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Shang Z, Liu S, Duan Y, Bao C, Wang J, Dong B, Cao Y. Complete genome sequencing and investigation on the fiber-degrading potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TL106 from the tibetan pig. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:186. [PMID: 35906551 PMCID: PMC9336001 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulolytic microorganisms are considered a key player in the degradation of feed fiber. These microorganisms can be isolated from various resources, such as animal gut, plant surfaces, soil and oceans. A new strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, TL106, was isolated from faeces of a healthy Tibetan pigs. This strain can produce cellulase and shows strong antimicrobial activity in mice. Thus, in this study, to better understand the strain of B. amyloliquefaciens TL106 on degradation of cellulose, the genome of the strain TL106 was completely sequenced and analyzed. In addition, we also explored the cellulose degradation ability of strain TL106 in vitro. Results TL106 was completely sequenced with the third generation high-throughput DNA sequencing. In vitro analysis with enzymatic hydrolysis identified the activity of cellulose degradation. TL106 consisted of one circular chromosome with 3,980,960 bp and one plasmid with 16,916 bp, the genome total length was 3.99 Mb and total of 4,130 genes were predicted. Several genes of cellulases and hemicellulase were blasted in Genbank, including β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, ß-glucanase and xylanase genes. Additionally, the activities of amylase (20.25 U/mL), cellulase (20.86 U/mL), xylanase (39.71 U/mL) and β-glucanase (36.13 U/mL) in the fermentation supernatant of strain TL106 were higher. In the study of degradation characteristics, we found that strain TL106 had a better degradation effect on crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, arabinoxylan and β-glucan of wheat and highland barley . Conclusions The genome of B. amyloliquefaciens TL106 contained several genes of cellulases and hemicellulases, can produce carbohydrate-active enzymes, amylase, cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase. The supernatant of fermented had activities of strain TL106. It could degrade the fiber fraction and non-starch polysaccharides (arabinoxylans and β-glucan) of wheat and highland barley. The present study demonstrated that the degradation activity of TL106 to crude fiber which can potentially be applied as a feed additive to potentiate the digestion of plant feed by monogastric animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02599-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Suozhu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 860000, Nyingchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Ran JS, Jin J, Zhang XX, Wang Y, Ren P, Li JJ, Yin LQ, Li ZQ, Lan D, Hu YD, Liu YP. Molecular Characterization, Expression and Functional Analysis of Chicken STING. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3706. [PMID: 30469505 PMCID: PMC6321155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is an essential line of defense against pathogen invasion which is gained at birth, and the mechanism involved is mainly to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a signal junction molecule that hosts the perception of viral nucleic acids and produces type I interferon response, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity. However, relatively few studies have investigated the molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and potential function of STING in chickens. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of chicken STING that is composed of 1341 bp. Sequence analyses revealed that STING contains a 1140-bp open-reading frame that probably encodes a 379-amino acid protein. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the similarity of the chicken STING gene to other birds is higher than that of mammals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays revealed that STING is highly expressed in the spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricious in chickens. Furthermore, we observed that STING expression was significantly upregulated both in vitro and in vivo following infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). STING expression was also significantly upregulated in chicken embryo fibroblasts upon stimulation with poly(I:C) or poly(dA:dT). Taken together, these findings suggest that STING plays an important role in antiviral signaling pathways in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Kunming Primate Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xian-Xian Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Ren
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ling-Qian Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Lan
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Dvorak CM, Puvanendiran S, Murtaugh MP. Porcine circovirus 2 infection induces IFNβ expression through increased expression of genes involved in RIG-I and IRF7 signaling pathways. Virus Res 2018; 253:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Zeng K, Lei YF, Chen XH, Ying SC, Lv XB, Wang Z, Gao R. Knockdown expression of IL-10Rα gene inhibits PRRSV replication and elevates immune responses in PBMCs of Tibetan pig in vitro. Vet Res Commun 2017; 42:11-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Sun H, Lan D. Stability of Reference Gene Expression After Porcine Sapelovirus Infection in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:343-9. [PMID: 27092424 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells, which serve as the first physical barrier to protect intestinal tract from external antigens, have an important role in the local innate immunity. Screening of reference genes that have stable expression levels after viral infection in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is critical for ensuring the reliability of the expression analysis on anti-infection genes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, nine common reference genes in pigs, including ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, SDHA, HPRT1, TBP, YWHAZ, and RPL32, were chosen as the candidate reference genes. Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) was used as a model virus to infect porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The expression stability of the nine genes was assessed by the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software. Moreover, RefFinder program was used to evaluate the analytical results of above three softwares, and a relative expression experiment of selected target gene was used to verify the analysis results. The comprehensive results indicated that the gene combination of TBP and RPL32 has the most stable expression, which could be considered as an appropriate reference gene for research on gene expression after PSV infection in IPEC-J2cells. The results provided essential data for expression analysis of anti-infection genes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Sun
