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Gul S, Khan A, Raza A, Khan I, Ehtisham S. Association of XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphism with susceptibility and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer in Pakistani population: a case-control pharmacogenetic study. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1389-1398. [PMID: 33025549 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism may modulate inter-individual variation in repair capacity of DNA, which may enhance a person's susceptibility to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). The analysis of XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism may provide important information for identifying high-risk individuals and for selecting the most appropriate treatment for poor prognostic CRC patients. OBJECTIVE The overall objective was to find out the association of XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphism with the risk of having a colorectal cancer and the ultimate clinical outcomes. In this study a total of 300 subjects (CRC and Controls), were genotyped for XPD Lys751Gln. METHODS Using PCR-RFLP methods, the association of XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphism with the risk of having a colorectal cancer was studied. In addition to overall risk assessment, genotyping results were also investigated with respect to the lifestyle risk factors, patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS The overall correlation between the XPD Lys751Gln genetic variation and the CRC risk was observed to be significant with both the homozygous variant genotype Gln/Gln as well as heterozygous genotype Lys/Gln being associated with the increased risk of CRC. Additional stratified analyses revealed that XPD Lys751Gln variants remarkably increased risk of CRC in males and younger individuals (≤ 50 years), Naswar users (8.09-fold) and high intake of red meat. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the relationship between the XPD Lys751Gln variants and lifestyle factors modulates the risk for CRC in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Gul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23340, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23340, Pakistan.
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23340, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Ehtisham
- Department of Statistics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
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Jian J, Li S, Liu LZ, Zhen L, Yao L, Gan LH, Huang YQ, Fang N. XPD inhibits cell growth and invasion and enhances chemosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:201-210. [PMID: 32377720 PMCID: PMC7255471 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a lethal disease due to its high aggressiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) in the growth and invasion of ESCC and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression level of XPD in ESCC tissue samples and adjacent normal esophageal tissue samples. The pEGFP-N2/XPD plasmid was transfected into human ESCC cell lines (EC9706 and EC109). The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of EC9706 or EC109 cells were assessed following transfection with the XPD overexpression plasmid. The chemosensitivity of EC9706 or EC109 cells to cisplatin or fluorouracil was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the expression level of XPD was markedly lower in ESCC tissue samples than in adjacent normal esophageal tissue samples. The pEGFP-N2/XPD plasmid was successfully transfected into EC9706 or EC109 cells, inducing XPD overexpression. A High XPD expression markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased the apoptotic rate of EC9706 and EC109 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of XPD significantly increased the chemosensitivity of EC9706 and EC109 cells to cisplatin or fluorouracil. Following XPD overexpression, the expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were markedly downregulated, while the expression level of p21 was markedly upregulated. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that XPD inhibits the growth and invasion of EC9706 and EC109 cells, whilst also enhancing the chemosensitivity of EC9706 and EC109 cells to cisplatin or fluorouracil by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. XPD may thus be an underlying target for ESCC treatment and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Nian Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
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Palmirotta R, Carella C, Silvestris E, Cives M, Stucci SL, Tucci M, Lovero D, Silvestris F. SNPs in predicting clinical efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy: walking through the quicksand. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25355-25382. [PMID: 29861877 PMCID: PMC5982750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the "precision medicine" era, chemotherapy still remains the backbone for the treatment of many cancers, but no affordable predictors of response to the chemodrugs are available in clinical practice. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are gene sequence variations occurring in more than 1% of the full population, and account for approximately 80% of inter-individual genomic heterogeneity. A number of studies have investigated the predictive role of SNPs of genes enrolled in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics, but the clinical implementation of related results has been modest so far. Among the examined germline polymorphic variants, several SNPs of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) have shown a robust role as predictors of toxicity following fluoropyrimidine- and/or irinotecan-based treatments respectively, and a few guidelines are mandatory in their detection before therapy initiation. Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes. While formal recommendations for routine testing of these SNPs cannot be drawn at this moment, therapeutic decisions may indeed benefit of germline genomic information, when available. Here, we summarize the clinical impact of germline genomic variants on the efficacy and toxicity of major chemodrugs, with the aim to facilitate the therapeutic expectance of clinicians in the odiern quicksand field of complex molecular biology concepts and controversial trial data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Luigia Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Sameer AS, Nissar S. XPD-The Lynchpin of NER: Molecule, Gene, Polymorphisms, and Role in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:23. [PMID: 29616226 PMCID: PMC5869190 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals the bulky DNA adduct lesions known to result in deleterious phenotypes are acted upon and removed from the genomic DNA by nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. TFIIH multi-protein complex with its important helicase–Xeroderma Pigmentosum Protein (XPD) serves as the pivotal factor for opening up of the damaged lesion DNA site and carry out the repair process. The initial damage verification step of the TFIIH is in part dependent upon the helicase activity of XPD. Besides, XPD is also actively involved in the initiation steps of transcription and in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. In this review, we will be exploring the new insights in scientific research on the functioning of the NER pathway, the role of TFIIH as the central complex of NER, the pivotal helicase XPD as the lynchpin of NER and the effects of various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XPD on its functioning and their consequent role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saniya Nissar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kashmir University, Srinagar, India
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De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenomics of intrinsic and acquired pharmacoresistance in colorectal cancer: Toward targeted personalized therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:39-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Guo XF, Wang J, Lei XF, Zeng YP, Dong WG. XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. Intern Med 2015; 54:251-9. [PMID: 25748732 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Published data regarding the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms and esophageal cancer (EC) cancer remain controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to obtain a more precise estimation of the relationship between XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms and the risk of EC. METHODS All eligible case-control studies of Lys751Gln polymorphisms and susceptibility to EC were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI up to October 2013. The data were extracted, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 21 case-control studies from 19 reports were assessed in this meta-analysis, including 6,581 cases and 8,251 controls. There was a significant association between the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism and the risk of esophageal cancer in the overall population (Dominant model: OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.07-1.57, p<0.05; Lys/Gln vs. Gln/Gln: OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-137, p<0.05; Gln/Gln vs. Lys/Lys: OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.08-2.85, p=0.02; Recessive model: OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.06-2.07, p=0.02). Similar results were found when stratified according to the cancer type, ethnicity and control source. However, no associations were found among smokers or drinkers. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Sebio A, Lenz HJ. Clinical importance of recently discovered gene variants in colon cancer recurrence and prognosis. COLORECTAL CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Colorectal cancer survival has increased over the past few years, mainly due to the advances in the metastatic setting. Nonetheless, in the adjuvant scenario, minor improvements have been made, as the tumor's anatomopathological features remain to be most important factors for predicting the risk of recurrence and the prognosis. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis development, have laid the groundwork for the search of genetic biomarkers that can help identify patients at a higher risk of recurrence. Common germline variants in genes within molecular pathways responsible for cancer development and progression have proven to influence the probability of relapse and the patient's prognosis. Here, we systematically review the relevance of genetic variants as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sebio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Center for Molecular Pathways & Drug Discovery, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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