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Jin T, Zhan X, Pang L, Peng B, Zhang X, Zhu W, Yang B, Xia X. CpxAR two-component system contributes to virulence properties of Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104393. [PMID: 37919015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen which threaten susceptible hosts including infants. CpxA/CpxR, a regulatory two-component system (TSC), contributes to stress response and virulence in various Gram-negative pathogens, but its role in C. sakazakii has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we constructed CpxA, CpxR, CpxAR deletion and complementation strains. The mutants showed weakened bacterial adhesion to and invasion of HBMEC and Caco-2, reduced intracellular survival and replication of C. sakazakii within RAW264.7 macrophages, and decreased translocation of HBMEC and Caco-2 monolayers. Mutants demonstrated lower levels of tight junction proteins disruption and reduced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 monolayer compared to wild type strain. CpxAR TCS deletion mutants demonstrate attenuated virulence in newborn mice, which was evidenced by fewer bacterial cells loads in tissues and organs, lower levels of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfuction and milder damages in intestinal tissues. All these phenotypes were recovered in complemented strains. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that CpxAR TCS of C. sakazakii played roles in regulating the expression of several genes associated with bacterial virulence and cellular invasion. These findings indicate that CpxAR TCS is an important regulatory mechanism for virulence of C. sakazakii, which enrich our understanding of genetic determinants of pathogenicity of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liuxin Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Wenxiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China.
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2
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Mousavi ZE, Hunt K, Koolman L, Butler F, Fanning S. Cronobacter Species in the Built Food Production Environment: A Review on Persistence, Pathogenicity, Regulation and Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1379. [PMID: 37374881 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The powdered formula market is large and growing, with sales and manufacturing increasing by 120% between 2012 and 2021. With this growing market, there must come an increasing emphasis on maintaining a high standard of hygiene to ensure a safe product. In particular, Cronobacter species pose a risk to public health through their potential to cause severe illness in susceptible infants who consume contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Assessment of this risk is dependent on determining prevalence in PIF-producing factories, which can be challenging to measure with the heterogeneity observed in the design of built process facilities. There is also a potential risk of bacterial growth occurring during rehydration, given the observed persistence of Cronobacter in desiccated conditions. In addition, novel detection methods are emerging to effectively track and monitor Cronobacter species across the food chain. This review will explore the different vehicles that lead to Cronobacter species' environmental persistence in the food production environment, as well as their pathogenicity, detection methods and the regulatory framework surrounding PIF manufacturing that ensures a safe product for the global consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculties of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 6719418314, Iran
| | - Kevin Hunt
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonard Koolman
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francis Butler
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Liu J, Zhu W, Qin N, Ren X, Xia X. Propionate and Butyrate Inhibit Biofilm Formation of Salmonella Typhimurium Grown in Laboratory Media and Food Models. Foods 2022; 11:3493. [PMID: 36360105 PMCID: PMC9654251 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is among the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens, and biofilm formed by Salmonella poses a potential threat to food safety. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, have been demonstrated to exhibit a beneficial effect on promoting intestinal health and regulating the host immune system, but their anti-biofilm property has not been well studied. This study aims to investigate the effects of propionate or butyrate on the biofilm formation and certain virulence traits of Salmonella. We investigated the effect of propionate or butyrate on the biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) SL1344 grown in LB broth or food models (milk or chicken juice) by crystal violet staining methods. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced in LB broth and food models and the reduction was visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Biofilm metabolic activity was attenuated in the presence of propionate or butyrate. Meanwhile, both SCFAs decreased AI-2 quorum sensing based on reporter strain assay. Butyrate, not propionate, could effectively reduce bacterial motility. Bacterial adhesion to and invasion of Caco-2 cells were also significantly inhibited in the presence of both SCFAs. Finally, two SCFAs downregulated virulence genes related to biofilm formation and invasion through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These findings demonstrate the potential application of SCFAs in the mitigation of Salmonella biofilm in food systems, but future research mimicking food environments encountered during the food chain is necessitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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4
