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Shirvanian K, Vali R, Farkhondeh T, Abderam A, Aschner M, Samarghandian S. Genistein Effects on Various Human Disorders Mediated via Nrf2 Signaling. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:40-50. [PMID: 36443970 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221128162753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is a flavonoid, mostly found in soybean extract and is widely used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Genistein can interact with estrogen receptors due to its structural similarities to estrogen. It also inhibits protein tyrosine kinases and affects a variety of intracellular signal transductions. Genistein attenuates oxidative stress via diverse cellular mechanisms. However, nuclear factor (erythroidderived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the main antioxidant regulator, potentiates genistein's antioxidant effects and reduces cell damage. Nrf2 includes of seven domains and controls the expression of the phase II antioxidant enzymes to decrease oxidative stress. In this review, we address findings related to Nrf2 signaling pathways in the context of genistein's effects on diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Shirvanian
- School of Biology, College of science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Vali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Abderam
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Sharma A, Sharma C, Shah OP, Chigurupati S, Ashokan B, Meerasa SS, Rashid S, Behl T, Bungau SG. Understanding the mechanistic potential of plant based phytochemicals in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114850. [PMID: 37172332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, an epidemic disorder is defined as a loss in bone mineral density and a greater possibility of fractures in older women. It is a multifactorial disease under the control of various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Insufficiency of estrogen hormone, leads to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), despite being the most effective treatment, it is associated with the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This review seeks to compile the most recent information on medicinal plants and natural compounds used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, the origin, chemical constituents and the molecular mechanisms responsible for this therapeutic and preventive effect are also discussed. Literature research was conducted using PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Different plant extracts and pure compounds exerts their antiosteoporotic activity by inhibition of RANKL and upregulation of OPG. RANKL signaling regulates osteoclast formation, characterized by increased bone turnover and osteoprotegrin is a decoy receptor for RANKL thereby preventing bone loss from excessive resorption. In addition, this review also includes the chemical structure of bioactive compounds acting on NFκB, TNF α, RUNX2. In conclusion, we propose that postmenopausal osteoporosis could be prevented or treated with herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Chakshu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Om Praksah Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - Bhaskaran Ashokan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15526, Saudi Arabia
| | - Semmal Syed Meerasa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15526, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
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Dong Z, Yang J, Tian M, Wang X, Qin X, Huang Q, Wang J. Mechanism of Bile‐Processed Coptidis Rhizoma to Treat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Maoying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- College of Ethnic Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Wang H, Cao X, Guo J, Yang X, Sun X, Fu Z, Qin A, Wu Y, Zhao J. BNTA alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by the SOD mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effect on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939929. [PMID: 36249770 PMCID: PMC9559729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation and overproliferation of osteoclast in inflammatory bone diseases lead to osteolysis and bone mass loss. Although current pharmacological treatments have made extensive advances, limitations still exist. N-[2-bromo-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-thienyl]-2-chlorobenzamide (BNTA) is an artificially synthesized molecule compound that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we presented that BNTA can suppress intracellular ROS levels through increasing ROS scavenging enzymes SOD1 and SOD2, subsequently attenuating the MARK signaling pathway and the transcription of NFATc1, leading to the inhibition of osteoclast formation and osteolytic resorption. Moreover, the results also showed an obvious restrained effect of BNTA on RANKL-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, which indirectly mediated osteoclastogenesis. In line with the in vitro results, BNTA protected LPS-induced severe bone loss in vivo by enhancing scavenging enzymes, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, and decreasing osteoclast formation. Taken together, all of the results demonstrate that BNTA effectively represses oxidation, regulates inflammatory activity, and inhibits osteolytic bone resorption, and it may be a potential and exploitable drug to prevent inflammatory osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yujie Wu
- *Correspondence: Yujie Wu, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- *Correspondence: Yujie Wu, ; Jie Zhao,
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Wu Z, Liu L. The protective activity of genistein against bone and cartilage diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1016981. [PMID: 36160403 PMCID: PMC9492956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1016981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a natural isoflavone rich in soybean and leguminous plants, has been shown various biological effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and bone/cartilage protection. Due to the structural similarity to estrogen, genistein exhibits estrogen-like activity in protecting against osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, genistein has been considered as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, which has been found to be dysregulated in the pathological development of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Many signaling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB, and NRF2/HO-1, are involved in the regulatory activity of genistein in protecting against bone and cartilage diseases. The potential molecular mechanisms of genistein in therapeutic management of bone and cartilage diseases have been investigated, but remain to be fully understood. In this article, we mainly discuss the current knowledge of genistein in protecting against bone and cartilage diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyu Wu,
| | - Luying Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Kushwaha AC, Mohanbhai SJ, Sardoiwala MN, Jaganathan M, Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S. Nanoemulsified Genistein and Vitamin D Mediated Epigenetic Regulation to Inhibit Osteoporosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3810-3818. [PMID: 36005299 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance in the bone remodeling process with more bone resorption by osteoclasts compared to bone formation by osteoblasts results in a metabolic bone disorder known as osteoporosis. This condition reduces the bone mineral density and increases the risk of fractures due to low bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture. Osteoclastogenesis increases when the receptor activator NFκB ligand (RANKL) on the osteoblast surface binds to the receptor activator NFκB (RANK) on the osteoclast surface and the function of the decoy receptor of RANKL, osteoprotegrin, is compromised due to external stimuli such as heparin and lipopolysaccharides. The RANK/RANKL axis promotes the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression, which in turn increases the histone methyltransferase activity of EzH2 and EzH1 for the epigenetic regulation of osteoclastogenesis-related genes. Genistein counteracts NFκB-induced osteoclastogenesis and downstream signaling through the direct regulation of histone methyltransferase, EzH2 and EzH1, transcription. However, genistein possesses limitations like low bioavailability, low water solubility, high estrogen activity, and thyroid side effects, which obstruct its therapeutic usage. Here, the nanoemulsified formulation of genistein with vitamin D was utilized to circumvent the limitations of genistein so that it can be utilized for therapeutic purposes in osteoporosis management. The nanoemulsification of genistein and vitamin D was performed through the spontaneous emulsification using Tween 80 and medium chain triglyceride oil as an organic phase. The physiologically stable and biocompatible combination of the genistein and vitamin D nanoemulsion (GVNE) exhibited the controlled release pattern of genistein with Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models under different pH conditions (7.4, 6.5, and 1.2). The GVNE potentially enhanced the therapeutic efficacy under in vitro osteoporosis models and helped restore disease parameters like alkaline phosphatase activity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, and the formation of multinuclear giant cells. Molecularly, the GVNE overturned the LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulation of NFκB expression along with its binding on EzH2 and EzH1 promoters. GVNE effects on the osteoporosis model established it as an efficient antiosteoporotic therapy. This nanonutraceutical-based formulation provides an epigenetic regulation of osteoporosis management and opens new avenues for alternate epigenetic therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandra Kushwaha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soni Jignesh Mohanbhai
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mohammed Nadim Sardoiwala