- 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu, China .,3 Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu, China
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Cheng Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Shi S, Yan Y, Li J, Ding C, Sun J. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of the duck Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:37-46. [PMID: 25269719 PMCID: PMC4367148 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In the present study, the first TLR5 gene in duck was cloned. The open reading frame (ORF) of duck TLR5 (dTLR5) cDNA is 2580 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 859 amino acids. We also cloned partial sequences of myeloid differentiation factor 88, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and myxovirus resistance (Mx) genes from duck. dTLR5 mRNA was highly expressed in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, trachea, lung, jejunum, rectum, and skin; moderately expressed in the muscular and glandular tissues, duodenum, ileum, caecum, and pancreas; and minimally expressed in the heart, liver, kidney, and muscle. DF-1 or HeLa cells transfected with DNA constructs encoding dTLR5 can activate NF-κB leading to the activation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter. When we challenged ducks with a Herts33 Newcastle disease virus (NDV), mRNA transcription of the antiviral molecules Mx, Double stranded RNA activated protein kinase (PKR), and OAS was up-regulated in the liver, lung, and spleen 1 and 2 days post-inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200240, China
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Premraj A, Aleyas AG, Nautiyal B, Rasool TJ. Identification and isolation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING): an innate immune sensory and adaptor gene from camelids. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 40:377-85. [PMID: 23350682 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which type I interferon-mediated antiviral response is mounted by hosts against invading pathogen is an intriguing one. Of late, an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein encoded by a gene called stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is implicated in the innate signalling pathways and has been identified and cloned in few mammalian species including human, mouse and pig. In this article, we report the identification of STING from three different species of a highly conserved family of mammals - the camelids. cDNAs encoding the STING of Old World camels - dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and a New World camel - llama (Llama glama) were amplified using conserved primers and RACE. The complete STING cDNA of dromedary camel is 2171 bp long with a 706-bp 5' untranslated regions (UTR), an 1137-bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 328-bp 3' UTR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF of STING from these three camelids indicate high level of similarity among camelids and conservation of critical amino acid residues across different species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed high levels of STING mRNA expression in blood, spleen, lymph node and lung. The identification of camelid STING will help in better understanding of the role of this molecule in the innate immunity of the camelids and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Premraj
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Management of Scientific Centers, Department of the President's Affairs, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Huang Z, Chen X, Yu B, Chen D. Cloning and functional characterization of rat stimulator of interferon genes (STING) regulated by miR-24. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:414-420. [PMID: 22387590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), also known as MPYS/MITA/ERIS/TMEM173, is a recently discovered adaptor protein that functions downstream of RIG-I and upstream of TBK1 and plays an important role in type I interferon (IFN) production. Mammalian STINGs have been isolated from human, mouse, pig, cattle and chimpanzee. In this study, the rat STING cDNA was cloned by degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of 3'-cDNA ends (3'-RACE) strategies. The full-length cDNA of rat STING consists of 1615 bp with a 1140-bp open reading frame (ORF). The predicted protein is composed of 379 amino acids and contains 2 putative transmembrane domains. The amino acid similarities between the STING from rat and other mammals range from 68% to 82%. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that rat STING mRNA was most abundant in the spleen, pancreas and lymph node. Overexpression of rat STING led to upregulation of IFN-β mRNA expression in IEC-6 cells. Rat STING mRNA was up-regulated when IEC-6 cells were transfected with poly (I:C). In addition, a miR-24 binding site in the 3'UTR of rat STING was identified. We also found that endogenous STING could be regulated post-transcriptionally by miR-24 in IEC-6 cells. These results are of importance to reveal the biological function of STING in rat animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province and China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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