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da Silva NS, Lombardi J, Kirchhoff F, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, de Oliveira ALR, Cartarozzi LP. Effects of local and systemic treatment with human natural killer-1 mimetic peptide (HNK-1) after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation in mice. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230065. [PMID: 38770186 PMCID: PMC11105159 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal ventral root injuries generate significant motoneuron degeneration, which hinders full functional recovery. The poor prognosis of functional recovery can be attributed to the use or combination of different therapeutic approaches. Several molecules have been screened as potential treatments in combination with surgical reimplantation of the avulsed roots, the gold standard approach for such injuries. Among the studied molecules, human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) stands out as it is related to the stimulation of motor axon outgrowth. Therefore, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of local administration of an HNK-1 mimetic peptide (mp-HNK-1) and systemic treatment with ursolic acid (UA), another HNK-1 mimetic, after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation with heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). Methods Female mice of the isogenic strain C57BL/6JUnib were divided into five experimental groups: Avulsion, Reimplantation, mp-HNK-1 (in situ), and UA (systemic treatment). Mice were evaluated 2 and 12 weeks after surgery. Functional assessment was performed every four days using the Catwalk platform. Neuronal survival was analyzed by cytochemistry, and glial reactions and synaptic coverage were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Treatment with UA elicited long-term neuroprotection, accompanied by a decrease in microglial reactions, and reactive astrogliosis. The neuroprotective effects of UA were preceded by increased glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs in the ventral spinal cord two weeks after injury. However, a single application of mp-HNK-1 had no significant effects. Functional analysis showed that UA treatment led to an improvement in motor and sensory recovery. Conclusion Overall, the results indicate that UA is neuroprotective, acting on glial cells and synaptic maintenance, and the combination of these findings led to a better functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scanavachia da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Lombardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Lima BHM, Cartarozzi LP, Kyrylenko S, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Embryonic stem cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF2 isoform enhance recovery of pre-ganglionic spinal root lesion in combination with fibrin biopolymer mediated root repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:63. [PMID: 38438875 PMCID: PMC10913678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal ventral root avulsion results in massive motoneuron degeneration with poor prognosis and high costs. In this study, we compared different isoforms of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), overexpressed in stably transfected Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), following motor root avulsion and repair with a heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). METHODS In the present work, hESCs bioengineered to overexpress 18, 23, and 31 kD isoforms of FGF2, were used in combination with reimplantation of the avulsed roots using HFB. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism software with one-way or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's or Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. Significance was set at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. RESULTS For the first set of experiments, rats underwent avulsion of the ventral roots with local administration of HFB and engraftment of hESCs expressing the above-mentioned FGF2 isoforms. Analysis of motoneuron survival, glial reaction, and synaptic coverage, two weeks after the lesion, indicated that therapy with hESCs overexpressing 31 kD FGF2 was the most effective. Consequently, the second set of experiments was performed with that isoform, so that ventral root avulsion was followed by direct spinal cord reimplantation. Motoneuron survival, glial reaction, synaptic coverage, and gene expression were analyzed 2 weeks post-lesion; while the functional recovery was evaluated by the walking track test and von Frey test for 12 weeks. We showed that engraftment of hESCs led to significant neuroprotection, coupled with immunomodulation, attenuation of astrogliosis, and preservation of inputs to the rescued motoneurons. Behaviorally, the 31 kD FGF2 - hESC therapy enhanced both motor and sensory recovery. CONCLUSION Transgenic hESCs were an effective delivery platform for neurotrophic factors, rescuing axotomized motoneurons and modulating glial response after proximal spinal cord root injury, while the 31 kD isoform of FGF2 showed superior regenerative properties over other isoforms in addition to the significant functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H M Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - S Kyrylenko
- Biomedical Research Center, Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Sumy, 40018, Ukraine
| | - R S Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - B Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18610-307, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L R Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil.