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendran Jaganathan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Wei L, Chen W, Huang L, Wang H, Su Y, Liang J, Lian H, Xu J, Zhao J, Liu Q. Alpinetin ameliorates bone loss in LPS-induced inflammation osteolysis via ROS mediated P38/PI3K signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106400. [PMID: 35988868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone loss occurs in several inflammatory diseases because of chronic persistent inflammation that activates osteoclasts (OCs) to increase bone resorption. Currently available antiresorptive drugs have severe side effects or contraindications. Herein, we explored the effects and mechanism of Alpinetin (Alp) on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated OCs differentiation, function, and in inflammatory osteolysis of mice. METHOD Primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) induced by RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were utilized to test the impact of Alp on OCs differentiation, function, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Expression of oxidant stress relevant factors and OCs specific genes were assessed via real-time quantitative PCR. Further, oxidative stress-related factors, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β, and NFATc1 pathways were examined via Western blot. Finally, LPS-induced mouse calvarial osteolysis was used to investigate the effect of Alp on inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. RESULT Alp suppressed OCs differentiation and resorption function, and down-regulated the ROS production. Alp inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α and osteoclast-specific gene transcription. It also blocked the gene and protein expression of Nox1 and Keap1, but enhanced Nrf2, CAT, and HO-1 protein levels. Additionally, Alp suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and P38, and restrained the expression of osteoclast-specific gene Nfatc1 and its auto-amplification, hence minimizing LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. CONCLUSION Alp is a novel candidate or therapeutics for the osteoclast-associated inflammatory osteolytic ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Linke Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Haoyu Lian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Dietary Polyphenols via ROS-Mediated Pathway with Their Modulation of MicroRNAs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123816. [PMID: 35744941 PMCID: PMC9227902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of coffee, tea, wine, curry, and soybeans has been linked to a lower risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Several cell-based and animal studies have shown that dietary polyphenols like chlorogenic acid, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol play a major role in these anticancer effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the anticancer effects of polyphenols. Depending on the cellular microenvironment, these polyphenols can exert double-faced actions as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and one of the representative anticancer mechanisms is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism. These polyphenols can also influence microRNA (miR) expression. In general, they can modulate the expression/activity of the constituent molecules in ROS-mediated anticancer pathways by increasing the expression of tumor-suppressive miRs and decreasing the expression of oncogenic miRs. Thus, miR modulation may enhance the anticancer effects of polyphenols through the ROS-mediated pathways in an additive or synergistic manner. More precise human clinical studies on the effects of dietary polyphenols on miR expression will provide convincing evidence of the preventive roles of dietary polyphenols in cancer and other diseases.
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Ji R, Wu D, Liu Q. Icariin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by reducing the expression of NOX1 and NOX4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:6-13. [PMID: 35182975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), isolated from Herba Epimedii, is a natural flavonoid glycoside that possesses antioxidant properties and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying osteoclastogenesis inhibition by ICA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ICA on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. ICA inhibited the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes in RAW264.7 cells induced by RANKL. ICA could inhibit osteoclastogenesis without inhibiting the viability of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ICA inhibited reactive oxygen species production in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. ICA reduced the expression of nuclear factor in activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which are osteoclast-related molecules. Moreover, ICA decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), specifically NOX1 and NOX4, in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that ICA can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Dou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Xu Q, Cao Z, Xu J, Dai M, Zhang B, Lai Q, Liu X. Effects and mechanisms of natural plant active compounds for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 30:394-412. [PMID: 34859718 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone-destructive diseases, caused by overdifferentiation of osteoclasts, reduce bone mass and quality, and disrupt bone microstructure, thereby causes osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteolytic bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclasts, the only multinucleated cells with bone resorption function, are derived from haematopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective target for the treatment of bone-destructive diseases. Natural plant-derived products have received increasing attention in recent years due to their good safety profile, the preference of natural compounds over synthetic drugs, and their potential therapeutic and preventive activity against osteoclast-mediated bone-destructive diseases. In this study, we reviewed the research progress of the potential antiosteoclast active compounds extracted from medicinal plants and their molecular mechanisms. Active compounds from natural plants that inhibit osteoclast differentiation and functions include flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, glucosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, and limonoids. They inhibit bone destruction by downregulating the expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes (CTSK, MMP-9, TRAP, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, V-ATPase d2, and integrin av3) and transcription factors (c-Fos, NFATc1, and c-Src), prevent the effects of local factors (ROS, LPS, and NO), and suppress the activation of various signalling pathways (MAPK, NF-κB, Akt, and Ca2+). Therefore, osteoclast-targeting natural products are of great value in the prevention and treatment of bone destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyou Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - JiaQiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Valizadeh M, Alimohammadi F, Azarm A, Pourtaghi Z, Derakhshan barjoei MM, Sabri H, Jafari A, Arabpour Z, Razavi P, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Uses of soybean isoflavonoids in dentistry: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Shan Z, Nisar MF, Li M, Zhang C, Wan C(C. Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6256618. [PMID: 34804369 PMCID: PMC8601833 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health-promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Shan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mingxi Li
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Chunpeng (Craig) Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Che J, Yang J, Zhao B, Shang P. HO-1: A new potential therapeutic target to combat osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174219. [PMID: 34081904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts a protective effect against cell damage and induces the activity of many enzymes involved in the treatment of many human diseases, including osteoporosis. The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and the limitations of the current treatments available led to a continuous occurrence of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, highlighting the need of a better understanding of the mechanism and function of HO-1. Many factors cause osteoporosis, including lack of estrogen, aging, and iron overload, and they either cause the increase in inflammatory factors or the increase in reactive oxygen species to break bone reconstruction balance. Therefore, regulating the production of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species may become a strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Solid evidence showed that the overexpression of HO-1 compensates high oxidation levels by increasing intracellular antioxidant levels and reduces inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory factors. Some extracts can target HO-1 and ameliorate osteoporosis. However, no systematic report is available on therapies targeting HO-1 to combat osteoporosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO-1, and the relationship between inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species production regulated by HO-1 and osteoporosis. The understanding of the role of HO-1 in osteoporosis may provide ideas for a potential clinical treatment and new drugs targeting HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Ho MW, Li TM, Li JP, Chiou JS, Chiu ML, Chen CJ, Cheng CF, Tsai FJ, Wu YC, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Lin YN, Chou CH, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Chinese Herbal Medicine Usage Reduces Overall Mortality in HIV-Infected Patients With Osteoporosis or Fractures. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593434. [PMID: 33935696 PMCID: PMC8085888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of patients with HIV has greatly improved, due to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). However, long-term HIV survivors often develop serious bone abnormalities, possibly due to the interplay of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, HIV ad ART. We evaluated in a nation-wide study in Taiwan the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on overall mortality in HIV patients with osteoporosis or fractures. Enrollment period was between 1998 and 2011. Patients with osteoporosis or fractures before the HIV infection, and those with less than 14 days CHM use, were excluded. This left 498 patients, 160 CHM users, 338 without CHM. Univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to compare the overall mortality in these 2 groups. Due to the nature of Chinese medicine, CHMs inevitably varied. We therefore also used rule mining and network analysis to determine which major CHM clusters were prescribed to the patients. CHM users had a much Lower mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.77, p < 0.005) and higher survival (p = 0.004, log-rank test). Although the CHMs greatly varied, network analysis identified one main cluster of strongly related CHM combinations (Chuan-Xiong-Cha-Tiao-San (CXCTS), Gan-Cao (GC; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Liu-He-Tang (LHT), Huang-Qin-Tang (HQT), Jia-Wei-Ping-Wei-San (JWPWS), and Dang-Gui-Long-Hui-Wan (DGLHuiW)). CHM as an additional treatment strongly improves overall survival in HIV-infected patients with osteoporosis and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Wang Ho
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Lin
