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Zhao Q, Chen X, Qu N, Qiu J, Zhang B, Xia C. PLCγ1 deficiency in chondrocytes accelerates the age-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70027. [PMID: 39159149 PMCID: PMC11332598 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the most prominent risk for osteoarthritis (OA) development. This study aimed to investigate the role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) 1, previously linked to OA progression, in regulating age-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. d-galactose (d-Gal) was employed to treat chondrocytes from rats and mice or injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice. RTCA, qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation, matrix synthesis, senescence genes and senescence-associated secretory phenotype, along with PLCγ1 expression. Subchondral bone morphology was assessed through micro-CT. In mice with chondrocyte-specific Plcg1 deficiency (Plcg1flox/flox; Col2a1-CreERT), articular cartilage and subchondral bone were examined over different survival periods. Our results showed that d-Gal induced chondrocyte senescence, expedited articular cartilage ageing and caused subchondral bone abnormalities. In d-Gal-induced chondrocytes, diminished PLCγ1 expression was observed, and its further inhibition by U73122 exacerbated chondrocyte senescence. Plcg1flox/flox; Col2a1-CreERT mice exhibited more pronounced age-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone compared to Plcg1flox/flox mice. Therefore, not only does d-Gal induce senescence in chondrocytes and age-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as diminished PLCγ1 expression, but PLCγ1 deficiency in chondrocytes may also accelerate age-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. PLCγ1 may be a promising therapeutic target for mitigating age-related changes in joint tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery & Sports MedicineZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery & Sports MedicineZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ning Qu
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Joint Surgery & Sports MedicineZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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2
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Mariano A, Ammendola S, Migliorini A, Leopizzi M, Raimondo D, Scotto d'Abusco A. Intron retention in PI-PLC γ1 mRNA as a key mechanism affecting MMP expression in human primary fibroblast-like synovial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4091. [PMID: 38973151 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The intron retention (IR) is a phenomenon utilized by cells to allow diverse fates at the same mRNA, leading to a different pattern of synthesis of the same protein. In this study, we analyzed the modulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzymes by Harpagophytum procumbens extract (HPE) in synoviocytes from joins of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In some samples, the PI-PLC γ1 isoform mature mRNA showed the IR and, in these synoviocytes, the HPE treatment increased the phenomenon. Moreover, we highlighted that as a consequence of IR, a lower amount of PI-PLC γ1 was produced. The decrease of PI-PLC γ1 was associated with the decrease of metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 after HPE treatment. The altered expression of MMPs is a hallmark of the onset and progression of OA, thus substances able to decrease their expression are very desirable. The interesting outcomes of this study are that 35% of analyzed synovial tissues showed the IR phenomenon in the PI-PLC γ1 mRNA and that the HPE treatment increased this phenomenon. For the first time, we found that the decrease of PI-PLC γ1 protein in synoviocytes interferes with MMP production, thus affecting the pathways involved in the MMP expression. This finding was validated by the silencing of PI-PLC γ1 in synoviocytes where the IR phenomenon was not present. Our results shed new light on the biochemical mechanisms involved in the degrading enzyme production in the joint of OA patients, suggesting a new therapeutic target and highlighting the importance of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Migliorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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Jin Q, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Sun Z, Shi Y, Yan H, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao Z. CAMK1D Inhibits Glioma Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845036. [PMID: 35494053 PMCID: PMC9043760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein ID (CAMK1D) is widely expressed in many tissues and involved in tumor cell growth. However, its role in gliomas has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CAMK1D in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma. Through online datasets, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis, glioma tissue has significantly lower CAMK1D expression levels than normal brain (NB) tissues, and CAMK1D expression was positively correlated with the WHO classification. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that CAMK1D can be used as a potential prognostic indicator to predict the overall survival of glioma patients. In addition, colony formation assay, cell counting Kit-8, and xenograft experiment identified that knockdown of CAMK1D promotes the proliferation of glioma cells. Transwell and wound healing assays identified that knockdown of CAMK1D promoted the invasion and migration of glioma cells. In the above experiments, the results of overexpression of CAMK1D were all contrary to those of knockdown. In terms of mechanism, this study found that CAMK1D regulates the function of glioma cells by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CAMK1D serves as a prognostic predictor and a new target for developing therapeutics to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongshan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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Bauza‐Mayol G, Quintela M, Brozovich A, Hopson M, Shaikh S, Cabrera F, Shi A, Niclot FB, Paradiso F, Combellack E, Jovic T, Rees P, Tasciotti E, Francis LW, Mcculloch P, Taraballi F. Biomimetic Scaffolds Modulate the Posttraumatic Inflammatory Response in Articular Cartilage Contributing to Enhanced Neoformation of Cartilaginous Tissue In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101127. [PMID: 34662505 PMCID: PMC11469755 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Focal chondral lesions of the knee are the most frequent type of trauma in younger patients and are associated with a high risk of developing early posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The only current clinical solutions include microfracture, osteochondral grafting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. Cartilage tissue engineering based on biomimetic scaffolds has become an appealing strategy to repair cartilage defects. Here, a chondrogenic collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffold is tested in an orthotopic Lapine in vivo model to understand the beneficial effects of the immunomodulatory biomaterial on the full chondral defect. Using a combination of noninvasive imaging techniques, histological and whole transcriptome analysis, the scaffolds are shown to enhance the formation of cartilaginous tissue and suppression of host cartilage degeneration, while also supporting tissue integration and increased tissue regeneration over a 12 weeks recovery period. The results presented suggest that biomimetic materials could be a clinical solution for cartilage tissue repair, due to their ability to modulate the immune environment in favor of regenerative processes and suppression of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bauza‐Mayol
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology GroupSwansea University Medical SchoolSingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Marcos Quintela
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology GroupSwansea University Medical SchoolSingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
- Texas A&M College of MedicineBryanTX77807USA
| | - Michael Hopson
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Shazad Shaikh
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Fernando Cabrera
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Aaron Shi
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Federica Banche Niclot
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Polytechnic of TurinDepartment of Applied Science and TechnologyCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
| | - Francesca Paradiso
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology GroupSwansea University Medical SchoolSingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Emman Combellack
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research GroupSwansea University Medical SchoolSingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Tom Jovic
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research GroupSwansea University Medical SchoolSingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PPUK
| | - Paul Rees
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | | | - Lewis W. Francis
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Patrick Mcculloch
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal RegenerationHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner Ave.HoustonTX77030USA
- Orthopedics & Sports MedicineHouston Methodist Hospital6550 Fannin St.HoustonTX77030USA
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5
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The TLR-2/TonEBP signaling pathway regulates 29-kDa fibronectin fragment-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8891. [PMID: 33903620 PMCID: PMC8076285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP; nuclear factor of activated T cells 5) is a transcription factor that responds to changes in osmolality. However, recent studies have shown that it also modulates immune responses under inflammatory conditions independently of hyperosmolality. Fibronectin fragments (FN-fs), which are abundant in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), induce expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) signaling pathway. In this study we examined whether TonEBP is involved in 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of MMPs. The expression of TonEBP was significantly higher in human osteoarthritis compared with normal cartilage samples. 29-kDa FN-f affected the expression of MMPs 1, 3, and 13 via TonEBP, and expression and nuclear accumulation of TonEBP were induced by activation of the phospholipase C/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and, in particular, modulated by TLR-2. In addition, 29-kDa FN-f induced the expression of osmoregulatory genes, including Tau-T, SMIT, and AR, as well as voltage-dependent calcium channels via the TonEBP/TLR-2 signaling pathway. These results show that 29-kDa FN-f upregulates MMPs in chondrocytes via the TLR-2/TonEBP signaling pathway.
