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Cao XM, Li SL, Cao YQ, Lv YH, Wang YX, Yu B, Yao C. A comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in rostral and caudal regions after spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2267-2271. [PMID: 35259848 PMCID: PMC9083160 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade, which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells. It is crucial to explore the molecular and biological process alterations that occur after SCI for therapy development. The differences between the rostral and caudal regions around an SCI lesion have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between rostral and caudal sites after injury to determine the biological processes in these two segments after SCI. We identified a set of differentially expressed genes, including Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1, between rostral and caudal regions at different time points following SCI. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in response to mechanical stimulus, blood vessel development, and brain development. We then chose Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1 for quantitative real-time PCR and Fn1 for immunostaining validation. Our results indicate alterations in different biological events enriched in the rostral and caudal lesion areas, providing new insights into the pathology of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhao YZ, Jiang X, Lin Q, Xu HL, Huang YD, Lu CT, Cai J. Thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer hydrogels enhance the effects of GDNF on neuronal circuit remodeling and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2816-2829. [PMID: 28593744 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paraplegia or quadriplegia, and currently, therapeutic interventions for axonal regeneration after SCI are not clinically available. Animal studies have revealed that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays multiple beneficial roles in neuroprotection, glial scarring remodeling, axon regeneration and remyelination in SCI. However, the poor physicochemical stability of GDNF, as well as its limited ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier, hampers the development of GDNF as an effective therapeutic intervention in clinical practice. In this study, a novel temperature-sensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel with high GDNF-binding affinity was developed. HP hydrogels showed a supporting scaffold for GDNF when it was injected into the lesion epicenter after SCI. GDNF-HP by orthotopic injection on lesioned spinal cord promoted the beneficial effects of GDNF on neural stem cell proliferation, reactive astrogliosis inhibition, axonal regeneration or plasticity, neuroprotection against cell apoptosis, and body functional recovery. Most interestingly, GDNF demonstrated a bidirectional regulation of autophagy, which inhibited cell apoptosis at different stages of SCI. Furthermore, the HP hydrogel promoted the inhibition of autophagy-induced apoptosis by GDNF in SCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2816-2829, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Zhejiang, 315104, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - He-Lin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Dong Huang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often represents a condition of permanent neurologic deficit. It has been possible to understand and delineate the mechanisms contributing to loss of function following primary injury. The clinicians might hope to improve the outcome in SCI injury by designing treatment strategies that could target these secondary mechanisms of response to injury. However, the approaches like molecular targeting of the neurons or surgical interventions have yielded very limited success till date. In recent times, a great thrust is put on to the cellular transplantation mode of treatment strategies to combat SCI problems so as to gain maximum functional recovery. In this review, we discuss about the various cellular transplantation strategies that could be employed in the treatment of SCI. The success of such cellular approaches involving Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, peripheral nerve, embryonic CNS tissue and activated macrophage has been supported by a number of reports and has been detailed here. Many of these cell transplantation strategies have reached the clinical trial stages. Also, the evolving field of stem cell therapy has made it possible to contemplate the role of both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to stimulate the differentiation of neurons when transplanted in SCI models. Moreover, the roles of tissue engineering techniques and synthetic biomaterials have also been explained with their beneficial and deleterious effects. Many of these cell-based therapeutic approaches have been able to cause only a little change in recovery and a combinatorial approach involving more than one strategy are now being tried out to successfully treat SCI and improve functional recovery.
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HDAC6 Regulates the Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy to Prevent Oxidative Damage in Injured Neurons after Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7263736. [PMID: 26649145 PMCID: PMC4663006 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7263736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia- (HI-) induced oxidative stress plays a role in secondary pathocellular processes of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) due to HI from many kinds of mechanical trauma. Increasing evidence suggests that the histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) plays an important role in cell homeostasis in both physiological and abnormal, stressful, pathological conditions. This paper found that inhibition of HDAC6 accelerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis in response to the HI. Deficiency of HDAC6 hindered the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity to resistance of HI-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study provided the experimental evidence for the potential role of HDAC6 in the regulation of CMA by affecting HSP90 acetylation. Therefore, HDAC6 plays an important role in the function of CMA pathway under the HI stress induced by SCI and it may be a potential therapeutic target in acute SCI model.
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Rusmini M, Griseri P, Matera I, Pontarini E, Ravazzolo R, Mavilio D, Ceccherini I. Expression Variability and Function of the RET Gene in Adult Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:2027-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusmini
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Paola Griseri
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Ivana Matera
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Elena Pontarini
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Materno Infantile (DINOGMI); Università di Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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Ji W, Hu S, Zhou J, Wang G, Wang K, Zhang Y. Tissue engineering is a promising method for the repair of spinal cord injuries (Review). Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:523-528. [PMID: 24520240 PMCID: PMC3919911 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to a devastating and permanent loss of neurological function, which may place a great economic burden on the family of the patient and society. Methods for reducing the death of neuronal cells, inhibiting immune and inflammatory reactions, and promoting the growth of axons in order to build up synapses with the target cells are the focus of current research. Target cells are located in the damaged spinal cord which create a connect with the scaffold. As tissue engineering technology is developed for use in a variety of different areas, particularly the biomedical field, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of tissue engineering is important. This review establishes how this technology may be used in basic experiments with regard to SCI and considers its potential future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Ji
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China ; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Shouye Hu
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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