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hu H, Li C, Zhang H, Wu G, Huang Y. Role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in RANKL-differentiated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells: Modulation of NF-κB, c-Fos and NFATc1 transcription factors. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:412. [PMID: 33747153 PMCID: PMC7967814 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is essential for osteoclast differentiation, and reduced VASP expression results in depressed osteoclast differentiation. Previously, we demonstrated the importance of VASP and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 interactions in osteosarcoma cell migration and metastasis using Mg-63 and Saos2 cells. However, the molecular details of the functional role of VASP in cell motility and migration remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that VASP affects the expression of αV-integrin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and lamellipodia protrusion in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte macrophage cell line was used as an osteoclast precursor. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 50 ng/ml of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) in order to induce cell differentiation (osteoclastogenesis). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence VASP, and RT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression for genes and proteins, respectively. TRAP staining as a histochemical marker for osteoclast and fluorescent microscopy for lamellipodia protrusion was performed. RANKL treatment significantly increased the gene and protein expression of VASP, αV-integrin and TRAP in RAW 264.7 cells. Silencing of VASP significantly reduced the RANKL-induced expression of αV-integrin, TRAP and lamellipodia protrusion. In addition, knockdown of VASP attenuated RANKL-stimulated activation of NF-κB, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 transcription factors, and the phosphorylation of the p65 and IκBα. These results suggest the critical role of VASP in regulating osteoclast differentiation, which should be further explored in osteosarcoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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Phromnoi K, Suttajit M, Saenjum C, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Inhibitory Effect of a Rosmarinic Acid-Enriched Fraction Prepared from Nga-Mon ( Perilla frutescens) Seed Meal on Osteoclastogenesis through the RANK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020307. [PMID: 33671207 PMCID: PMC7923133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities relating to the antiosteoporosis effects of various perilla seed meal (PSM) fractions. The remaining waste of perilla seed obtained from cold oil compression was extracted with 70% ethanol and sequentially fractionated according to solvent polarity with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water. The results indicated that the seed-meal ethyl acetate fraction (SMEF) exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and rosmarinic acid (RA) content. The signaling pathways induced by the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) that trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several transcription factors, leading to the induction of osteoclastogenesis, were also investigated. The SMEF clearly showed attenuated RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and TRAP activity. A Western blot analysis showed that the SMEF significantly downregulated RANKL-induced NF-κB, AP-1 activation, and the nuclear factor of activated T-cell 1 (NFATc1) expression. SMEF also suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast-specific marker gene-like MMP-9 using zymography. Furthermore, the SMEF showed inhibition of RANKL-induced ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. The results suggest that the SMEF, which contained high quantities of RA, could be developed as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient for osteoclastogenic protection and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkarn Phromnoi
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economics and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (P.L.D.); Tel.: +66-89-950-4227 (C.S.); +66-89-952-8111 (P.L.D.)
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (P.L.D.); Tel.: +66-89-950-4227 (C.S.); +66-89-952-8111 (P.L.D.)
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Cyclosporine A Promotes Bone Remodeling in LPS-Related Inflammation via Inhibiting ROS/ERK Signaling: Studies In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836599. [PMID: 33505590 PMCID: PMC7810558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In some inflammatory diseases of bone, osteogenesis and osteoclasis are uncoupled and the balance is usually tipped resulting in bone destruction. The underlying mechanism of osteogenic dysfunction in inflammation still needs further study. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on bone remodeling in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) related inflammation. In vivo, an alveolar bone defect model was established using 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), LPS, and LPS+CsA groups. After 3 weeks, micro-CT analysis and histomorphometric evaluation were conducted. In vitro, murine osteoblasts were treated with vehicle medium, LPS, LPS+CsA, LPS+extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (LPS+PD98059), and LPS+antioxidant (LPS+EUK134). Cell proliferation, osteogenic behaviors, oxidative stress, and ERK signaling were determined. By these approaches, LPS inhibited bone remodeling and promoted oxidative stress accumulation in alveolar bone defects. When animals were treated with CsA, all LPS-induced biochemical changes ameliorated with a marked protective effect. In vitro, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in mitochondria increased in LPS-treated osteoblasts, with decreased expression of osteogenic differentiation genes. The CsA, PD98059, and EUK134 presented remarkable protective effects against LPS treatment. CsA effectively enhanced bone remodeling and attenuated oxidative stress caused by LPS via inhibiting ROS/ERK signaling. Taken together, the protective effect of CsA and the inhibitory effect of ERK signaling on the maintenance of mitochondrial function and reduction of ROS levels hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases in bones.
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18
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Mei S, Wang F, Hu X, Yang K, Xie D, Yang L, Wu Z, Wei J. Construction of a hierarchical micro & nanoporous surface for loading genistein on the composite of polyetheretherketone/tantalum pentoxide possessing antibacterial activity and accelerated osteointegration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:167-185. [PMID: 33165465 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous tantalum pentoxide (NTP) particles with a pore size of about 10 nm were synthesized and blended with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to fabricate a PEEK/NTP composite (PN). Subsequently, PN was treated by concentrated sulfuric acid to create a microporous surface (pore size of around 2 μm) on sulfonated PN (SPN), which formed a hierarchical micro & nanoporous surface. Compared with PN, the porous surface of SPN exhibited higher roughness, hydrophilicity, and surface energy. In addition, genistein (GT) was loaded into the porous surface of SPN (SPNG), which showed high GT loading capacity and sustained release of GT into phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, SPNG revealed excellent antibacterial activity, which inhibited bacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) growth in vitro due to the synergistic effects of both sulfonic acid (SO3H) groups and the sustained release of GT. Compared with PN, SPN significantly improved the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, compared with SPN, SPNG further enhances the cell responses. Compared with PN, SPN remarkably improved bone formation and osteointegration in vivo. Furthermore, compared with SPN, SPNG further enhanced the osteointegration. In short, SPNG with a micro & nanoporous surface, SO3H groups, and the sustained release of GT exhibited antibacterial activity and accelerated osteointegration, which would have tremendous potential as drug-loaded implants for bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Mei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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19
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In Vitro Antiosteoporosis Activity and Hepatotoxicity Evaluation in Zebrafish Larvae of Bark Extracts of Prunus jamasakura Medicinal Plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8582318. [PMID: 33029177 PMCID: PMC7532380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8582318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the main health problems in the world today characterized by low bone mass and deterioration in bone microarchitecture. In recent years, the use of natural products approach to treat it has been in the increase. In this study, in vitro antiosteoporosis activity and hepatotoxicity of P. jamasakura bark extracts were evaluated. Methods. Mouse bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells were incubated with tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) buffers and p-nitrophenyl phosphate and cultured with different P. jamasakura bark extracts at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml in the presence of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) for 6 days. The osteoclast TRAP activity and cell viability were measured. Nitric oxide (NO) assay was conducted using murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells treated with P. jamasakura ethanolic and methanolic bark extracts at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. For hepatotoxicity assessment, zebrafish larvae were exposed to P. jamasakura bark extracts, 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide as a negative control, and 5 μM tamoxifen as a positive control. The surviving larvae were anesthetized and assessed for hepatocyte apoptosis. Results. TRAP activity was significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) at all concentrations of P. jamasakura extracts compared to the control treatment. At 50 μg/ml, both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of P. jamasakura exhibited significant (p < 0.01) BMM cell viability compared to the control treatment. P. jamasakura ethanolic and methanolic extracts had significant inhibitory (p < 0.01) effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production at 200 μg/ml and exhibited significant (p < 0.01) and (p < 0.05) stimulative effects, respectively, on RAW 264.7 cell viability. No overt hepatotoxicity was observed in the liver of zebrafish larvae in any of the treatments. Conclusion. The TRAP activity of P. jamasakura bark gives a foundation for further studies to enhance future development of antiosteoporosis drug.