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Ling N, Zhang X, Forsythe S, Zhang D, Shen Y, Zhang J, Ding Y, Wang J, Wu Q, Ye Y. Bacteroides fragilis ameliorates Cronobacter malonaticus lipopolysaccharide-induced pathological injury through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931871. [PMID: 36211338 PMCID: PMC9536467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter has attracted considerable attention due to its association with meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns. Generally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facilitates bacterial translocation along with inflammatory responses as an endotoxin; however, the pathogenicity of Cronobacter LPS and the strategies to alleviate the toxicity were largely unknown. In this study, inflammatory responses were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of Cronobacter malonaticus LPS into Sprague–Dawley young rats. Simultaneously, Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343 were continuously fed through gavage for 5 days before or after injection of C. malonaticus LPS to evaluate the intervention effect of B. fragilis. We first checked the morphological changes of the ileum and colon and the intestinal microbiota and then detected the generation of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), occludin, claudin-4, and iNOs. The results indicated that C. malonaticus LPS exacerbated intestinal infection by altering gut microbe profile, tight junction protein expression, and releasing inflammatory factors in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, treatment with B. fragilis obviously diminished the pathological injuries and expression of TLR4 caused by C. malonaticus LPS while increasing gut microbes like Prevotella-9. We note that Shigella, Peptoclostridium, and Sutterella might be positively related to C. malonaticus LPS infection, but Prevotella-9 was negatively correlated. The results suggested that the intestinal microbiota is an important target for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic injuries induced by C. malonaticus LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingwang Ye, ; Qingping Wu,
| | - Yingwang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingwang Ye, ; Qingping Wu,
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5
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Liu H, Zhu W, Cao Y, Gao J, Jin T, Qin N, Xia X. Punicalagin inhibits biofilm formation and virulence gene expression of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Li W, You Q, Zeng X, Xu H. Silver nanoparticles reduce the tolerance of Cronobacter sakazakii to environmental stress by inhibiting expression of related genes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6469-6482. [PMID: 35840406 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a food-borne pathogen that is resistant to a variety of environmental stress conditions. It can survive in harsh environments. We studied the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the environmental tolerance and biofilm formation of C. sakazakii. First, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNP to C. sakazakii and determined the growth curve of C. sakazakii treated with different concentrations of AgNP by using the plate counting method. After determining the sub-inhibition concentrations (SIC) of AgNP on C. sakazakii, we studied the effects of AgNP on the resistance of C. sakazakii to heat, desiccation, osmotic pressure, and acid. The antibiofilm activity of AgNP was also studied. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the transcription levels of 16 genes related to the environmental tolerance of C. sakazakii. The SIC of AgNP significantly reduced the survival rate of C. sakazakii under various environmental stress conditions. The results showed that AgNP at 0.625 and 1.25 μg/mL significantly inhibited the formation of C. sakazakii biofilms. The expression levels of most genes were significantly downregulated in C. sakazakii cells treated with 0.625 and 1.25 μg/mL AgNP. Therefore, AgNP may reduce the environmental tolerance of C. sakazakii by inhibiting the expression of genes related to stress tolerance. Moreover, AgNP inhibited the production of ATP in C. sakazakii cells and the formation of C. sakazakii biofilms. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the application of AgNP in food packaging, bactericidal coatings, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Qixiu You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xianxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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7
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Antagonistic activity and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against Salmonella enteritidis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:126. [PMID: 35573802 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen. The use of antibiotics is a serious threat to animal and human health, owing to the existence of resistant strains and drug residues. Lactic acid bacteria, as a new alternative to antibiotics, has attracted much attention. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial potential and underlying mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against S. enteritidis ATCC13076. The results revealed that L. rhamnosus SQ511 significantly inhibited S. enteritidis ATCC13076 growth or even caused death. Laser confocal microscopic imaging revealed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. rhamnosus SQ511 elevated the reactive oxygen species level and bacterial membrane depolarization in S. enteritidis ATCC13076, leading to cell death. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS had severely deleterious effects on S. enteritidis ATCC13076, causing membrane destruction and the release of cellular materials. In addition, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS significantly reduced the expression of virulence, motility, adhesion, and invasion genes in S. enteritidis ATCC13076 (P < 0.05), and considerably inhibited motility and biofilm formation capacity (P < 0.05). Thus, antimicrobial compounds produced by L. rhamnosus SQ511 strongly inhibited S. enteritidis growth, mobility, biofilm formation, membrane disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation, and regulated virulence-related gene expressions, presenting promising applications as a probiotic agent.
