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Ren J, Fang H, Yang L, Sun H, Song H, Yan G, Han Y, Wang X. Fecal metabolomics analysis for deciphering the lipid-lowering effect of Qizhi capsule on high-fat feed induced hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116270. [PMID: 36806341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qizhi capsule (QZC), a Chinese patent drug, has been utilized to treat hyperlipidemia. AIM OF STUDY The present study aims to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of QZC, as well as the mechanism of action for treating hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia rats were administrated with different doses of QZC for 28 days, and atorvastatin calcium tablets was used as the positive control. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were used to evaluate the effectiveness of QZC treatment. The metabolic profiles of feces were analyzed by UPLC-MS-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis. RESULTS The levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C were significantly reversed in QZC treatment groups, showing a similar or even better treatment effect compared with the atorvastatin calcium group. Thirty-two potential fecal biomarkers related to hyperlipidemia were identified. QZC could partially recover the disturbed metabolic pathways of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the signal pathways of regulation of lipid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARα activates gene expression, and transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation can be also regulated by QZC. CONCLUSION The lipid-lowering effect of QZC was confirmed by both serum biochemistry and metabolomics analysis. The beneficial effects of QZC were mainly attributed to the correction of metabolic disorders and the maintenance of the dynamic balance of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Heng Fang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Hongwei Song
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China.
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10,12-conjugated linoleic acid supplementation improves HDL composition and function in mice. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100241. [PMID: 35714730 PMCID: PMC9283942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, which are major risk factors for CVD. One dietary component of ruminant animal foods, 10,12-conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA), has been shown to promote weight loss in humans. Previous work has shown that 10,12 CLA is atheroprotective in mice by a mechanism that may be distinct from its weight loss effects, but this exact mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we evaluated HDL composition and function in obese LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) mice that were losing weight because of 10,12 CLA supplementation or caloric restriction (CR; weight-matched control group) and in an obese control group consuming a high-fat high-sucrose diet. We show that 10,12 CLA-HDL exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than CR- or high-fat high-sucrose-HDL in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the 10,12 CLA-HDL particle (HDL-P) concentration was higher, attributed to more medium- and large-sized HDL-Ps. Passive cholesterol efflux capacity of 10,12 CLA-HDL was elevated, as was expression of HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type 1 in the aortic arch. Murine macrophages treated with 10,12 CLA in vitro exhibited increased expression of cholesterol transporters Abca1 and Abcg1, suggesting increased cholesterol efflux potential of these cells. Finally, proteomics analysis revealed elevated Apoa1 content in 10,12 CLA-HDL-Ps, consistent with a higher particle concentration, and particles were also enriched with alpha-1-antitrypsin, an emerging anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic HDL-associated protein. We conclude that 10,12 CLA may therefore exert its atheroprotective effects by increasing HDL-P concentration, HDL anti-inflammatory potential, and promoting beneficial effects on cholesterol efflux.