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Zhang L, Sun Y, Xu W, Geng Y, Su Y, Wang Q, Wang J. Baicalin inhibits Salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation and mediates autophagy through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:241-255. [PMID: 32955161 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been reported to protect mice against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection, while its molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and observation time were measured. Cell viability and LDH levels were examined in RAW264.7 cells and H9 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with S typhimurium in the presence or absence of Baicalin, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA. The autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results indicated that MOI of 30 and duration of autophagy evident at 5 h were applicable to this study. Baicalin prevented death of macrophages, promoted bactericidal activity, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS and reduced the changes of key biomarkers in autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway infected by S typhimurium. TLR4-overexpressed cells, autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway were activated by S typhimurium, which was suppressed by Baicalin. Our findings indicated that Baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects, and it mediates autophagy by down-regulating the activity of TLR4 infected by S typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Healthcare Management School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Wegner AM, Haudenschild DR. NADPH oxidases in bone and cartilage homeostasis and disease: A promising therapeutic target. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2104-2112. [PMID: 32285964 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are important short-range signaling molecules. They have been extensively studied in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, where they have important roles in vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, hypertension, cardiac injury, stroke, and aging. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ROS and Nox enzymes also affect bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and more recent studies implicate ROS and Nox enzymes in both inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis. Mechanistically, this connection may be through the effects of ROS on signal transduction. ROS affect both transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling, interleukin-1β/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, and the resulting changes in matrix metalloproteinase expression. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of Nox enzymes in the physiology and pathobiology of bone and joints and to highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting the Nox enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Wegner
- OrthoCarolina, Winston-Salem Spine Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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Microparticles-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and its Amelioration by Antioxidant Activity of Baicalin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090890. [PMID: 32962240 PMCID: PMC7555600 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles (0.1–1.0 μm in size), released in response to cell activation or apoptosis. Endothelial microparticles (EC-MP), vascular smooth muscle cell microparticles (VSMC-MP), and macrophage microparticles (MØ-MP) are key hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. In our current study, we investigated the potent antioxidant activity of baicalin to ameliorate MP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, as well as the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophage (RAW264.7). In our study, baicalin suppressed the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NO production, foam cell formation, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in MØ-MP-induced RAW264.7. In addition, VSMC migration induced by VSMC-MP was dose-dependently inhibited by baicalin. Likewise, baicalin inhibits metalloproteinase-9 expression and suppresses VSMC-MP-induced VSMC proliferation by down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expressions. Baicalin also inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in VSMC. In EC, the marker of endothelial dysfunction (endothelial senescence, upregulation of ICAM, and ROS production) induced by EC-MP was halted by baicalin. Our results suggested that baicalin exerts potent biological activity to restore the function of EC and VSMC altered by their corresponding microparticles and inhibits the release of inflammation markers from activated macrophages.
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Siddiqui S, Mahdi AA, Arshad M. Genistein contributes to cell cycle progression and regulates oxidative stress in primary culture of osteoblasts along with osteoclasts attenuation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:277. [PMID: 32917180 PMCID: PMC7488498 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to examine the role of isoflavone genistein (GS) on bone formation, regulating oxidative stress and cell cycle in primary osteoblasts, as well as attenuation of osteoclast formation. Methods Primary calvaria osteoblasts were isolated from 2 to 3 days old neonatal rat pups (n = 6–8) of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of GS and different assays viz. cell proliferation, differentiation, calcium deposition, cell cycle progression, antioxidant ability, and osteogenic gene expression were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunolocalization of cathepsin K protein were assessed in bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. Results Results revealed that GS markedly induced cell growth and osteoblast differentiation depending upon dose. The fluorescent dye DCFH-DA staining data proved the antioxidant ability of GS, which reduced the H2O2- induced intracellular oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GS treatment upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and osteocalcin. Immunolocalization of BMP2 also indicated the osteogenic efficacy of GS. Furthermore, TRAP staining and cathepsin K expression depicted that GS inhibited multinucleated osteoclasts formation. Conclusions In conclusion, GS isoflavone might impart protective effects against oxidative stress-induced bone loss and thus, could maintain skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India. .,Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India. .,Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Xie F, Dong J, Zhu Y, Wang K, Liu X, Chen D, Meng Q. HIF1a Inhibitor Rescues Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:757-764. [PMID: 31402229 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is critically involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Its inhibitor genistein attenuated D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver damage. However, the role of genistein in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear. The influence of genistein on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hepatocyte functions were evaluated in a rat model of ACLF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genistein [20mg/ (kg. day)]/coenzyme Q10 [10mg/ (kg. day)]/lipoic acid [20mg/ (kg. day)] was administered via the intra-gastric route daily for 6 weeks as co-treatment to the rats in the experimental groups. Then, 100μg/kg LPS combined with 0.5g/kg D-GalN was injected intraperitoneally to attack the rats. RESULTS Genistein significantly attenuated LPS/D-GalN-induced ACLF, characterized by ameliorated gross appearance and microscopic histopathology of liver, reduced AST level in serum, whereas increased levels of ATP, ADP/O, and respiratory control ratio (RCR) in mitochondria. Genistein suppressed necrosis and ROS production. CONCLUSION These results suggested that genistein could protect against ACLF through inhibiting cellular ROS production and necrosis, improving RCR, and decreasing permeability transition pores in mitochondrial, which was similar as mitochondrial protective agent coenzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Dong
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueke Zhu
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kefei Wang