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8
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Zhou A, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang X, Ou Z, Zhao L. Survival of viable but nonculturable Cronobacter sakazakii in macrophages contributes to infections. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105064. [PMID: 34171399 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), a pathogen that exists in dry and low-moisture environments, such as powder infant formula (PIF), can enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under harsh conditions, which enables it to escape traditional detection methods and thus poses a potential public health risk. This study aimed at assessing the virulent nature of VBNC C. sakazakii. Our results showed that VBNC C. sakazakii induced intestinal inflammation in neonatal rats. However, the degree of inflammation was significantly lower than that of culturable bacteria due to decreasing endotoxin production, motility, adhesion, and invasion ability in the VBNC state. From the perspective of bacterial translocation, the numbers of C. sakazakii in the blood, liver, and spleen of rats treated with VBNC cells were in the same order of magnitude as those treated with its culturable counterpart and may lead to the same degree of bacteremia. According to the macrophage survival assays, the survival rate of VBNC C. sakazakii within macrophages was 4.7 times higher than that of culturable cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that VBNC C. sakazakii evaded the host immune defense system, penetrated the tissue barrier, and translocated to the bloodstream, liver, and spleen through macrophages. Thus, our study reveals that VBNC C. sakazakii could be a potential risk for infants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhihua Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China.
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9
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Jin T, Guan N, Du Y, Zhang X, Li J, Xia X. Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 Translocated Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Endocytosis, Apoptosis Induction, and Disruption of Tight Junction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675020. [PMID: 34163451 PMCID: PMC8215149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is an emerging opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can cause neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis, sepsis in neonates and infants with a relatively high mortality rate. Bacterial transcytosis across the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) is vital for C. sakazakii to induce neonatal meningitis. However, few studies focus on the mechanisms by which C. sakazakii translocates HBMEC. In this study, the translocation processes of C. sakazakii on HBMEC were explored. C. sakazakii strains could effectively adhere to, invade and intracellularly survive in HBMEC. The strain ATCC 29544 exhibited the highest translocation efficiency across HBMEC monolayer among four tested strains. Bacteria-contained intracellular endosomes were detected in C. sakazakii-infected HBMEC by a transmission electron microscope. Endocytosis-related proteins CD44, Rab5, Rab7, and LAMP2 were increased after infection, while the level of Cathepsin L did not change. C. sakazakii induced TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway activation in HBMEC, with increased NO production and elevated mRNA levels of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2. C. sakazakii infection also caused LDH release, caspase-3 activation, and HBMEC apoptosis. Meanwhile, increased Dextran-FITC permeability and decreased trans epithelial electric resistance indicated that C. sakazakii disrupted tight junction of HBMEC monolayers, which was confirmed by the decreased levels of tight junction-related proteins ZO-1 and Occludin. These findings suggest that C. sakazakii induced intracellular bacterial endocytosis, stimulated inflammation and apoptosis, disrupted monolayer tight junction in HBMEC, which all together contribute to bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ning Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuhang Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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10
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Shi S, Cheng B, Gu B, Sheng T, Tu J, Shao Y, Qi K, Zhou D. Evaluation of the probiotic and functional potential of Lactobacillus agilis 32 isolated from pig manure. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:9-19. [PMID: 33098675 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a symbiotic bacterium in humans and animals and an important pathogen of humans and animals. Prevention and suppression of E. coli infection is of great concern. In this study, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus agilis 32 from pig manure and evaluated its biological characteristics, and found that its bacterial survival rate was 25% after 4 h of treatment at pH 2, and under the condition of 0·5% bile concentration, its survival rate exceeds 30%. In addition, L. agilis 32 has a cell surface hydrophobicity of 77·8%, and exhibits 67·1% auto-aggregation and 63·2% aggregation with Enterotoxigenic E. coli 10 (ETEC 10). FITC fluorescence labelling showed that the fluorescence intensity of cecum was significantly higher than that of duodenum, jejunum or colon (P < 0·05), but no significant difference from ileum. Lactobacillus agilis 32 bacterial culture and CFS showed average inhibition zone diameters of 14·2 and 15·4 mm respectively. Lactobacillus agilis 32 CFS treatment can significantly reduce the pathogenicity of ETEC 10. These results show that L. agilis 32 is an active and potential probiotic, and it has a good antibacterial effect on ETEC10, which provides basic research for probiotics to prevent and treat intestinal diarrhoea pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, P. R. China
| | - B Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - B Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - T Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - J Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Y Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - K Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - D Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, P. R. China
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11
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Cetin‐Karaca H, Morgan MC. Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, chitosan and high pressure processing against
Cronobacter sakazakii
in infant formula. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Cetin‐Karaca
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Melissa C. Morgan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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12