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Kempe PRG, de Castro MV, Khuriyeh VC, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira ALR. Ultrastructural Evidence of Synapse Preservation and Axonal Regeneration Following Spinal Root Repair with Fibrin Biopolymer and Therapy with Dimethyl Fumarate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3171. [PMID: 37571065 PMCID: PMC10421511 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes critical loss in motor and sensory function. Ventral root avulsion is an experimental model in which there is the tearing of the ventral (motor) roots from the surface of the spinal cord, resulting in several morphological changes, including motoneuron degeneration and local spinal cord circuitry rearrangements. Therefore, our goal was to test the combination of surgical repair of lesioned roots with a fibrin biopolymer and the pharmacological treatment with dimethyl fumarate, an immunomodulatory drug. Thus, adult female Lewis rats were subjected to unilateral ventral root avulsion of L4-L6 roots followed by repair with fibrin biopolymer and daily treatment with dimethyl fumarate (15 mg/Kg; gavage) for 4 weeks, the survival time post-surgery being 12 weeks; n = 5/group/technique. Treatments were evaluated by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, morphometry of the sciatic nerve, and motor function recovery. Our results indicate that the combination between fibrin biopolymer and dimethyl fumarate is neuroprotective since most of the synapses apposed to alfa motoneurons were preserved in clusters. Also, nerve sprouting occurred, and the restoration of the 'g' ratio and large axon diameter was achieved with the combined treatment. Such parameters were combined with up to 50% of gait recovery, observed by the walking track test. Altogether, our results indicate that combining root restoration with fibrin biopolymer and dimethyl fumarate administration can enhance motoneuron survival and regeneration after proximal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Regina Gelinski Kempe
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Mateus Vidigal de Castro
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Victor Campos Khuriyeh
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, SP, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (P.R.G.K.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.C.K.)
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Liu Y, Yue W, Yu S, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Song B, Guo T, Liu F, Huang Y, Wu T, Wang H. A physical perspective to understand myelin II: The physical origin of myelin development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951998. [PMID: 36263368 PMCID: PMC9574017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical principle of myelin development is obtained from our previous study by explaining Peter’s quadrant mystery: an externally applied negative and positive E-field can promote and inhibit the growth of the inner tongue of the myelin sheath, respectively. In this study, this principle is considered as a fundamental hypothesis, named Hypothesis-E, to explain more phenomena about myelin development systematically. Specifically, the g-ratio and the fate of the Schwann cell’s differentiation are explained in terms of the E-field. Moreover, an experiment is proposed to validate this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenji Yue
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shoujun Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Song
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tianzhun Wu,
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hao Wang,
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Zilundu PLM, Xu X, Liaquat Z, Wang Y, Zhong K, Fu R, Zhou L. Long-Term Suppression of c-Jun and nNOS Preserves Ultrastructural Features of Lower Motor Neurons and Forelimb Function after Brachial Plexus Roots Avulsion. Cells 2021; 10:1614. [PMID: 34203264 PMCID: PMC8307634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus root avulsions cause debilitating upper limb paralysis. Short-term neuroprotective treatments have reported preservation of motor neurons and function in model animals while reports of long-term benefits of such treatments are scarce, especially the morphological sequelae. This morphological study investigated the long-term suppression of c-Jun- and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (neuroprotective treatments for one month) on the motor neuron survival, ultrastructural features of lower motor neurons, and forelimb function at six months after brachial plexus roots avulsion. Neuroprotective treatments reduced oxidative stress and preserved ventral horn motor neurons at the end of the 28-day treatment period relative to vehicle treated ones. Motor neuron sparing was associated with suppression of c-Jun, nNOS, and pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and caspases at this time point. Following 6 months of survival, neutral red staining revealed a significant loss of most of the motor neurons and ventral horn atrophy in the avulsed C6, 7, and 8 cervical segments among the vehicle-treated rats (n = 4). However, rats that received neuroprotective treatments c-Jun JNK inhibitor, SP600125 (n = 4) and a selective inhibitor of nNOS, 7-nitroindazole (n = 4), retained over half of their motor neurons in the ipsilateral avulsed side compared. Myelinated axons in the avulsed ventral horns of vehicle-treated rats were smaller but numerous compared to the intact contralateral ventral horns or neuroprotective-treated groups. In the neuroprotective treatment groups, there was the preservation of myelin thickness around large-caliber axons. Ultrastructural evaluation also confirmed the preservation of organelles including mitochondria and synapses in the two groups that received neuroprotective treatments compared with vehicle controls. Also, forelimb functional evaluation demonstrated that neuroprotective treatments improved functional abilities in the rats. In conclusion, neuroprotective treatments aimed at suppressing degenerative c-Jun and nNOS attenuated apoptosis, provided long-term preservation of motor neurons, their organelles, ventral horn size, and forelimb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Last Mudenda Zilundu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (P.L.M.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.)
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (P.L.M.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zaara Liaquat
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, China;
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (P.L.M.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.)