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Joshi A, Hegde M, Zanwar A. Flaxseed oil and palm olein blend to improve omega-6: omega-3 ratio. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:498-509. [PMID: 35185171 PMCID: PMC8814207 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop the oil blend with improved omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio (ω-6:ω-3) with good oxidative and thermal stability. Flaxseed oil and palm olein were selected for the blending. Flaxseed oil is rich in anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 FA) but is oxidatively very unstable. Palm olein has low omega-6 fatty acid content and high thermal and oxidative stability. Blends containing various percent (v/v) of flaxseed oil and palm olein were prepared. Oxidative and thermal stability was determined by analyzing peroxide value, acid value, smoke point, % free fatty acids, para-Anisidine and TOTOX values. Nutritive quality was confirmed by determining fatty acid composition. Nine month storage stability of the blend containing highest flaxseed oil percentage was assessed in terms of peroxide and acid value and fatty acid composition. The biological effects were studied in THP-1 cell line as the effect on cell survival, FA uptake and inflammatory markers. The data indicates that, blending improved ω-6:ω-3 ratio. Oxidative and thermal stability study, and nine month storage stability study suggested that palm olein imparted stability to the blend. Fatty acid profiles of the cells treated with these blends showed uptake of Alpha Linolenic Acid (ω-3 FA). These blends lowered inflammatory TNFα level without affecting cell survival. Thus, blending of flaxseed oil with palm olein may result in better health benefits owing to their improved nutritional and stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asavari Joshi
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
| | - Mahabaleshwar Hegde
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
| | - Anand Zanwar
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
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Lamberti G, De Smet CH, Angelova M, Kremser L, Taub N, Herrmann C, Hess MW, Rainer J, Tancevski I, Schweigreiter R, Kofler R, Schmiedinger T, Vietor I, Trajanoski Z, Ejsing CS, Lindner HH, Huber LA, Stasyk T. LAMTOR/Ragulator regulates lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell differentiation. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:31-42. [PMID: 31423582 PMCID: PMC7003824 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) is a scaffold protein complex that anchors and regulates multiprotein signaling units on late endosomes/lysosomes. To identify LAMTOR‐modulated endolysosomal proteins, primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow of conditional knockout mice carrying a specific deletion of LAMTOR2 in the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Affymetrix‐based transcriptomic analysis and quantitative iTRAQ‐based organelle proteomic analysis of endosomes derived from macrophages were performed. Further analyses showed that LAMTOR could be a novel regulator of foam cell differentiation. The lipid droplet formation phenotype observed in macrophages was additionally confirmed in MEFs, where lipidomic analysis identified cholesterol esters as specifically downregulated in LAMTOR2 knockout cells. The data obtained indicate a function of LAMTOR2 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Lamberti
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H De Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Taub
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Kofler
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Gallagher H, Williams JO, Ferekidis N, Ismail A, Chan YH, Michael DR, Guschina IA, Tyrrell VJ, O'Donnell VB, Harwood JL, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S, Ramji DP. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits several key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2538-2550. [PMID: 31202985 PMCID: PMC6620504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are responsible for one in three global deaths. Nutraceuticals show promise in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis but require an indepth understanding of the mechanisms underlying their actions. A previous study showed that the omega-6 fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), attenuated atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model system. However, the mechanisms underlying such protective effects of DGLA are poorly understood and were therefore investigated. We show that DGLA attenuates chemokine-driven monocytic migration together with foam cell formation and the expression of key pro-atherogenic genes induced by three pro-inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages. The effect of DGLA on interferon-γ signaling was mediated via inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 phosphorylation on serine 727. In relation to anti-foam cell action, DGLA inhibits modified LDL uptake by both macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter by reduction in expression of two key scavenger receptors (SR-A and CD36), and stimulates cholesterol efflux from foam cells. DGLA also improves macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetic profile by decreasing proton leak. Gamma-linolenic acid and prostaglandin E1, upstream precursor and key metabolite respectively of DGLA, also acted in an anti-atherogenic manner. The actions of DGLA extended to other key atherosclerosis-associated cell types with attenuation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA and supports further assessments on its protective effects on plaque regression in vivo and in human trials. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) attenuates atherosclerosis in a mouse model system. The mechanisms underlying anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA are poorly understood. DGLA inhibited atherogenic processes in three key cell types in this disease. Mechanisms underlying such protective actions of DGLA were identified. Studies inform on the beneficial anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Gallagher
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Nele Ferekidis
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Alaa Ismail
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Daryn R Michael
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Irina A Guschina
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - John L Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid Effects on Cancer, Obesity, and Atherosclerosis: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Human Trials with Current Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020370. [PMID: 30754681 PMCID: PMC6413010 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are straining our healthcare system, necessitating the development of novel strategies for weight loss. Lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and caloric restriction, have proven effective against obesity in the short term, yet obesity persists because of the high predilection for weight regain. Therefore, alternative approaches to achieve long term sustainable weight loss are urgently needed. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid found naturally in ruminant animal food products, has been identified as a potential anti-obesogenic agent, with substantial efficacy in mice, and modest efficacy in obese human populations. Originally described as an anti-carcinogenic fatty acid, in addition to its anti-obesogenic effects, CLA has now been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties. This review summarizes the pre-clinical and human studies conducted using CLA to date, which collectively suggest that CLA has efficacy against cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In addition, the potential mechanisms for the many integrative physiological effects of CLA supplementation will be discussed in detail, including an introduction to the gut microbiota as a potential mediator of CLA effects on obesity and atherosclerosis.