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Sharma G, Dang S, K A, Kalia M, Gabrani R. Synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of nisin like bacteriocin with curcumin and cinnamaldehyde against ESBL and MBL producing clinical strains. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:710-724. [PMID: 32772715 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1804553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are small peptides that can inhibit the growth of a diverse range of microbes. There is a need to identify bacteriocins that are effective against biofilms of resistant clinical strains. The present study focussed on the efficacy of purified nisin like bacteriocin-GAM217 against extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing clinical strains. Bacteriocin-GAM217 when combined with curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, synergistically enhanced antibacterial activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Bacteriocin-GAM217 and phytochemical combinations inhibited biofilm formation by >80%, and disrupted the biofilm for selected ESBL and MBL producing clinical strains. The anti-adhesion assay showed that these combinatorial compounds significantly lowered the attachment of bacteria to Vero cells and that they elicited membrane permeability and rapid killing as viewed by confocal microscopy. This study demonstrates that bacteriocin-GAM217 in combination with phytochemicals can be a potential anti-biofilm agent and thus has potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Aruna K
- Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Reema Gabrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang K, Li Z, Guo T, Wu T, Hou X, Feng N. Co-hybridized composite nanovesicles for enhanced transdermal eugenol and cinnamaldehyde delivery and their potential efficacy in ulcerative colitis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102212. [PMID: 32334099 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous absorption of drugs can be enhanced by ethosomes, which are nanocarriers with excellent deformability and drug-loading properties. However, the ethanol within ethosomes increases phospholipid membrane fluidity and permeability, leading to drug leakage during storage. Here, we developed and characterized a new phospholipid nanovesicles that is co-hybridized with hyaluronic acid (HA), ethanol and the encapsulated volatile oil medicines (eugenol and cinnamaldehyde [EUG/CAH]) for transdermal administration. In comparison with EUG/CAH-loaded ethosomes (ES), the formulation stability and percutaneous drug absorption of EUG/CAH-loaded HA-immobilized ethosomes (HA-ES) were significantly improved. After transdermal administration of HA-ES, the interstitial cells of Cajal in the colon of rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonate-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) were significantly increased, and the stem cell factor/c-kit signaling pathway was partly repaired. Overall, HA-ES possesses excellent deformability and showed improved efficacy against UC compared with ES, which is demonstrated as a promising transdermal delivery vehicle for volatile oil medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Effect of thymoquinone on the resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii to environmental stresses and antibiotics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Yuan M, Peng LY, Wu SC, Li JH, Song K, Chen S, Huang JN, Yu JL, An Q, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Fu BD. Schizandrin attenuates inflammation induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chicken type II pneumocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106313. [PMID: 32070918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a kind of highly pathogenic parenteral bacteria, which adheres to chicken type II pneumocytes through pili, causing inflammatory damage of chicken type II pneumocytes. Without affecting the growth of bacteria, anti-adhesion to achieve anti-inflammatory effect is considered to be a new method for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, the anti-APEC activity of schizandrin was studied in vitro. By establishing the model of chicken type II pneumocytes infected with APEC-O78, the adhesion number, the expression of virulence genes, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were detected. The results showed that schizandrin reduced the release of LDH and the adherence of APEC on chicken type II pneumocytes. Moreover, schizandrin markedly decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α, the mechanism responsible for these effects was attributed to the inhibitory effect of schizandrin on NF-κB and MAPK signaling activation. In conclusion, our findings revealed that schizandrin could reduce the inflammatory injury of chicken type II pneumocytes by reducing the adhesion of APEC-O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes. The results indicate that schizandrin can be a potential agent to treat inflammation caused by avian colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing-He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jiang-Ni Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Qiang An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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16
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Yang G, Jin T, Yin S, Guo D, Zhang C, Xia X, Shi C. trans-Cinnamaldehyde mitigated intestinal inflammation induced by Cronobacter sakazakii in newborn mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:2986-2996. [PMID: 31074758 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease associated with a high mortality (40-60%) in newborn infants. Cronobacter sakazakii is an important factor for NEC. However, studies regarding NEC pathogenesis and therapeutic treatments are still limited. Here, a C. sakazakii-induced mouse neonatal intestinal inflammation model was employed to determine the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on infections. TC treatment reduced the number of C. sakazakii colony-forming units in the ileal tissues and mitigated the morphological damage in intestinal tissues. Additionally, it reduced the mRNA transcription of inflammatory genes and production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mice infected with C. sakazakii. Moreover, TC treatment suppressed caspase-3 activity, modulated enterocyte apoptosis, and inhibited the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway activation induced by C. sakazakii. These findings suggest that TC has protective effects on C. sakazakii-induced murine intestinal inflammation and that it may be a potential agent for preventing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoji Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China.