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, China;
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (P.L.M.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, China;
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Spinal Reflex Recovery after Dorsal Rhizotomy and Repair with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Gel Combined with Bioengineered Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs). Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8834360. [PMID: 33178285 PMCID: PMC7647752 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8834360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root rhizotomy (DRZ) is currently considered an untreatable injury, resulting in the loss of sensitive function and usually leading to neuropathic pain. In this context, we recently proposed a new surgical approach to treat DRZ that uses platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel to restore the spinal reflex. Success was correlated with the reentry of primary afferents into the spinal cord. Here, aiming to enhance previous results, cell therapy with bioengineered human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was combined with PRP. For these experiments, adult female rats were submitted to a unilateral rhizotomy of the lumbar spinal dorsal roots, which was followed by root repair with PRP gel with or without bioengineered hESCs. One week after DRZ, the spinal cords were processed to evaluate changes in the glial response (GFAP and Iba-1) and excitatory synaptic circuits (VGLUT1) by immunofluorescence. Eight weeks postsurgery, the lumbar intumescences were processed for analysis of the repaired microenvironment by transmission electron microscopy. Spinal reflex recovery was evaluated by the electronic Von Frey method for eight weeks. The transcript levels for human FGF2 were over 37-fold higher in the induced hESCs than in the noninduced and the wildtype counterparts. Altogether, the results indicate that the combination of hESCs with PRP gel promoted substantial and prominent axonal regeneration processes after DRZ. Thus, the repair of dorsal roots, if done appropriately, may be considered an approach to regain sensory-motor function after dorsal root axotomy.
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Carvalho NZM, Chiarotto GB, Bernardes D, Kempe PRG, Oliveira ALR. Neuroprotection by dimethyl fumarate following ventral root crush in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:184-197. [PMID: 32866558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CNS lesions usually result in permanent loss of function and are an important problem in the medical field. In order to investigate neuroprotection/degeneration mechanisms and the synaptic plasticity of motoneurons, in addition to the potential for a variety of treatments, different experimental models of axonal injury have been proposed. Recent studies have tested the immunomodulatory drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and have shown promising outcomes. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the effects of DMF with regard to neuroprotection and its influence on the glial response in C57BL/6J animals subjected to crushing of the motor roots in the lumbar intumescence of the spinal cord. The animals were divided into a vehicle-treated injury group (0.08 % methylcellulose solution control group, n = 7) and injured groups treated with DMF at different doses (15, 30, 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg; n = 6-7 per dose). The 90 mg/kg dose showed the best neuroprotective results, so it was used for treatment over a period of eight weeks. Neuronal survival was assessed through Nissl staining, and functional recovery was evaluated with the CatWalk system (walking track test) and the von Frey test (mechanoreception). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess synaptic coverage and astroglial and microglial reactivity using the primary antibodies anti-synaptophysin (pre-synaptic terminal pan marker), GAD65 (GABAergic pre-synaptic terminations - inhibitory), and VGLUT1 (glutamatergic pre-synaptic terminations - excitatory). Glial reactions were evaluated with anti-IBA1 (microglia) and GFAP (astrocytes). Gene transcript levels of IL-3, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, iNOS-M1, and arginase-M2 were quantified by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that treatment with DMF, at a dose of 90 mg/kg, promoted neuroprotection and immunomodulation towards an anti-inflammatory response. It also resulted in greater preservation of inhibitory synapses and reduced astroglial reactivity, providing a more favorable environment for sensorimotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Bernardes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Brazil.
