of (R, S)-1-phenylethanol. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Marques MPC, Fernandes P, Cabral JMS, Znidaršič-Plazl P, Plazl I. Continuous steroid biotransformations in microchannel reactors. N Biotechnol 2011; 29:227-34. [PMID: 22008387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of microchannel reactor based technologies within the scope of bioprocesses as process intensification and production platforms is gaining momentum. Such trend can be ascribed a particular set of characteristics of microchannel reactors, namely the enhanced mass and heat transfer, combined with easier handling and smaller volumes required, as compared to traditional reactors. In the present work, a continuous production process of 4-cholesten-3-one by the enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol without the formation of any by-product was assessed. The production was carried out within Y-shaped microchannel reactors in an aqueous-organic two-phase system. Substrate was delivered from the organic phase to aqueous phase containing cholesterol oxidase and the product formed partitions back to the organic phase. The aqueous phase was then forced through a plug-flow reactor, containing immobilized catalase. This step aimed at the reduction of hydrogen peroxide formed as a by-product during cholesterol oxidation, to avoid cholesterol oxidase deactivation due to said by-product. This setup was compared with traditional reactors and modes of operation. The results showed that microchannel reactor geometry outperformed traditional stirred tank and plug-flow reactors reaching similar conversion yields at reduced residence time. Coupling the plug-flow reactor containing catalase enabled aqueous phase reuse with maintenance of 30% catalytic activity of cholesterol oxidase while eliminating hydrogen peroxide. A final production of 36 m of cholestenone was reached after 300 hours of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P C Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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42
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Marques MP, Fernandes P. Microfluidic devices: useful tools for bioprocess intensification. Molecules 2011; 16:8368-401. [PMID: 21963626 PMCID: PMC6264232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dawn of the new millennium saw a trend towards the dedicated use of microfluidic devices for process intensification in biotechnology. As the last decade went by, it became evident that this pattern was not a short-lived fad, since the deliverables related to this field of research have been consistently piling-up. The application of process intensification in biotechnology is therefore seemingly catching up with the trend already observed in the chemical engineering area, where the use of microfluidic devices has already been upgraded to production scale. The goal of the present work is therefore to provide an updated overview of the developments centered on the use of microfluidic devices for process intensification in biotechnology. Within such scope, particular focus will be given to different designs, configurations and modes of operation of microreactors, but reference to similar features regarding microfluidic devices in downstream processing will not be overlooked. Engineering considerations and fluid dynamics issues, namely related to the characterization of flow in microchannels, promotion of micromixing and predictive tools, will also be addressed, as well as reflection on the analytics required to take full advantage of the possibilities provided by microfluidic devices in process intensification. Strategies developed to ease the implementation of experimental set-ups anchored in the use of microfluidic devices will be briefly tackled. Finally, realistic considerations on the current advantages and limitation on the use of microfluidic devices for process intensification, as well as prospective near future developments in the field, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P.C. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, IST, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, IST, Lisboa, Portugal
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43
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Experimental and numerical analysis of high-resolution injection technique for capillary electrophoresis microchip. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3594-605. [PMID: 21747696 PMCID: PMC3131580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the use of high-resolution injection techniques to deliver sample plugs within a capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip. The CE microfluidic device was integrated into a U-shaped injection system and an expansion chamber located at the inlet of the separation channel, which can miniize the sample leakage effect and deliver a high-quality sample plug into the separation channel so that the detection performance of the device is enhanced. The proposed 45° U-shaped injection system was investigated using a sample of Rhodamine B dye. Meanwhile, the analysis of the current CE microfluidic chip was studied by considering the separation of Hae III digested ϕx-174 DNA samples. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the included 45° U-shaped injector completely eliminates the sample leakage and an expansion separation channel with an expansion ratio of 2.5 delivers a sample plug with a perfect detection shape and highest concentration intensity, hence enabling an optimal injection and separation performance.