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17
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Shi S, Qi Z, Sheng T, Tu J, Shao Y, Qi K. Antagonistic trait of Lactobacillus reuteri S5 against Salmonella enteritidis and assessment of its potential probiotic characteristics. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103773. [PMID: 31604155 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is an important foodborne pathogen that has caused multiple outbreaks of infection associated with poultry and egg consumption. Thus, the prevention and inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis infection are of great concern. Lactic acid bacteria have anti-pathogenic activity; however, their underlying mechanisms and modes of action have not yet been clarified. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of Lactobacillus reuteri S5 (L. reuteri S5) against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076 (S. enteritidis ATCC13076) was studied by different methods. We found that L. reuteri S5 was able to form a stable biofilm formation, colonizing the entire intestinal tract of chickens. In addition, bacterial cultures and the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. reuteri S5 inhibited SE ATCC13076 growth, and this growth inhibition was also observed in the co-culture assay. This effect may be predominantly caused by antimicrobial metabolites produced by L. reuteri S5. Furthermore, treatment with the CFS of L. reuteri S5 resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of Salmonella virulence, motility and adhesion genes and a significant reduction in the motility ability and inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. In addition, the damage to the membrane structure and intracellular structure induced by the CFS of L. reuteri S5 could be observed on Transmission electron microscopy images and dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt (SDS)-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the disruptive action of the CFS of L. reuteri S5 on the cytoplasmic membrane. Our findings demonstrate that L. reuteri S5, an intestinal Lactobacillus species associated with chicken health, is able to form biofilm and stably colonize chicken intestines. It also possesses anti-SE activity, preventing SE growth, inhibits the expression of SE genes involved in adhesion and invasion, virulence and cell membrane integrity, inhibits SE biofilm formation and motility, damages or destroys bacterial structures, and inhibits intracellular protein synthesis. L. reuteri S5 therefore has potential applications as a probiotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Zhao Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Tingting Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Yin Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
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18
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Sun Y, Guo D, Hua Z, Sun H, Zheng Z, Xia X, Shi C. Attenuation of Multiple Vibrio parahaemolyticus Virulence Factors by Citral. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:894. [PMID: 31073298 PMCID: PMC6495081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Citral was known as a widely used food additive with antimicrobial activity; however, whether it can be a potential therapy for controlling bacterial virulence with less risk of antimicrobial resistance remains to be investigated. Herein, we demonstrated that Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors that contribute to infection were effectively inhibited to different degrees by sub-inhibitory concentrations (3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 μg/ml) of citral. Citral exerted strong inhibition of autoinducer-2 production and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus was effectively decreased by citral at 30°C and 20°C. Moreover, citral repressed the transcription of genes related to flagella biosynthesis, biofilm formation, type III secretion effectors, and antibiotic resistance, as well as genes contributing to the regulation of quorum sensing and toxin production. Therefore, citral could effectively attenuate multiple virulence properties of V. parahaemolyticus, and its effect on in vivo infection by V. parahaemolyticus needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zi Hua
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhanwen Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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19
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Vasconcelos N, Croda J, Simionatto S. Antibacterial mechanisms of cinnamon and its constituents: A review. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Dorri M, Hashemitabar S, Hosseinzadeh H. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 41:338-351. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1417995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Dorri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Hashemitabar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Shi C, Yan C, Sui Y, Sun Y, Guo D, Chen Y, Jin T, Peng X, Ma L, Xia X. Thymoquinone Inhibits Virulence Related Traits of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 and Has Anti-biofilm Formation Potential. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2220. [PMID: 29234307 PMCID: PMC5712421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether thymoquinone, the principal active ingredient in the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds, could suppress certain virulence traits of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 which contribute to infection. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of thymoquinone significantly decreased motility, quorum sensing, and endotoxin production of C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 and biofilm formation of C. sakazakii 7-17. Thymoquinone substantially reduced the adhesion and invasion of C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 to HT-29 cells and decreased the number of intracellular bacterial cells within the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Thymoquinone also repressed the transcription of sixteen genes involved in the virulence. These findings suggest that thymoquinone could attenuated virulence-related traits of C. sakazakii ATCC 29544, and its effects on other C. sakazakii strains and in vivo C. sakazakii infection need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Xi'An Yurun Agricultural Products Global Sourcing Co., LTD., Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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22
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Muyyarikkandy MS, Amalaradjou MA. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei Attenuate Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization and Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2381. [PMID: 29120368 PMCID: PMC5713350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks associated with the consumption of poultry meat and eggs. Salmonella colonization in chicken is characterized by initial attachment to the cecal epithelial cells (CEC) followed by dissemination to the liver, spleen, and oviduct. Since cecal colonization is critical to Salmonella transmission along the food chain continuum, reducing this intestinal association could potentially decrease poultry meat and egg contamination. Hence, this study investigated the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbreuckii sub species bulgaricus (NRRL B548; LD), Lactobacillus paracasei (DUP-13076; LP), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B442; LR) in reducing SE, ST, and SH colonization in CEC and survival in chicken macrophages. Additionally, their effect on expression of Salmonella virulence genes essential for cecal colonization and survival in macrophages was evaluated. All three probiotics significantly reduced Salmonella adhesion and invasion in CEC and survival in chicken macrophages (p < 0.05). Further, the probiotic treatment led to a significant reduction in Salmonella virulence gene expression (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that LD, LP, and LR could potentially be used to control SE, ST, and SH colonization in chicken. However, these observations warrant further in vivo validation.