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Chen X, Chen R, Xu Y, Xia C. PLCγ1 inhibition combined with inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis increases cartilage matrix synthesis in IL-1β-treated rat chondrocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:435-445. [PMID: 33326693 PMCID: PMC7876495 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related, chronic degenerative disease. With the increasing median age of the population, this disease has become an important public health problem. New, disease-modifying therapies are needed. A potential novel molecular target is phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), a critical enzyme with important functions including calcium signaling regulation and cell proliferation. In rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β (20 ng·mL-1 for 36 h), inhibition of PLCγ1 with U73122 (2 μm for 12 h) increased levels and expression of the cartilage matrix components Collagen2 and Aggrecan. This beneficial effect of PLCγ1 inhibition was counteracted by increased chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, increased cell death, and increase levels of ROS, all potentially negative for OA. Combined treatment of IL-1β + U73122-treated chondrocytes with inhibitors of apoptosis (Z-VAD, 10 μm) and necroptosis (Nec-1, 30 μm) enhanced the increases in levels and expression of Collagen2 and Aggrecan, and prevented the increases in cell death and ROS levels. These results suggest that PLCγ1 inhibition may be a viable approach for an OA therapy, if combined with targeted inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ri Chen
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityChina
| | - Yang Xu
- Zhongshan HospitalXiamen UniversityChina
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan HospitalXiamen UniversityChina
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7
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Knockdown of TRAF6 inhibits chondrocytes apoptosis and inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1929-1938. [PMID: 33502650 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a regulator of NF-κB signaling, has been discovered recently to be probably related to osteoarthritis, while the function of TRAF6 in lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis(FJOA)still remains unknown. The aim of this study was to probe the specific function of TRAF6 in chondrocytes and its connection with the pathophysiology of FJOA. We found upregulation of TRAF6 in FJOA cartilage by western blot analysis. In vitro, we stimulated immortalized human chondrocytes by LPS to establish the cells apoptosis model. Western blot analysis demonstrated that levels of TRAF6 and cleaved caspase-3/8 in the chondrocyte injury model increased significantly. Knockdown of TRAF6 suppressed the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by LPS, and alleviated cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, western blot and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that IκBα degradation and p65 nuclear transportation were also inhibited, revealing that knockdown of TRAF6 suppressed activation of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced chondrocytes apoptosis model. Collectively, our findings suggest that TRAF6 plays a crucial role in FJOA development by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Knockdown of TRAF6 may supply a potential therapeutic strategy for FJOA.
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8
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Chen X, Wang Y, Qu N, Zhang B, Xia C. PLCγ1 inhibition-driven autophagy of IL-1β-treated chondrocyte confers cartilage protection against osteoarthritis, involving AMPK, Erk and Akt. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1531-1545. [PMID: 33372388 PMCID: PMC7875910 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified the involvement of phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PLC) γ1 in some events of chondrocytes. This study aims to investigate whether and how PLCγ1 modulates autophagy to execute its role in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Rat normal or human OA chondrocytes were pretreated with IL‐1β for mimicking or sustaining OA pathological condition. Using Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, qPCR, immunofluorescence and Dimethylmethylene blue assays, and ELISA and transmission electron microscope techniques, we found that PLCγ1 inhibitor U73122 enhanced Collagen II, Aggrecan and GAG levels, accompanied with increased LC3B‐II/I ratio and decreased P62 expression level, whereas autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine partially diminished its effect. Meanwhile, U73122 dissociated Beclin1 from Beclin1‐IP3R‐Bcl‐2 complex and blocked mTOR/ULK1 axis, in which the crosstalk between PLCγ1, AMPK, Erk and Akt were involved. Additionally, by haematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O/Fast green, and immunohistochemistry staining, we observed that intra‐articular injection of Ad‐shPLCγ1‐1/2 significantly enhanced Collagen and Aggrecan levels, accompanied with increased LC3B and decreased P62 levels in a rat OA model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection. Consequently, PLCγ1 inhibition‐driven autophagy conferred cartilage protection against OA through promoting ECM synthesis in OA chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro, involving the crosstalk between PLCγ1, AMPK, Erk and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Qu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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9