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Beijing You an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ai Z, Wu Y, Yu M, Li J, Li S. Theaflavin-3, 3'-Digallate Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 32694992 PMCID: PMC7336999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3, 3′-digallate (TF3) is extracted from black tea and has strong antioxidant capabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the influences of TF3 on osteoclastogenesis and explore the underlying mechanisms. TF3 efficiently decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TF3 reduced ROS generation by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and also inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and TRAP staining of the femurs of C57BL/6J female mice showed that TF3 markedly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in mice. Immunofluorescence staining, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and measurement of the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) revealed that TF3 increased the expression of Nrf2 and decreased the intracellular ROS level in vivo. These findings indicated that TF3 may have the potential to treat osteoporosis and bone diseases related to excessive osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting the intracellular ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang'ou Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjiao Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Murakami M, Ikeda Y, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Special bioactive compounds and functional foods may exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients with dementia (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 13:1. [PMID: 32509304 PMCID: PMC7271706 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a failure of cognitive ability characterized by severe neurodegeneration in select neural systems, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying signaling and molecular pathways mediating the progressive decline of cognitive function remain poorly understood. Recent progress in molecular biology has provided an improved understanding of the importance of molecular pathogenesis of AD, and has proposed an association between DNA repair mechanisms and AD. In particular, the fundamental roles of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) tumor suppressors have been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Consequently, onset of neurodegenerative diseases may be deferred with the use of dietary neuroprotective agents which alter the signaling mediated by the aforementioned tumor suppressors. In a healthy neuron, homeostasis of key intracellular molecules is of great importance, and preventing neuronal apoptosis is one of the primary goals of treatments designed for dementia-associated diseases. In the present review, progress into the understanding of dietary regulation for preventing or limiting development of dementia is discussed with a focus on the modulatory roles of PTEN and BRCA1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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27
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Du N, Song L, Li Y, Wang T, Fang Q, Ou J, Nandakumar KS. Phytoestrogens protect joints in collagen induced arthritis by increasing IgG glycosylation and reducing osteoclast activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106387. [PMID: 32172207 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Based on previous studies, we know that estrogen can protect the joints from arthritis development by increasing IgG glycosylation and inhibiting osteoclast activation. Phytoestrogens, especially genistein and daidzein, are structurally similar to estradiol that can bind to estrogen receptors (ERs). However, how phytoestrogens affect IgG glycosylation and osteoclast activation in vivo are not investigated so far. In this study, we used 20 mg/kg genistein or daidzein to gavage the female DBA1/J mice in collagen induced arthritis (CIA). We assessed arthritis and bone erosion by clinical scores, histopathology, and micro-CT analysis. Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, B cells, macrophages and T cells in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. Phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages was assessed by using FITC-labeled Escherichia coli. New monoclonal antibodies against CII were produced, purified and analyzed. Glycosylation levels of polyclonal and monoclonal IgG were detected by lectin-ELISA. Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the genes related to IgG glycosylation (B4galt1, St6gal1) and osteoclasts (TRAP, NFATC1, c-Fos). Expression of NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways as well as downstream transcription factors NFATc1 and c-Fos was studied by Western blot. Our results show that phytoestrogens protect mice from CIA by increasing IgG glycosylation leading to amelioration of inflammation and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and NFATc1/c-Fos to decrease the activity of osteoclasts. In conclusion, phytoestrogens can protect bone and joints in CIA mice by increasing IgG glycosylation and inhibiting osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Song
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghua Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaxin Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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28
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Zhou L, Song H, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Li M, Fu Q. Polyphyllin VII attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via inhibiting of TRAF6/c-Src/PI3K pathway and ROS production. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:112. [PMID: 32075617 PMCID: PMC7031869 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a worldwide severe bone disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyphyllin VII on the genesis of osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and its potentiality as a therapeutic drug for osteoporosis. Methods BMMs were induced to differentiate into osteoclasts by RANKL and M-CSF. The cells were then treated with various concentrations of polyphyllin VII. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement assay, resorption pit formation assay, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and TRAP activity assessment, cell viability assay, active GTPase pull-down assay, immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR were performed. Results RANKL + M-CSF significantly increased TRAP activity, number of osteoclasts, number and area of lacunae, intracellular content of ROS, protein levels of Nox1, TRAF6, c-Src and p-PI3K, as well as the content of activated GTP-Rac1, which were significantly blocked by polyphyllin VII in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion These findings suggested that polyphyllin VII inhibited differentiation of BMMs into osteoclasts through suppressing ROS synthesis, which was modulated by TRAF6–cSrc–PI3k signal transduction pathway including GTP-Rac1 and Nox1. Polyphyllin VII could be a therapeutic drug for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hanyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaozhou Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Minghe Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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29
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Tong X, Zhang C, Wang D, Song R, Ma Y, Cao Y, Zhao H, Bian J, Gu J, Liu Z. Suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase reverses osteoprotegerin-induced inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by reducing autophagy. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12714. [PMID: 31696568 PMCID: PMC6985670 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoclasts (OC) are unique terminally differentiated cells whose primary function is bone resorption. We previously showed that osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits OC differentiation in vitro by enhancing autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway in vitro. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of AMPK mediated autophagy to regulate OPG‐mediated inhibition of OC differentiation and identify potential therapeutic targets associated with bone loss. Materials and Methods We used the AMPK activator AICAR to determine the relationship between AMPK activation and OC differentiation, and studied the role of AMPK‐mediated autophagy in OPG‐mediated inhibition of OC differentiation by using autophagy inhibitors or AMPK knockdown. Results AMP‐activated protein kinase activation caused LC3II accumulation and weakened OC differentiation activity. In contrast, inactivation of autophagy by 3‐methyladenine or Bafilomycin A1 could attenuate OPG‐mediated inhibition of OC differentiation via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibitor compound C and knockdown of AMPK impaired OPG‐mediated inhibition of OC differentiation by inducing autophagy. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the AMPK signalling pathway functions as a critical regulator in the OPG‐mediated inhibition of OC differentiation, by inducing autophagy. Our results provide a basis for future bone‐related studies on the AMPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Osteoclast Differentiation and Possible Pharmaceutical Targets of ROS-Mediated Osteoclast Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143576. [PMID: 31336616 PMCID: PMC6678498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential for transmission of cell signals and other physiological functions. However, excessive amounts of ROS can cause cellular imbalance in reduction–oxidation reactions and disrupt normal biological functions, leading to oxidative stress, a condition known to be responsible for the development of several diseases. The biphasic role of ROS in cellular functions has been a target of pharmacological research. Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone and are essential for skeletal growth and remodeling, for the maintenance of bone architecture throughout lifespan, and for calcium metabolism during bone homeostasis. ROS, including superoxide ion (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are important components that regulate the differentiation of osteoclasts. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS produced by osteoclasts stimulate and facilitate resorption of bone tissue. Thus, elucidating the effects of ROS during osteoclast differentiation is important when studying diseases associated with bone resorption such as osteoporosis. This review examines the effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation and the efficacy of novel chemical compounds with therapeutic potential for osteoclast related diseases.