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23
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Fakruddin M, Rahaman MM, Hossain MN, Ahmed MM. Induction and Resuscitation of Cronobacter sakazakii into Viable but Non-culturable State at Low Temperature in Water Microcosm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2017.64.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii Virulence Factors by Citral. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43243. [PMID: 28233814 PMCID: PMC5324112 DOI: 10.1038/srep43243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen associated with fatal forms of necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis and sepsis in neonates and infants. The aim of this study was to determine whether citral, a major component of lemongrass oil, could suppress putative virulence factors of C. sakazakii that contribute to infection. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of citral significantly decreased motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and endotoxin production. Citral substantially reduced the adhesion and invasion of C. sakazakii to Caco-2 cells and decreased bacterial survival and replication within the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Citral also repressed the expression of eighteen genes involved in the virulence. These findings suggest that citral has potential to be developed as an alternative or supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by C. sakazakii.
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25
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Ferro TAF, Araújo JMM, Dos Santos Pinto BL, Dos Santos JS, Souza EB, da Silva BLR, Colares VLP, Novais TMG, Filho CMB, Struve C, Calixto JB, Monteiro-Neto V, da Silva LCN, Fernandes ES. Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Protects against Infection in a Galleria mellonella Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2052. [PMID: 28066373 PMCID: PMC5174152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. Cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. However, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, especially when tested at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Herein, we show for the first time that cinnamaldehyde is bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis multidrug resistant strains and does not promote bacterial tolerance. Cinnamaldehyde actions were stronger on S. aureus as it was able to inhibit its hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and reduce its adherence to latex. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde enhanced the serum-dependent lysis of S. aureus. In vivo testing of cinnamaldehyde in Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus, showed this compound improves larvae survival whilst diminishing bacterial load in their hemolymph. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde may represent an alternative therapy to control S. aureus-induced bacterial infections as it presents the ability to reduce bacterial virulence/survival without promoting an adaptive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliene B Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMA São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Estudos Pré-clínicos Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil; Universidade Federal do MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
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26
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Du XJ, Zhang X, Li P, Xue R, Wang S. Screening of genes involved in interactions with intestinal epithelial cells in Cronobacter sakazakii. AMB Express 2016; 6:74. [PMID: 27637944 PMCID: PMC5023641 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii possesses a significant ability to adhere to and invade epithelial cells in its host. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. In the current study, the adhesive and invasive capabilities of 56 C. sakazakii strains against human epithelial cells were evaluated, and one of them was selected for construction of a mutant library using the Tn5 transposon. In a systematic analysis of the adhesive and invasive capabilities of 1084 mutants, 10 mutants that showed more than a 50 % reduction in adhesion or invasion were obtained. Tail-PCR was used to sequence the flanking regions of the inserted transposon and 8 different genes (in 10 different mutants) were identified that encoded an exonuclease subunit, a sugar transporter, a transcriptional regulator, two flagellar biosynthesis proteins, and three hypothetical proteins. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze variations in the biochemical components of the mutants, and the results showed that there were fewer amide III proteins, protein -CH deformations, nucleic acids and tyrosines and more phenylalanine, carotenes, and fatty acids in the mutants than in the wild type strain. Real-time PCR was used to further confirm the involvement of the genes in the adhesive and invasive abilities of C. sakazakii, and the results indicated that the expression levels of the 8 identified genes were upregulated 1.2- to 11.2-fold. The results of this study provide us with insight into the mechanism by which C. sakazakii infects host cells at molecular level.
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