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Tamosaityte S, Galli R, Uckermann O, Sitoci-Ficici KH, Koch M, Later R, Schackert G, Koch E, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Inflammation-related alterations of lipids after spinal cord injury revealed by Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:61008. [PMID: 27146789 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers several lipid alterations in nervous tissue. It is characterized by extensive demyelination and the inflammatory response leads to accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages, which often transform into foam cells by accumulation of lipid droplets after engulfment of the damaged myelin sheaths. Using an experimental rat model, Raman microspectroscopy was applied to retrieve the modifications of the lipid distribution following SCI. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and endogenous two-photon fluorescence (TPEF) microscopies were used for the detection of lipid-laden inflammatory cells. The Raman mapping of CH2 deformation mode intensity at 1440 cm(−1) retrieved the lipid-depleted injury core. Preserved white matter and inflammatory regions with myelin fragmentation and foam cells were localized by specifically addressing the distribution of esterified lipids, i.e., by mapping the intensity of the carbonyl Raman band at 1743 cm(−1), and were in agreement with CARS/TPEF microscopy. Principal component analysis revealed that the inflammatory regions are notably rich in saturated fatty acids. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy enabled to specifically detect inflammation after SCI and myelin degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tamosaityte
- TU Dresden, Klinisches Sensoring und Monitoring-Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- TU Dresden, Klinisches Sensoring und Monitoring-Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerim H Sitoci-Ficici
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Koch
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, GermanycCRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden-Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Later
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- TU Dresden, Klinisches Sensoring und Monitoring-Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- TU Dresden, Klinisches Sensoring und Monitoring-Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- TU Dresden, Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, GermanycCRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden-Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Xie X, Zhang T, Zhao S, Li W, Ma L, Ding M, Liu Y. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids high fat diet intervention on the synthesis of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obesity-insulin resistance rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:81. [PMID: 27101976 PMCID: PMC4840880 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have previously been demonstrated in association with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of n-3 PUFA-rich perilla oil (PO) and fish oil (FO) high fat diet intervention against the synthesis of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in obesity-insulin resistance model rats. Methods In the modeling period, the male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the high fat (HF) group were given a high fat pure diet containing 20.62 % lard. In the intervention period, the model rats were intervened with purified high-fat diets rich in PO or FO, containing same energy content with high fat pure diet in HF. After the intervention, the protein and mRNA expressions status of the key genes involved in synthesis of hepatic HDL-c were measured for further analytic comparison. Results The obesity-insulin resistance model rats were characterized by surprisingly high levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and increased body weight (P < 0.05, each). After the intervention, there were no apparent changes in the serum HDL-c and total cholesterol (TCH). In addition, the FO could up-regulate the hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA (P < 0.01) and protein expressions, as well as increase the level of serum apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) (P < 0.0001), and elevate the hepatic apoA-1mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Different from FO, the PO specifically elevated the hepatic ABCA1mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Conclusions The FO high fat diets promoted the synthesis of HDL-c in the obesity-insulin resistance rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxing Xie
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lanzhi Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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The anti-atherogenic effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are dependent on the stage of THP-1 macrophage differentiation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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Contrasting effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid membrane incorporation into cardiomyocytes on free cholesterol turnover. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1413-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zavar Reza J, Nahangi H, Mansouri R, Dehghani A, Mojarrad M, Fathi M, Nikzamir A, Yekaninejad MS. The Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Molecular Markers of Cholesterol Homeostasis in THP-1 Macrophages. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:554-9. [PMID: 24396573 PMCID: PMC3871741 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Macrophages derived foam cells are key factors in the maladaptive immune and inflammatory response. Objectives The study of the cholesterol homeostasis and the molecular factor involved in these cells is very important in understanding the process of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms that prevent its occurrence. Materials and Methods This experimental study investigated the effects of c9, t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (c9, t11-CLA). Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARα and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells. Results Incubation of CLA, LA, EPA, and synthetic ligands did not prevent increasing the cellular total cholesterol (TC). Free cholesterol (FC) is increased by Sandoz58-035 (P = 0.024) and decreased by fatty acids and Wy14643 (Pirinixic acid) (P = 0.035). The pattern of distribution of %EC is similar to the EC pattern distribution. The ACAT1 mRNA expression was significantly increased by EPA (P = 0.009), but c9, t11- CLA, LA, Wy14643, and Sandoz58-035 had no significant effect on the mRNA level of ACAT1 expression compared to DMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide). Discussions In comparison to the control of Wy14643, Sandoz58-035, c9 and t11-CLA, EPA increased the PPARα mRNA levels (P = 0.024, P = 0.041, P = 0.043, and P = 0.004, respectively), even though, LA had no significant effect on the PPARα mRNA expression (P = 0.489). Conclusions Variations in the chemical structure of fatty acids can affect their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Zavar Reza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Nahangi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Fathi, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2181453074, Fax: +98-2181453074, E-mail:
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Endocrine Research Center, Valiasr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acids influence human health and diseases in various ways. In recent years, much work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids control short-term and long-term cellular functions. We have reviewed herein the most recent studies on modulation of gene expression by fatty acids. A number of genes respond to transcription factors and present a transcription factor response element in their promoter regions. Fatty acids may exert their effects on metabolism by regulating gene transcription via transcription factors. Understanding how fatty acids control expression of metabolic genes is a promising strategy to be investigated by aiming to treat metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS Fatty acids exert many of their biological effects through the modulation of the activity of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and liver X receptors. SUMMARY Fatty acid action through transcription factors controls the expression of several inflammatory and metabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureane N Masi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Liu XY, Lu Q, Ouyang XP, Tang SL, Zhao GJ, Lv YC, He PP, Kuang HJ, Tang YY, Fu Y, Zhang DW, Tang CK. Apelin-13 increases expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 via activating protein kinase C α signaling in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:398-407. [PMID: 23290264 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apelin has an antiatherogenic function through activating protein kinase C (PKC) to initiate a series of cellular signaling pathways. PKC phosphorylates and stabilizes ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) through inhibiting its degradation mediated by calpain. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether apelin-13 affects expression of ABCA1 through PKC signaling. The results showed that apelin-13 dramatically increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and reduced cellular cholesterol levels. ABCA1 protein but not mRNA levels were dramatically increased by apelin-13, and calpain-induced degradation of ABCA1 and calpain activity were suppressed with treatment of apelin-13. However, the effects of apelin-13 on ABCA1 protein expression, cellular cholesterol efflux and calpain activity were abolished by depletion of PKCα, suggesting the potential important role of PKCα. In addition, apelin-13 was shown to phosphorylate serine residues in ABCA1 through the PKCα pathway. Thus, apelin-13 appears to activate PKCα, phosphorylate ABCA1 and inhibit calpain-mediated proteolysis, thereby promoting cholesterol efflux and reducing foam cell formation. Our study herein described a possible mechanism for understanding the antiatherogenic effects of apelin on attenuating the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on monocyte, macrophage and foam cell phenotype in atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 98:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Research Advances of Cholesterol Efflux in Atherosclerosis*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Visioli F, Giordano E, Nicod NM, Dávalos A. Molecular targets of omega 3 and conjugated linoleic Fatty acids - "micromanaging" cellular response. Front Physiol 2012; 3:42. [PMID: 22393325 PMCID: PMC3289952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized de novo by mammals and need to be ingested either with the diet or through the use of supplements/functional foods to ameliorate cardiovascular prognosis. This review focus on the molecular targets of omega 3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, as paradigmatic molecules that can be exploited both as nutrients and as pharmacological agents, especially as related to cardioprotection. In addition, we indicate novel molecular targets, namely microRNAs that might contribute to the observed biological activities of such essential fatty acids.
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