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Qiu YJ, Tang J, Saito T. A novel bio-active adhesive monomer induces odontoblast differentiation: a comparative study. Int Endod J 2021; 53:1413-1429. [PMID: 33460206 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate (4-MET), on the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells, comparing with 4-MET, calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY Rat odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum. The powder of four tested materials (CMET, 4-MET, CH and MTA) was first dissolved in distilled water (dH2O) and then was diluted by DMEM to yield final concentrations. Solvent (dH2O) was used as a control. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of odontogenic markers, cytokines and integrins. Mineralization inducing capacity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and alizarin red S staining. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's HSD test, with the significance level at 1%. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly greater in the CMET- (83 to 828 mmol L-1), CH- and MTA-treated (low concentrations) groups than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Higher concentrations of each material decreased the viable cells to different extents (P < 0.01). CMET treatment augmented the expression of several integrin subunits and exhibited the highest mRNA expression levels of odontogenic markers among all groups (P < 0.01). CH and MTA treatment caused significantly greater upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression than the other groups (P < 0.01). The calcific deposition of MDPC-23 cells was dose-dependently accelerated by the addition of CMET (P < 0.01); the enhancement of mineralization was also found in the fresh prepared CH and MTA treatments. Besides, CMET showed consistency in mineralization induction after 8 weeks storage. Exposure to SB202190, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor, significantly decreased the ALPase activity as well as the mineral deposition which was enhanced by CMET treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel bio-active monomer had the lowest cytotoxicity among all groups and it induced the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells under appropriate concentrations. This adhesive monomer possesses excellent biocompatibility and hence exhibits great potential in dentine regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Qiu
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Marcelin G, Silveira ALM, Martins LB, Ferreira AV, Clément K. Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4032-4040. [PMID: 31498150 DOI: 10.1172/jci129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity originates from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure that promotes adipose tissue expansion, which is necessary to buffer nutrient excess. Patients with higher visceral fat mass are at a higher risk of developing severe complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and liver diseases. However, increased fat mass does not fully explain obesity's propensity to promote metabolic diseases. With chronic obesity, adipose tissue undergoes major remodeling, which can ultimately result in unresolved chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis accumulation. These features drive local tissue damage and initiate and/or maintain multiorgan dysfunction. Here, we review the current understanding of adipose tissue remodeling with a focus on obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its relevance to clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Letícia M Silveira
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Vm Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-inflammatory Properties of Aliphatic Alpha, Beta-unsaturated Acid and Ester Monomers in RAW264.7 Cells and Their Chemical Reactivity. In Vivo 2019; 33:313-323. [PMID: 30804108 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM α,β-Unsaturated ester monomers such as methyl methacrylates (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylates (2-HEMA), ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimetacrylate (TEGDMA) have been widely used in dentistry as dental materials. The present study was designed to clarify the proinflammatory activity of monomers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of the monomers and their effects on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1) mRNAs in RAW264.7 cells were determined using a cell counting kit and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The cytotoxicity declined in the order n-butyl acrylate (nBA) > acrylic acid > TEGDMA > EGDMA > methacrylic acid ≈ 2-HEMA > lauryl methacrylate > nBMA > MMA. nBA and EGDMA at 1 mM up-regulated the expression of Cox2 mRNA. In contrast, 1 mM nBA and 10 mM 2-HEMA up-regulated the expression of Nos2 mRNA. Up-regulation of Ho-1 mRNA expression was found for 0.1 mM nBA, 1 mM EGDMA and 2 mM TEGDMA. The electrophilicity, ω was calculated on the basis of the density function theory BLYP/6-31G*. CONCLUSION nBA and EGDMA with high ω values exerted potent pro-inflammatory activities. nBA, EGDMA and TEGDMA upregulated Ho-1 gene expression. Ho-1 gene activation of monomers may promote resistance of chemical carcinogenesis in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cinnamates, Acrylates and Methacrylates Against RAW264.7 Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1309-1322. [PMID: 30348683 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to various systemic age-related conditions. It is known that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as dietary cinnamates (β-phenyl acrylates) and related (meth)acrylates can have various positive and negative health effects, including cytotoxicity, allergic activity, pro-and anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without a phenolic group in the context of periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, we investigated the cytotoxicity and up-regulatory/down-regulatory effect of three trans-cinnamates (trans-cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamaldehyde), two