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Li D, Yang C, Yin C, Zhao F, Chen Z, Tian Y, Dang K, Jiang S, Zhang W, Zhang G, Qian A. LncRNA, Important Player in Bone Development and Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:50-66. [PMID: 31483238 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190904161707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is an important tissue and its normal function requires tight coordination of transcriptional networks and signaling pathways, and many of these networks/ pathways are dysregulated in pathological conditions affecting cartilage and bones. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a class of RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, lack of protein-coding potential, and exhibiting a wide range of biological functions. Although studies on lcnRNAs are still in their infancy, they have emerged as critical players in bone biology and bone diseases. The functions and exact mechanism of bone-related lncRNAs have not been fully classified yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to summarize the current literature on lncRNAs on the basis of their role in bone biology and diseases, focusing on their emerging molecular mechanism, pathological implications and therapeutic potential. DISCUSSION A number of lncRNAs have been identified and shown to play important roles in multiple bone cells and bone disease. The function and mechanism of bone-related lncRNA remain to be elucidated. CONCLUSION At present, majority of knowledge is limited to cellular levels and less is known on how lncRNAs could potentially control the development and homeostasis of bone. In the present review, we highlight some lncRNAs in the field of bone biology and bone disease. We also delineate some lncRNAs that might have deep impacts on understanding bone diseases and providing new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijie Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Xiao Z, Wang J, Chen S, Feng Y. Autophagy promotion enhances the protective effect of Morroniside on human OA chondrocyte. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:989-996. [PMID: 31983285 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1717925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Morroniside plays a therapeutic role in knee osteoarthritis (OA) by protecting chondrocytes. PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in the regulation of chondrocytes by Morroniside. PI3K/AKT suppresses autophagy through downstream signaling. However, the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy by Morroniside and the significance of the above effect on protecting chondrocytes aren't clear. The results showed that Morroniside inhibited the autophagiy of human OA chondrocytes. Besides, both PI3K inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors significantly reversed the autophagy reduced by Morroniside, but had no effect on the protective effect of Morroniside on chondrocytes. However, the enhanced autophagy caused by overexpression of autophagic genes enhanced the protective effect of Morroniside on chondrocytes. In conclusion, Morroniside represses the autophagy of human OA chondrocyte, which is related to PI3K/mTOR pathway. Moreover, the upregulation of autophagy further promoted the role of Morroniside in treating chondrocytes. Our data present a potential clue for the therapeutic strategies of Morroniside in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated Xiamen University Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated Xiamen University Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sunyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated Xiamen University Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated Xiamen University Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Zhang C, Smith MP, Zhou GK, Lai A, Hoy RC, Mroz V, Torre OM, Laudier DM, Bradley EW, Westendorf JJ, Iatridis JC, Illien-Jünger S. Phlpp1 is associated with human intervertebral disc degeneration and its deficiency promotes healing after needle puncture injury in mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:754. [PMID: 31582730 PMCID: PMC6776553 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Back pain is a leading cause of global disability and is strongly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). Hallmarks of IDD include progressive cell loss and matrix degradation. The Akt signaling pathway regulates cellularity and matrix production in IVDs and its inactivation is known to contribute to a catabolic shift and increased cell loss via apoptosis. The PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (Phlpp1) directly regulates Akt signaling and therefore may play a role in regulating IDD, yet this has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate if Phlpp1 has a role in Akt dysregulation during IDD. In human IVDs, Phlpp1 expression was positively correlated with IDD and the apoptosis marker cleaved Caspase-3, suggesting a key role of Phlpp1 in the progression of IDD. In mice, 3 days after IVD needle puncture injury, Phlpp1 knockout (KO) promoted Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation, with less apoptosis. At 2 and 8 months after injury, Phlpp1 deficiency also had protective effects on IVD cellularity, matrix production, and collagen structure as measured with histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Specifically, Phlpp1-deletion resulted in enhanced nucleus pulposus matrix production and more chondrocytic cells at 2 months, and increased IVD height, nucleus pulposus cellularity, and extracellular matrix deposition 8 months after injury. In conclusion, Phlpp1 has a role in limiting cell survival and matrix degradation in IDD and research targeting its suppression could identify a potential therapeutic target for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Zhang