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31
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Liu FC, Wang CC, Lu JW, Lee CH, Chen SC, Ho YJ, Peng YJ. Chondroprotective Effects of Genistein against Osteoarthritis Induced Joint Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051180. [PMID: 31137797 PMCID: PMC6566664 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone extracted from soybean (Glycine max). This compound has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer effects; however, the mechanism underlying the effects of genistein on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes remains unknown. Our objectives in this study were to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of genistein on IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes and to investigate the potential mechanisms which underlie them. Our results from an in-vitro model of osteoarthritis indicate that genistein inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of the catabolic factors nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genistein was shown to stimulate Ho-1 expression, which has been associated with Nrf-2 pathway activation in human chondrocytes. In a rat model, genistein was also shown to attenuate the progression of traumatic osteoarthritis. Taken together, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of genistein in mediating the inflammation associated with joint disorders. Our results also indicate that genistein could potentially serve as an alternative therapeutic treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Liu
- Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Chian-Her Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jung Ho
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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Xia T, Zhang J, Han L, Jin Z, Wang J, Li X, Man S, Liu C, Gao W. Protective effect of magnolol on oxaliplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1161-1172. [PMID: 30868668 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXL) is the first line treatment therapy for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and often combines with other chemotherapy. However, few reports have studied on its GI toxicity. Magnolol (MG), one of the mainly active constituents in Magnolia, has been reported to treat digestive diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the intestinal protective effect of MG in OXL treatment group. OXL administration mice showed body weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal damage characterized by the shortening of villi and destruction of intestinal crypts, as well as the colon length change. MG significantly reduced body weight loss, alleviated diarrhea, reversed histopathological changes, and prevented colon length reduction. Oxidative stress and inflammation were activated after OXL, and these responses were repressed by MG through increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, decreasing level of nuclear factor of kappa b and downregulating the following pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the expression of tight junction protein occludin and numbers of proliferative crypt cells were reduced on ileum and colon after OXL, MG administration promoted these expressions. The fecal gut microbiota composition disturbed by OXL was significantly reversed by MG. Thus, MG could prevent the development and progression of mucositis induced by oxaliplatin through multipathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:67-72. [PMID: 30189265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a tissue with constant remodeling, where osteoblasts form and osteoclasts degrade bone. Both cell types are highly specialized in their function and both form from precursors and have to be replaced on a regular basis. This replacement represents one control level of bone homeostasis. The second important level would be the control of the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to keep the balance of bone -formation and -degradation. Both differentiation and control of cellular function are potentially redox sensitive processes. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are utilized by a wide range of cells for differentiation and control of cellular signaling and function. A major source of ROS is the family of NADPH oxidases. The sole function of those enzymes is the formation of ROS in a controlled and targeted manner. Importantly the members of the NADPH oxidase family differ in their localization and in the type and amount of ROS produced. Accordingly the impact of the members of the NADPH oxidase family on differentiation and function differs between cell types. This review will highlight the function of different NADPH oxidases in differentiation and function of bone cells and thereby will discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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34
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Fokialakis N, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Boulaka A, Meligova AK, Lambrinidis G, Kalpoutzakis E, Pratsinis H, Cheilari A, Mitsiou DJ, Mitakou S, Alexis MN. Biological evaluation of isoflavonoids from Genista halacsyi using estrogen-target cells: Activities of glucosides compared to aglycones. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210247. [PMID: 30620769 PMCID: PMC6324813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of estrogen target cells to a series of isoflavone glucosides and aglycones from Genista halacsyi Heldr. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant was processed using fast centrifugal partition chromatography, resulting in isolation of four archetypal isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, isoprunetin, 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein) and ten derivatives thereof. 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein were among the most abundant constituents of the isolate. All fourteen, except genistein, displayed low binding affinity for estrogen receptors (ER). Models of binding to ERα could account for the low binding affinity of monoglucosides. Genistein and its glucosides displayed full efficacy in inducing alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in Ishikawa cells, proliferation of MCF-7 cells and ER-dependent gene expression in reporter cells at low concentrations (around 0.3 μM). ICI182,780 fully antagonized these effects. The AlkP-inducing efficacy of the fourteen isoflavonoids was more strongly correlated with their transcriptional efficacy through ERα. O-monoglucosides displayed higher area under the dose-response curve (AUC) of AlkP response relative to the AUC of ERα-transcriptional response compared to the respective aglycones. In addition, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein displayed estradiol-like efficacy in promoting differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblasts, while genistein was not convincingly effective in this respect. Moreover, 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells, while 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein was not convincingly effective and genistein was ineffective. However, genistein and its O-glucosides were ineffective in inhibiting differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and in protecting glutamate-challenged HT22 hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death. These findings suggest that 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein display higher estrogen-like and/or anti-inflammatory activity compared to the aglycone. The possibility of using preparations rich in O-β-D-glucopyranosides of genistein to substitute for low-dose estrogen in formulations for menopausal symptoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Boulaka
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki K. Meligova
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra J. Mitsiou
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael N. Alexis
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
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Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Paniagua-Pérez R, Reyes-Cadena S, Martínez-Canseco C, Reyes-Legorreta C, Martínez-Castro J, Madrigal-Santillán E, Morales-González J, Cristóbal-Luna J, Álvarez-González I. Cellular protection induced by genistein in mouse and its antioxidant capacity. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_78_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kwon YB, Wang FF, Jang HD. Anti-osteoclastic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in murine macrophages depends upon the suppression of superoxide anion production through the prevention of an active-Nox1 complex formation. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:158-168. [PMID: 29957360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-osteoclastic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) through suppression of Nox1-mediated superoxide anions production. The multi-nucleated cells were counted and followed by measuring their tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. The superoxide anion production was determined by using fluorescent probe dihydroethidium (DHE). After one day of exposure to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), the expression of the proteins involved in superoxide anion production was determined by western blotting. A potent anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE was observed; the superoxide anion level reached a maximum value after one day of incubation. CAPE attenuated the expression of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 1 (Nox1) and Rac1, and mitigated the RANKL-induced translocation of p47phox to the cell membrane. In addition, CAPE suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65), its translocation to the nucleus, and the activation of NF-κB inhibitor (IκBα) and its kinase (IKKβ). Furthermore, CAPE diminished the expression and activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the expression of protein-1 activators (AP-1) such as c-Fos and c-Jun. The expression of Nox1 was suppressed by CAPE through the down-regulation of IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 signal pathway. This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Beom Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Dong Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Yao H, Yao Z, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhou W. Upregulation of SIRT1 inhibits H2O2‑induced osteoblast apoptosis via FoxO1/β‑catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6681-6690. [PMID: 29512706 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that significantly influences life expectancy and quality in humans. Oxidative stress may stimulate bone marrow osteoclast differentiation and inhibit osteoblast (OB) differentiation. OB proliferation and differentiation are affected by the forkhead box O (FoxO)1/β‑catenin signaling pathway. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be promoted by silent information regulator type‑1 [sirtuin (SIRT)1]. However, the molecular mechanism of SIRT1 regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remains unclear, and further elucidation is needed. The present study investigated the role of SIRT1 in the FoxO1/β‑catenin signaling pathway in oxidative stress and its mechanism in the osteoblastic progenitor cell line (MC3T3‑E1). The results demonstrated that OB apoptosis and elevated oxidative stress in cells were simulated by H2O2, which was inhibited by moderate SIRT1 overexpression through reducing the oxidative stress. Further studies revealed that FOXO1 and β‑catenin pathway activity was downregulated by SIRT1 and eventually resulted in inhibition of target genes, including the proapoptotic gene B cell lymphoma‑2 interacting mediator of cell death, DNA repair gene growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 and the OB differentiation suppressor gene peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)‑γ. Furthermore, β‑catenin and PPAR‑γ were inhibited by SIRT1. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that moderate overexpression of SIRT1 (~3‑fold of normal level) may directly or indirectly inhibit apoptosis of OBs via the FOXO1 and β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Xinchang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
| | - Shaocheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Qingpu People's Hospital of Zhujiajue, Shanghai 201713, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Sports Science, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Understanding the functional role of genistein in the bone differentiation in mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 by RNA-seq analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3257. [PMID: 29459627 PMCID: PMC5818530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a phyto-estrogen, can potentially replace endogenous estrogens in postmenopausal women, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. To obtain insight into the effect of genistein on bone differentiation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in genistein-treated vs. untreated MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells. Osteoblastic cell differentiation was monitored by measuring osteoblast differentiation factors (ALP production, bone mineralization, and expression of osteoblast differentiation markers). From RNA-seq analysis, a total of 132 DEGs (including 52 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes) were identified in genistein-treated cells (FDR q-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5). KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed to estimate the biological functions of DEGs and demonstrated that these DEGs were highly enriched in functions related to chemotactic cytokines. The functional relevance of DEGs to genistein-induced osteoblastic cell differentiation was further evaluated by siRNA-mediated knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells. These siRNA knockdown experiments (of the DEGs validated by real-time qPCR) demonstrated that two up-regulated genes (Ereg and Efcab2) enhance osteoblastic cell differentiation, while three down-regulated genes (Hrc, Gli, and Ifitm5) suppress the differentiation. These results imply their major functional roles in bone differentiation regulated by genistein.