acrylates (ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), and three methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) using RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and mRNA expression was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of expression of mRNAs for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1). RESULTS The most cytotoxic compound was 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, followed by ethyl acrylate and cinnamaldehyde (50% lethal cytotoxic concentration, LC50=0.2-0.5 mM). Cox2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by cinnamaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, particularly by the former. In contrast, the up-regulatory effect on Nos2 mRNA expression was in the order: cinnamaldehyde >> ethyl acrylate ≈ triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate >> methyl methacrylate ≈ methyl cinnamate. On the other hand, cinnamic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate had no effect on gene expression. The two acrylates, but not cinnamates and methacrylates, up-regulated the expression of Ho1 mRNA at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 0.1 mM. Expression of Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa mRNAs induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was greatly suppressed by cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and the two acrylates at 0.1 mM (p<0.05), and slightly, but significantly suppressed by cinnamic acid and methacrylates at 0.1-1 mM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde and acrylates exhibited both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, possibly due to their marked ability to act as Michael reaction acceptors, as estimated from the beta-carbon 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Methyl cinnamate exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with less cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory activity, suggesting that this compound may be useful for treatment of periodontal disease and related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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Hu K, Schmidt NW, Zhu R, Jiang Y, Lai GH, Wei G, Palermo EF, Kuroda K, Wong GCL, Yang L. A critical evaluation of random copolymer mimesis of homogeneous antimicrobial peptides. Macromolecules 2013; 46:1908-1915. [PMID: 23750051 PMCID: PMC3671498 DOI: 10.1021/ma302577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) have recently demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity as natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from innate immunity. This is surprising, since polymeric SMAMPs are heterogeneous in terms of chemical structure (random sequence) and conformation (random coil), in contrast to defined amino acid sequence and intrinsic secondary structure. To understand this better, we compare AMPs with a 'minimal' mimic, a well characterized family of polydisperse cationic methacrylate-based random copolymer SMAMPs. Specifically, we focus on a comparison between the quantifiable membrane curvature generating capacity, charge density, and hydrophobicity of the polymeric SMAMPs and AMPs. Synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) results indicate that typical AMPs and these methacrylate SMAMPs generate similar amounts of membrane negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), which is topologically necessary for a variety of membrane-destabilizing processes. Moreover, the curvature generating ability of SMAMPs is more tolerant of changes in the lipid composition than that of natural AMPs with similar chemical groups, consistent with the lower specificity of SMAMPs. We find that, although the amount of NGC generated by these SMAMPs and AMPs are similar, the SMAMPs require significantly higher levels of hydrophobicity and cationic charge to achieve the same level of membrane deformation. We propose an explanation for these differences, which has implications for new synthetic strategies aimed at improved mimesis of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ghee Hwee Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Gang Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 China
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Fujisawa S, Kadoma Y. Relationships between base-catalyzed hydrolysis rates or glutathione reactivity for acrylates and methacrylates and their NMR spectra or heat of formation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5789-5800. [PMID: 22754331 PMCID: PMC3382811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMR chemical shift, i.e., the π-electron density of the double bond, of acrylates and methacrylates is related to the reactivity of their monomers. We investigated quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) between the base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constants (k1) or the rate constant with glutathione (GSH) (log k(GSH)) for acrylates and methacrylates and the (13)C NMR chemical shifts of their α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups (δC(α) and δC(β)) or heat of formation (Hf) calculated by the semi-empirical MO method. Reported data for the independent variables were employed. A significant linear relationship between k1 and δC(β), but not δC(α), was obtained for methacrylates (r(2) = 0.93), but not for acrylates. Also, a significant relationship between k1 and Hf was obtained for both acrylates and methacrylates (r(2) = 0.89). By contrast, log k(GSH) for acrylates and methacrylates was linearly related to their δC(β) (r(2) = 0.99), but not to Hf. These findings indicate that the (13)C NMR chemical shifts and calculated Hf values for acrylates and methacrylates could be valuable for estimating the hydrolysis rate constants and GSH reactivity of these compounds. Also, these data for monomers may be an important tool for examining mechanisms of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yoshinori Kadoma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-3-5280-8030; Fax: +81-3-5280-8005
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