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - George K Zhou
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alon Lai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Hoy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Mroz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Svenja Illien-Jünger
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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He A, Ning Y, Wen Y, Cai Y, Xu K, Cai Y, Han J, Liu L, Du Y, Liang X, Li P, Fan Q, Hao J, Wang X, Guo X, Ma T, Zhang F. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:343-350. [PMID: 29922454 PMCID: PMC5987683 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.bjr-2017-0284.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of genes and are likely to regulate the OA transcriptome. We performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in osteoarthritic cartilage. Patients and Methods Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of articular cartilage from five patients with OA of the knee and five healthy controls was conducted using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, California). Other independent genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of articular cartilage from three patients with OA and three healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Integrative pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles was performed using integrated analysis of cross-platform microarray and pathway software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results We identified 1265 differentially methylated genes, of which 145 are associated with significant changes in gene expression, such as DLX5, NCOR2 and AXIN2 (all p-values of both DNA methylation and mRNA expression < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis identified 26 OA-associated pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (p = 6.25 × 10-4), phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system (p = 4.38 × 10-3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway (p = 8.63 × 10-3 pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis (p = 0.017), ErbB signalling pathway (p = 0.024), inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism (p = 0.025), and calcium signalling pathway (p = 0.032). Conclusion We identified a group of genes and biological pathwayswhich were significantly different in both DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles between patients with OA and controls. These results may provide new clues for clarifying the mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Cite this article: A. He, Y. Ning, Y. Wen, Y. Cai, K. Xu, Y. Cai, J. Han, L. Liu, Y. Du, X. Liang, P. Li, Q. Fan, J. Hao, X. Wang, X. Guo, T. Ma, F. Zhang. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:343–350. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0284.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - K Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J Han
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - P Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Fan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J Hao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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13
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Cai H, Qu N, Chen X, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Zhang B, Xia C. The inhibition of PLCγ1 protects chondrocytes against osteoarthritis, implicating its binding to Akt. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4461-4474. [PMID: 29435116 PMCID: PMC5796987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have addressed the involvement of phosphoinositide-specifc phospholipase γ1 (PLCγ1) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, but it is not ascertained the possibility of them to be potential targets for OA therapy. Here, through local intra-articular injection of PLCγ or Akt inhibitor in a rat OA model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction plus medial meniscus resection, the architecture of chondrocyte and matrix organization of articular cartilage were observed using histopathological assays and Aggrecan, Col2, PLCγ1, and Akt levels were detected using immunohistochemistry assays. By treatment of Akt or PLCγ inhibitor and transfection of different PLCγ1- or Akt-expressing vectors in rat OA model chondrocytes, Aggrecan, Col2, PLCγ1, p-PLCγ1, Akt, and p-Akt levels were detected using western blotting analysis. The binding between PLCγ1 and Akt was assessed with co-immunoprecipitation assays in human OA chondrocytes. These results showed that PLCγ inhibition protected chondrocytes against OA, but Akt inhibition did not dramatically aggravate OA progression. There were mutual antagonism and binding between PLCγ1 and Akt that could be regulated by their phosphorylation levels. Consequently, the data reveal that the inhibition of PLCγ1 may provide an attractive therapeutic target for OA therapy, implicating its binding to Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heguo Cai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian 361004, China.,The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian, China, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Ning Qu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Xinpeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian 361004, China
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14