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44
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Bolivar JM, Wiesbauer J, Nidetzky B. Biotransformations in microstructured reactors: more than flowing with the stream? Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:333-42. [PMID: 21546108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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45
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Jesorka A, Stepanyants N, Zhang H, Ortmen B, Hakonen B, Orwar O. Generation of phospholipid vesicle-nanotube networks and transport of molecules therein. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:791-805. [PMID: 21637199 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2011.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe micromanipulation and microinjection procedures for the fabrication of soft-matter networks consisting of lipid bilayer nanotubes and surface-immobilized vesicles. These biomimetic membrane systems feature unique structural flexibility and expandability and, unlike solid-state microfluidic and nanofluidic devices prepared by top-down fabrication, they allow network designs with dynamic control over individual containers and interconnecting conduits. The fabrication is founded on self-assembly of phospholipid molecules, followed by micromanipulation operations, such as membrane electroporation and microinjection, to effect shape transformations of the membrane and create a series of interconnected compartments. Size and geometry of the network can be chosen according to its desired function. Membrane composition is controlled mainly during the self-assembly step, whereas the interior contents of individual containers is defined through a sequence of microneedle injections. Networks cannot be fabricated with other currently available methods of giant unilamellar vesicle preparation (large unilamellar vesicle fusion or electroformation). Described in detail are also three transport modes, which are suitable for moving water-soluble or membrane-bound small molecules, polymers, DNA, proteins and nanoparticles within the networks. The fabrication protocol requires ∼90 min, provided all necessary preparations are made in advance. The transport studies require an additional 60-120 min, depending on the transport regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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46
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Hiseni A, Arends IWCE, Otten LG. Biochemical characterization of the carotenoid 1,2-hydratases (CrtC) from Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1029-36. [PMID: 21590288 PMCID: PMC3145076 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two carotenoid 1,2-hydratase (CrtC) genes from the photosynthetic bacteria Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Thiocapsa roseopersicina were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli in an active form and purified by affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of the recombinant enzymes and their substrate specificities were studied. The purified CrtCs catalyze cofactor independently the conversion of lycopene to 1-HO- and 1,1′-(HO)2-lycopene. The optimal pH and temperature for hydratase activity was 8.0 and 30°C, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax values obtained for the hydration of lycopene were 24 μM and 0.31 nmol h−1 mg−1 for RgCrtC and 9.5 μM and 0.15 nmol h−1 mg−1 for TrCrtC, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed two protein bands of 44 and 38 kDa for TrCrtC, which indicate protein processing. Both hydratases are also able to convert the unnatural substrate geranylgeraniol (C20 substrate), which functionally resembles the natural substrate lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Hiseni
- Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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47
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Biocatalytic microreactor incorporating HRP anchored on micro-/nano-lithographic patterns for flow oxidation of phenols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Costantini F, Benetti EM, Reinhoudt DN, Huskens J, Vancso GJ, Verboom W. Enzyme-functionalized polymer brush films on the inner wall of silicon-glass microreactors with tunable biocatalytic activity. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3407-3412. [PMID: 20941436 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The lipase from Candida Rugosa was immobilized to a poly(methacrylic acid) polymer brush layer, grown on the inner wall of silicon-glass microreactors. The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate was used as a model reaction to study the activity of this biocatalytic system. The amount of bound lipase could be tuned by changing the polymerization time of the brush formation. The Michaelis-Menten constants and V(max) values, determined for immobilized and free lipase, are similar, demonstrating that the lipase's substrate affinity and its activity remain unchanged upon immobilization to the microchannel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costantini
- Molecular Nanofabrication (MnF), University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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49
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Lipase immobilized microstructured fiber based flow-through microreactor for facile lipid transformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Fernández-Arrojo L, Guazzaroni ME, López-Cortés N, Beloqui A, Ferrer M. Metagenomic era for biocatalyst identification. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:725-33. [PMID: 20934867 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes have many known applications as biocatalysts. However, only a few of them are currently employed for biocatalysis even though an annotated collection of more than 190 billion bases is available in metagenome sequence databases from uncultured and highly diverse microbial populations. This review aims at providing conceptual and technical bases for the translation of metagenome data into both experimental and computational frameworks that facilitates a comprehensive analysis of the biocatalysts diversity space. We will also briefly present the status of the current capabilities that assess and predict catalytic potential of environmental sites and track its diversity and evolution in large-scale biocatalysis process resulting from studies applying metagenomics in association with gene fingerprinting, catabolic arrays and complementary '-omics'.
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