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Moosa S, Kasonga AE, Deepak V, Marais S, Magoshi IB, Bester MJ, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Rooibos tea extracts inhibit osteoclast formation and activity through the attenuation of NF-κB activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Food Funct 2018; 9:3301-3312. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fermented rooibos extract has more potent inhibitory effect on osteoclasts than unfermented rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaakirah Moosa
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Abe E. Kasonga
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Sumari Marais
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | | | - Megan J. Bester
- Department of Anatomy
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
- Associate of the Institute for Food
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition
- Massey Institute for Food Science and Technology
- Massey University
- New Zealand
- Associate of the Institute for Food
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
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40
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Tong H, Shi S. Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades. Phytother Res 2017; 32:384-394. [PMID: 29193539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy and soy-based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia-Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy-related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17-β-oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti-oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high-quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
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41
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Domazetovic V, Marcucci G, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT. Oxidative stress in bone remodeling: role of antioxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:209-216. [PMID: 29263736 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.1.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ROS are highly reactive molecules which consist of a number of diverse chemical species, including radical and non-radical oxygen species. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an overproduction of ROS not balanced by an adequate level of antioxidants. The natural antioxidants are: thiol compounds among which GSH is the most representative, and non-thiol compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins and also various enzymes. Many diseases have been linked to oxidative stress including bone diseases among which one of the most important is the osteoporosis. The redox state changes are also related to the bone remodeling process which allows the continuous bone regeneration through the coordinated action of bone cells: osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Changes in ROS and/or antioxidant systems seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss. ROS induce the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and this favours osteoclastogenesis and inhibits the mineralization and osteogenesis. Excessive osteocyte apoptosis correlates with oxidative stress causing an imbalance in favor of osteoclastogenesis which leads to increased turnover of bone remodeling and bone loss. Antioxidants either directly or by counteracting the action of oxidants contribute to activate the differentiation of osteoblasts, mineralization process and the reduction of osteoclast activity. In fact, a marked decrease in plasma antioxidants was found in aged or osteoporotic women. Some evidence shows a link among nutrients, antioxidant intake and bone health. Recent data demonstrate the antioxidant properties of various nutrients and their influence on bone metabolism. Polyphenols and anthocyanins are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and nutritional approaches to antioxidant strategies, in animals or selected groups of patients with osteoporosis or inflammatory bone diseases, suggest the antioxidant use in anti-resorptive therapies for the treatment and prevention of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (Endocrinology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (Endocrinology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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43
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Yamaguchi M, Levy RM. Combination of alendronate and genistein synergistically suppresses osteoclastic differentiation of RAW267.4 cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1769-1774. [PMID: 28810648 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes constant remodeling, with removal by osteoclastic bone resorption and replacement via osteoblastic bone formation and mineralization. Deterioration of bone mass with aging leads to osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption. Genistein, an isoflavone, exerts a bone anabolic effect by suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption and stimulating osteoblastic bone formation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anabolic effects of a combination of alendronate and genistein on osteoclastic differentiation. Preosteoclastic RAW267.4 cells were cultured with alendronate (0.1-100 µM) and/or genistein (0.1-100 µM) in vitro. Alendronate or genistein alone had no significant effect on the proliferation and death of RAW267.4 cells. Notably, the combination of the two agents was found to potently and synergistically repress the proliferation and death of RAW267.4 cells. Moreover, alendronate or genistein used separately at higher concentrations suppressed the osteoclastic differentiation of RAW267.4 cells induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in vitro. However, combinations of the two agents (0.1-100 µM) synergistically suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation. In conclusion, bisphosphonate and genistein combination therapy may provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert M Levy
- Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85253, USA
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Bhattarai G, Poudel SB, Kook SH, Lee JC. Anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastic, and antioxidant activities of genistein protect against alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue degradation in a mouse model of periodontitis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2510-2521. [PMID: 28509410 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, a dietary polyphenol primarily found in soy products, has beneficial effects on bone. However, the effect of genistein on inflammatory periodontal destruction has not been investigated in detail. We explored whether genistein protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. We also examined the effect of genistein on LPS-stimulated inflammatory and oxidative stress using RAW 264.7 macrophages and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The results from μCT and histological analyses revealed that intraperitoneal injection of genistein (20 mg/kg body weight) daily for three weeks inhibited LPS-mediated alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue degradation. The administration of genistein also inhibited osteoclast formation and the expression of inflammation-related molecules in the inflamed region of mice with periodontitis. Treatment with 30-70 μM genistein significantly prevented osteoclast differentiation in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand- or LPS-stimulated macrophages by suppressing the expression of osteoclast-specific molecules. The addition of genistein led to a dose-dependent inhibition of the expression of inflammation-related molecules both in LPS-stimulated macrophages and hGFs. In addition, genistein at 50 μM protected hGFs from LPS-mediated stresses such as mitochondrial impairment and cellular ROS accumulation. However, such protection was significantly diminished by combined treatment with 25 nM bafilomycin A1, a chemical autophagy inhibitor. Collectively, our results indicate that genistein protects against inflammatory periodontal damage by regulating autophagy induction and inhibiting osteoclast activation, the production of inflammation mediators, and mitochondrial oxidative damage. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2510-2521, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences (BK21 program) and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
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45
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Kanzaki H, Wada S, Narimiya T, Yamaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura Y. Pathways that Regulate ROS Scavenging Enzymes, and Their Role in Defense Against Tissue Destruction in Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:351. [PMID: 28611683 PMCID: PMC5447763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the teeth, is a common disease worldwide. It is caused by a dysregulation of the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection, which leads to soft and hard tissue destruction. In particular, it is the excessive inflammation in response to bacterial plaque that leads to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils, which, then play a critical role in the destruction of periodontal tissue. Generally, ROS produced from immune cells exhibit an anti-bacterial effect and play a role in host defense and immune regulation. Excessive ROS, however, can exert cytotoxic effects, cause oxidative damage to proteins, and DNA, can interfere with cell growth and cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts. Collectively, these effects enable ROS to directly induce periodontal tissue damage. Some ROS also act as intracellular signaling molecules during osteoclastogenesis, and can thus also play an indirect role in bone destruction. Cells have several protective mechanisms to manage such oxidative stress, most of which involve production of cytoprotective enzymes that scavenge ROS. These enzymes are transcriptionally regulated via NRF2, Sirtuin, and FOXO. Some reports indicate an association between periodontitis and these cytoprotective enzymes' regulatory axes, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) the most extensively investigated. In this review article, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in the tissue destruction manifest in periodontitis, and the mechanisms that protect against this oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Maxillo-Oral Disorders, Tohoku University HospitalSendai, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