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Different roles of Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin in serum‑dependent chondroprotection of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:977-984. [PMID: 29207056 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various animal serums being used widely to culture chondrocytes, the regulatory mechanism of serum on chondrocyte activities has not been elucidated. In the present study, human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes were used to perform in vitro investigations on the effect of different concentrations of bovine fetal serum on extracellular matrix synthesis, cell proliferation and autophagy using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 analysis, a laser‑scanning confocal microscope, and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that 5% serum exerted a chondroprotective effect more than the other concentrations of serum, as it simultaneously promoted cell proliferation, autophagy, and ECM synthesis in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, the decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased Akt were observed in 5% serum‑treated OA chondrocytes. Either mTOR or Akt inhibitor influenced the effect of 5% serum on cell proliferation and autophagy in human OA chondrocytes, which was associated with LC‑3B or B‑cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl‑2) signal molecules. Consistent with previous studies, the present study proposes that 5% serum promotes cell proliferation via the Akt/Bcl‑2 axis and induces autophagy via the mTOR/LC‑3B axis in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, the different roles of Akt and mTOR in the cell processes of human OA chondrocytes require consideration for preclinical and clinical therapy of OA.
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15
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Lolli A, Penolazzi L, Narcisi R, van Osch GJVM, Piva R. Emerging potential of gene silencing approaches targeting anti-chondrogenic factors for cell-based cartilage repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3451-3465. [PMID: 28434038 PMCID: PMC11107620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of cartilage repair has exponentially been growing over the past decade. Here, we discuss the possibility to achieve satisfactory regeneration of articular cartilage by means of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) depleted of anti-chondrogenic factors and implanted in the site of injury. Different types of molecules including transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, secreted proteins, and microRNAs have recently been identified as negative modulators of chondroprogenitor differentiation and chondrocyte function. We review the current knowledge about these molecules as potential targets for gene knockdown strategies using RNA interference (RNAi) tools that allow the specific suppression of gene function. The critical issues regarding the optimization of the gene silencing approach as well as the delivery strategies are discussed. We anticipate that further development of these techniques will lead to the generation of implantable hMSCs with enhanced potential to regenerate articular cartilage damaged by injury, disease, or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lolli
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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16
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Luo H, Yao L, Zhang Y, Li R. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals chondroprotective effects of astragaloside IV in interleukin-1β-induced SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:796-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Berridge MJ. The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1261-96. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca2+) signaling pathway that operates through either primary or modulatory mechanisms. In its primary role, it generates the Ca2+ that acts directly to control processes such as metabolism, secretion, fertilization, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. Its modulatory role occurs in excitable cells where it modulates the primary Ca2+ signal generated by the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-operated channels that releases Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYRs) on the internal stores. In carrying out this modulatory role, the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway induces subtle changes in the generation and function of the voltage-dependent primary Ca2+ signal. Changes in the nature of both the primary and modulatory roles of InsP3/Ca2+ signaling are a contributory factor responsible for the onset of a large number human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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18
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Gao G, He J, Nong L, Xie H, Huang Y, Xu N, Zhou D. Periodic mechanical stress induces the extracellular matrix expression and migration of rat nucleus pulposus cells by upregulating the expression of intergrin α1 and phosphorylation of downstream phospholipase Cγ1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2457-64. [PMID: 27484337 PMCID: PMC4991676 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain and an important socioeconomic burden. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in the interverterbal disk is important for IDD. Stress of a suitable frequency and amplitude promotes the synthesis of the ECM of NP cells, however, the associated mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated The present study aimed to investigate the effect of integrin α1 on the migration and ECM synthesis of NP cells under soft periodic mechanical stress. Rat NP cells were isolated and plated onto slides, and were then treated with or without the use of a periodic mechanical stress system. The expression levels of integrin α1, α5 and αv, ECM collagen 2A1 (Col2A1) and aggrecan, and the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Cell migration was assayed using a scratch experiment. The results showed that exposure to periodic mechanical stress significantly induced the mRNA expression levels of Col2A1 and aggrecan, cell migration, mRNA expression of integrin α1 and phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 of the NP, compared with the control (P<0.05). Inhibition of the PLCγ1 protein by U73122 significantly decreased the ECM expression under periodic mechanical stress (P<0.05). Small interfering RNA-mediated integrin α1 gene knockdown suppressed the mRNA expression levels of Col2A1 and aggrecan, and suppressed the migration and phosphorylation of PLCγ1 of the NP cells under periodic mechanical stress, compared with the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, periodic mechanical stress induced ECM expression and the migration of NP cells via upregulating the expression of integrin α1 and the phosphorylation of downstream PLCγ1. These findings provide novel information to aid the understanding of the pathogenesis and development of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu 213200, P.R. China
| | - Luming Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu 213200, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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19
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DAG/PKCδ and IP3/Ca²⁺/CaMK IIβ Operate in Parallel to Each Other in PLCγ1-Driven Cell Proliferation and Migration of Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells, through Akt/mTOR/S6 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28510-22. [PMID: 26633375 PMCID: PMC4691063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide specific phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) activates diacylglycerol (DAG)/protein kinase C (PKC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) axes to regulate import events in some cancer cells, including gastric adenocarcinoma cells. However, whether DAG/PKCδ and IP3/Ca2+/CaMK IIβ axes are simultaneously involved in PLCγ1-driven cell proliferation and migration of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and the underlying mechanism are not elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of DAG/PKCδ or CaMK IIβ in PLCγ1-driven cell proliferation and migration of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, using the BGC-823 cell line. The results indicated that the inhibition of PKCδ and CaMK IIβ could block cell proliferation and migration of BGC-823 cells as well as the effect of inhibiting PLCγ1, including the decrease of cell viability, the increase of apoptotic index, the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression level, and the decrease of cell migration rate. Both DAG/PKCδ and CaMK IIβ triggered protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 pathway to regulate protein synthesis. The data indicate that DAG/PKCδ and IP3/Ca2+/CaMK IIβ operate in parallel to each other in PLCγ1-driven cell proliferation and migration of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells through Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway, with important implication for validating PLCγ1 as a molecular biomarker in early gastric cancer diagnosis and disease surveillance.
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20
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Liu Z, Cai H, Zheng X, Zhang B, Xia C. The Involvement of Mutual Inhibition of ERK and mTOR in PLCγ1-Mediated MMP-13 Expression in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17857-69. [PMID: 26247939 PMCID: PMC4576213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of whether ERK activation determines matrix synthesis or degradation in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis currently remains controversial. Our previous study shows that PLCγ1 and mTOR are involved in the matrix metabolism of OA cartilage. Investigating the interplays of PLCγ1, mTOR and ERK in matrix degradation of OA will facilitate future attempts to manipulate ERK in OA prevention and therapy. Here, cultured human normal chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes were treated with different inhibitors or transfected with expression vectors, respectively. The levels of ERK, p-ERK, PLCγ1, p-PLCγ1, mTOR, p-mTOR and MMP-13 were then evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The results manifested that the expression level of ERK in human OA chondrocytes was lower than that in human normal articular chondrocytes, and the up-regulation of ERK could promote matrix synthesis, including the decrease in MMP-13 level and the increase in Aggrecan level in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, the PLCγ1/ERK axis and a mutual inhibition of mTOR and ERK were observed in human OA chondrocytes. Interestingly, activated ERK had no inhibitory effect on MMP-13 expression in PLCγ1-transformed OA chondrocytes. Combined with our previous study, the non-effective state of ERK activation by PLCγ1 on MMP-13 may be partly attributed to the inhibition of the PLCγ1/mTOR axis on the PLCγ1/ERK axis. Therefore, the study indicates that the mutual inhibition of ERK and mTOR is involved in PLCγ1-mediated MMP-13 expression in human OA chondrocytes, with important implication for the understanding of OA pathogenesis as well as for its prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine & Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
- The People\\\'s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Heguo Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine & Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Xinpeng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine & Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Sports Medicine & Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.
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21
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Bradley EW, Carpio LR, Newton AC, Westendorf JJ. Deletion of the PH-domain and Leucine-rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 1 (Phlpp1) Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) 18 Expression and Promotes Chondrocyte Proliferation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16272-80. [PMID: 25953896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification orchestrates formation of the vertebrate skeleton and is often induced during disease and repair processes of the musculoskeletal system. Here we show that the protein phosphatase Phlpp1 regulates endochondral ossification. Phlpp1 null mice exhibit decreased bone mass and notable changes in the growth plate, including increased BrdU incorporation and matrix production. Phosphorylation of known Phlpp1 substrates, Akt2, PKC, and p70 S6 kinase, were enhanced in ex vivo cultured Phlpp1(-/-) chondrocytes. Furthermore, Phlpp1 deficiency diminished FoxO1 levels leading to increased expression of Fgf18, Mek/Erk activity, and chondrocyte metabolic activity. Phlpp inhibitors also increased matrix content, Fgf18 production and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Chemical inhibition of Fgfr-signaling abrogated elevated Erk1/2 phosphorylation and metabolic activity in Phlpp1-null cultures. These results demonstrate that Phlpp1 controls chondrogenesis via multiple mechanisms and that Phlpp1 inhibition could be a strategy to promote cartilage regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra C Newton
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and
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22
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Cheng L, Zeng G, Liu Z, Zhang B, Cui X, Zhao H, Zheng X, Song G, Kang J, Xia C. Protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase contribute to the chondroprotective effect of morroniside on osteoarthritis chondrocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1877-86. [PMID: 25754021 PMCID: PMC4549038 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the multifaceted roles of morroniside, the main active constituent of iridoid glycoside from Corni Fructus, the effect of morroniside on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the influence of morroniside on cultured human OA chondrocytes and a rat experimental model of OA. The results showed that morroniside enhanced the cell viability and the levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA), type II collagen and aggrecan in human OA chondrocytes, indicating that morroniside promoted chondrocyte survival and matrix synthesis. Furthermore, different doses of morroniside activated protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in human OA chondrocytes, and in turn, triggered AKT/S6 and ERK/P70S6K/S6 pathway, respectively. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the effect of morroniside on human OA chondrocytes, indicating that the activation of AKT and ERK contributed to the regulation of morroniside in human OA chondrocytes. In addition, the intra-articular injection of morroniside elevated the level of proteoglycans in cartilage matrix and the thickness of articular cartilage in a rat experimental model of OA, with the increase of AKT and ERK activation. As a consequence, morroniside has chondroprotective effect on OA chondrocytes, and may have the therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan, University of Jinan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Zeng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Honghai Zhao
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinpeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Song
- School of Medicine, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan, University of Jinan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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23
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive loss of articular cartilage, remodeling of the subchondral bone, and synovial inflammation. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that controls critical cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Recent studies suggest that mTOR plays a vital role in cartilage growth and development and in altering the articular cartilage homeostasis as well as contributing to the process of cartilage degeneration associated with OA. Both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of mTOR have been shown to reduce the severity of OA in preclinical mouse models. In this review article, we discuss the roles of mTOR in cartilage development, in maintaining articular cartilage homeostasis, and its potential as an OA therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandna Pal
- Division of Genetics and Development, The Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, The University Health Network (UHN), 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Helal Endisha
- Division of Genetics and Development, The Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, The University Health Network (UHN), 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Development, The Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, The University Health Network (UHN), 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Division of Genetics and Development, The Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, The University Health Network (UHN), 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Orthopaedics, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
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