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Tan EM, Li L, Indran IR, Chew N, Yong EL. TRAF6 Mediates Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis and Prevention of Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by a Novel Prenylflavonoid. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:846-860. [PMID: 27813153 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the limitations of current therapeutic options for postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is a need for alternatives with minimal adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of icaritin (ICT), a natural prenylflavonoid, on osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model and investigated its underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action. ICT inhibited osteoclast formation in two osteoclast precursor models, RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte cell line and human PBMC. ICT also inhibited sealing zone and resorption pit formation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ICT inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways to suppress gene expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1, the master transcription regulator of osteoclast differentiation. ICT, by inhibiting the TRAF6/c-Src/PI3K pathway, suppressed NADPH oxidase-1 activation to attenuate intracellular ROS production and downregulate calcineurin phosphatase activity. As a result, NFATc1 nuclear translocation and activity was suppressed. Crucially, ICT promoted proteasomal degradation of TRAF6, the critical adaptor protein that transduces RANKL/RANK signaling, and the inhibitory effect of ICT on osteoclastogenesis was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG 132. ICT administration inhibited OVX-induced bone loss and resorption by suppressing osteoclast formation and activity. Consistent with cellular studies, ICT downregulated TRAF6 and NFATc1 protein expression in CD11b+ /Gr-1-/low osteoclast precursors isolated from OVX rats. Put together, we present novel findings that ICT, by downregulating TRAF6, coordinates inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK/AP-1, and ROS signaling pathways to reduce expression and activity of NFATc1. These results demonstrate the potential of ICT for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and point to TRAF6 as a promising target for novel anti-osteoporotic drugs. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Min Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Inthrani Raja Indran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tai TW, Chen CY, Su FC, Tu YK, Tsai TT, Lin CF, Jou IM. Reactive oxygen species are required for zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44245. [PMID: 28281643 PMCID: PMC5345019 DOI: 10.1038/srep44245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors to reduce bone resorption is an important strategy to treat osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, inflammatory bone loss, and malignant bone metastasis. However, the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced in the osteoclasts and their precursors are not completely understood. Here, we used nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) to induce cell apoptosis in human and murine osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Caspase-3-mediated cell apoptosis occurred following the ZA (100 μM) treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also generated in a time-dependent manner. Following knock-down of the p47phox expression, which is required for ROS activation, or co-treatment with the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, ZA-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed in both osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. The ROS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways did not trigger cell apoptosis. However, a ROS-regulated Mcl-1 decrease simultaneously with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β promoted cell apoptosis. These findings show that ZA induces apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells by triggering ROS- and GSK-3β-mediated Mcl-1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Tai
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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48
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Alliin Attenuated RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species through Inhibiting Nox1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091516. [PMID: 27657047 PMCID: PMC5037793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy skeleton requires a perfect coordination of the formation and degradation of bone. Metabolic bone disease like osteoporosis is resulted from the imbalance of bone formation and/or bone resorption. Osteoporosis also reflects lower level of bone matrix, which is contributed by up-regulated osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. It is reported that monocytes/macrophage progenitor cells or either hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) gave rise to multinucleated osteoclasts. Thus, inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption generally seems to be a predominant therapy for treating osteoporosis. Recently, more and more natural compounds have been discovered, which have the ability of inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and fusion. Alliin (S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxides, SACSO) is the major component of aged garlic extract (AGE), bearing broad-spectrum natural antioxidant properties. However, its effects on bone health have not yet been explored. Hence, we designed the current study to explore its effects and role in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast fusion and differentiation. It was revealed that alliin had an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway. In addition, alliin decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulated the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). The overall results revealed that alliin could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Ming W, Lu G, Xin S, Huanyu L, Yinghao J, Xiaoying L, Chengming X, Banjun R, Li W, Zifan L. Mitochondria related peptide MOTS-c suppresses ovariectomy-induced bone loss via AMPK activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:412-419. [PMID: 27237975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting bone loss has been the focus of the study in osteoporosis. The present study is intended to evaluate whether MOTS-c, a novel mitochondria related 16 aa peptide, can protect mice from ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. After ovary removal, the mice were injected with MOTS-c at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 12 weeks. Our results showed that MOTS-c treatment significantly alleviated bone loss, as determined by micro-CT examination. Mechanistically, we found that the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation was remarkably inhibited by MOTS-c. Moreover, MOTS-c increased phosphorylated AMPK levels, and compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, could partially abrogate the effects of the MOTS-c on osteoclastogenesis. Thus, our findings provide evidence that MOTS-c may exert as an inhibitor of osteoporosis via AMPK dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Gan Lu
- Department of Gynecology of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, PR China.
| | - Sha Xin
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Lu Huanyu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Jiang Yinghao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Lei Xiaoying
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xu Chengming
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Ruan Banjun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Lu Zifan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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50
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An J, Hao D, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yang H. Natural products for treatment of bone erosive diseases: The effects and mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:118-131. [PMID: 27131574 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption plays a central role on the development of bone erosive diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Osteoclasts, bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from hemopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective therapeutic target to the treatment of pathological bone loss. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against bone-lytic diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities, which are more suitable for long-term use than chemically synthesized medicines. In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from medical plants with potential anti-resorptive effects and their molecular mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclast formation and function. The active ingredients derived from natural plants that are efficacious in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption include flavonoids, terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids), glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols, limonoids, quinones and others (steroid, oxoxishhone, fatty acid). Studies have shown that above natural products exert the inhibitory effects via regulating many factors involved in the process of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, including the essential cytokines (RANKL, M-CSF), transcription factors (NFATc1, c-Fos), signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPKs, Src/PI3K/Akt, the calcium ion signaling), osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, CTSK, MMP-9, integrin β3, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2) and local factors (ROS, LPS, NO). The development of osteoclast-targeting natural products is of great value for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases and for bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
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