| | - Paula Regina Gelinski Kempe
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Yu Z, Li H, Xia P, Kong W, Chang Y, Fu C, Wang K, Yang X, Qi Z. Application of fibrin-based hydrogels for nerve protection and regeneration after spinal cord injury. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32774454 PMCID: PMC7397605 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic accidents, falls, and many other events may cause traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs), resulting in nerve cells and extracellular matrix loss in the spinal cord, along with blood loss, inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and others. The continuous development of neural tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention on the application of fibrin hydrogels in repairing SCIs. Except for excellent biocompatibility, flexibility, and plasticity, fibrin, a component of extracellular matrix (ECM), can be equipped with cells, ECM protein, and various growth factors to promote damage repair. This review will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of fibrin hydrogels from different sources, as well as the various modifications for internal topographical guidance during the polymerization. From the perspective of further improvement of cell function before and after the delivery of stem cell, cytokine, and drug, this review will also evaluate the application of fibrin hydrogels as a carrier to the therapy of nerve repair and regeneration, to mirror the recent development tendency and challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Weijian Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street No. 218, Changchun, TX 130041 PR China
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Morrey JD, Oliveira ALR, Wang H, Zukor K, de Castro MV, Siddharthan V. Zika virus infection causes temporary paralysis in adult mice with motor neuron synaptic retraction and evidence for proximal peripheral neuropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19531. [PMID: 31862897 PMCID: PMC6925114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence is mounting that Zika virus can contribute to Guillain-Barré syndrome which causes temporary paralysis, yet the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of temporary acute flaccid paralysis caused by Zika virus infection in aged interferon αβ-receptor knockout mice used for their susceptibility to infection. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of mice infected subcutaneously with Zika virus developed motor deficits including acute flaccid paralysis that peaked 8-10 days after viral challenge. These mice recovered within a week. Despite Zika virus infection in the spinal cord, motor neurons were not destroyed. We examined ultrastructures of motor neurons and synapses by transmission electron microscopy. The percent coverage of motor neurons by boutons was reduced by 20%; more specifically, flattened-vesicle boutons were reduced by 46%, and were normalized in recovering mice. Using electromyographic procedures employed in people to help diagnose Guillain-Barré syndrome, we determined that nerve conduction velocities between the sciatic notch and the gastrocnemius muscle were unchanged in paralyzed mice. However, F-wave latencies were increased in paralyzed mice, which suggests that neuropathy may exist between the sciatic notch to the nerve rootlets. Reversible synaptic retraction may be a previously unrecognized cofactor along with peripheral neuropathy for the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome during Zika virus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America.
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | - Katherine Zukor
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
| | | | - Venkatraman Siddharthan
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5600, United States of America
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Buchaim DV, Cassaro CV, Shindo JVTC, Coletta BBD, Pomini KT, Rosso MPDO, Campos LMG, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Buchaim RL. Unique heterologous fibrin biopolymer with hemostatic, adhesive, sealant, scaffold and drug delivery properties: a systematic review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190038. [PMID: 31839802 PMCID: PMC6894437 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin biopolymers, previously referred as "fibrin glue" or "fibrin sealants", are natural biomaterials with diverse applications on health. They have hemostatic, adhesive, sealant, scaffold and drug delivery properties and have become widely used in medical and dental procedures. Historically, these biomaterials are produced from human fibrinogen and human or animal thrombin, and the possibility of transmission of infectious diseases by human blood is not ruled out. In the 1990s, to overcome this problem, a new heterologous biomaterial composed of a thrombin-like enzyme purified from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and a cryoprecipitate rich in fibrinogen extracted from buffaloes Bubalus bubalis blood has been proposed. Therefore, a systematic review of studies on exclusively heterologous fibrin sealants published between 1989 and 2018 was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. The keyword used was "heterologous fibrin sealant". The search resulted in 35 scientific papers in PubMed, four in SciELO and 674 in Google Scholar. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria and complete reading of the articles, 30 studies were selected, which formed the basis of this systematic review. It has been observed that the only completely heterologous sealant is the one produced by CEVAP/UNESP. This heterologous biopolymer is proven effective by several studies published in refereed scientific journals. In addition, clinical trials phase I/II for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers authorized by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) were completed. Preliminary results have indicated a safe and promising effective product. Phase III clinical trials will be proposed and required to validate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil.,Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vilalva Cassaro
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Botteon Della Coletta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil
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11
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Pomini KT, Buchaim DV, Andreo JC, Rosso MPDO, Della Coletta BB, German ÍJS, Biguetti ACC, Shinohara AL, Rosa Júnior GM, Cosin Shindo JVT, Alcalde MP, Duarte MAH, de Bortoli Teixeira D, Buchaim RL. Fibrin Sealant Derived from Human Plasma as a Scaffold for Bone Grafts Associated with Photobiomodulation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1761. [PMID: 30974743 PMCID: PMC6479442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin sealants derived from human blood can be used in tissue engineering to assist in the repair of bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the support system formed by a xenograft fibrin sealant associated with photobiomodulation therapy of critical defects in rat calvaria. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: BC (n = 8), defect filled with blood clot; FSB (n = 10), filled with fibrin sealant and xenograft; BCPBMT (n = 8), blood clot and photobiomodulation; FSBPBMT (n = 10), fibrin sealant, xenograft, and photobiomodulation. The animals were killed after 14 and 42 days. In the histological and microtomographic analysis, new bone formation was observed in all groups, limited to the defect margins, and without complete wound closure. In the FSB group, bone formation increased between periods (4.3 ± 0.46 to 6.01 ± 0.32), yet with lower volume density when compared to the FSBPBMT (5.6 ± 0.45 to 10.64 ± 0.97) group. It was concluded that the support system formed by the xenograft fibrin sealant associated with the photobiomodulation therapy protocol had a positive effect on the bone repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
- Department of Human Morphophysiology, Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil.
| | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruna Botteon Della Coletta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Íris Jasmin Santos German
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo 10203, Dominic Republic.
| | - Ana Carolina Cestari Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Shinohara
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Marco Rosa Júnior
- Department of Health Science, University of the Sacred Heart (USC), Bauru 17011-160, Brazil.
- Department of Anatomy, University of the Ninth of July (UNINOVE), Bauru 17011-102, Brazil.
| | - João Vitor Tadashi Cosin Shindo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Health Science, University of the Sacred Heart (USC), Bauru 17011-160, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira
- Department of Human Morphophysiology, Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
- Department of Human Morphophysiology, Medical and Dentistry School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil.
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12
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Spejo AB, Teles CB, Zuccoli GDS, Oliveira ALRD. Synapse preservation and decreased glial reactions following ventral root crush (VRC) and treatment with 4‐hydroxy‐tempo (TEMPOL). J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:520-534. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Barroso Spejo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão Teles
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Giuliana da Silva Zuccoli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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13
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Carone SEI, Menaldo DL, Sartim MA, Bernardes CP, Caetano RC, da Silva RR, Cabral H, Barraviera B, Ferreira Junior RS, Sampaio SV. BjSP, a novel serine protease from Bothrops jararaca snake venom that degrades fibrinogen without forming fibrin clots. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 357:50-61. [PMID: 30145175 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) are commonly described as capable of affecting hemostasis by interacting with several coagulation system components. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of BjSP from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, a serine protease with distinctive properties. This enzyme was isolated by three consecutive chromatographic steps and showed acidic character (pI 4.4), molecular mass of 28 kDa and N-carbohydrate content around 10%. Its partial amino acid sequence presented 100% identity to a serine protease cDNA clone previously identified from B. jararaca venom gland, but not yet isolated or characterized. BjSP was significantly inhibited by specific serine protease inhibitors and showed high stability at different pH values and temperatures. The enzyme displayed no effects on washed platelets, but was able to degrade fibrin clots in vitro and also the Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen differently from thrombin, forming additional fibrinopeptides derived from the Bβ chain, which should be related to its inability to coagulate fibrinogen solutions or platelet-poor plasma. In the mapping of catalytic subsites, the protease showed high hydrolytic specificity for tyrosine, especially in subsite S1. Additionally, its amidolytic activity on different chromogenic substrates suggests possible effects on other factors of the coagulation cascade. In conclusion, BjSP is a serine protease that acts nonspecifically on fibrinogen, generating different Bβ fibrinopeptides and thus not forming fibrin clots. Its distinguished properties in comparison to most SVSPs stimulate further studies in an attempt to validate its potential as a defibrinogenating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante E I Carone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo L Menaldo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Sartim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Bernardes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato C Caetano
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo R da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui S Ferreira Junior
- Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Mozafari R, Kyrylenko S, Castro MV, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Combination of heterologous fibrin sealant and bioengineered human embryonic stem cells to improve regeneration following autogenous sciatic nerve grafting repair. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:11. [PMID: 29681920 PMCID: PMC5897995 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical problem, and the preferred surgical method for treating it is the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. When it is not possible due to a large nerve gap, autologous nerve grafting is used. However, these surgical techniques result in nerve regeneration at highly variable degrees. It is thus very important to seek complementary techniques to improve motor and sensory recovery. One promising approach could be cell therapy. Transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is appealing because these cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into specialized cell types and have self-renewal ability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find conditions under which functional recovery is improved after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. We assumed that hESC, either alone or in combination with heterologous fibrin sealant scaffold, could be used to support regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury and repair via autografting with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Methods Five millimeters of the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 J mice were transected off and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and then stumps were sutured. Next, we applied heterologous fibrin sealant and/or human embryonic stem cells genetically altered to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) at the site of the injury. The study was designed to include six experimental groups comprising neurorrhaphy (N), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant (N + F), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + doxycycline (N + F + D), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + wild-type hESC (N + F + W), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC off (N + F + T), and neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC on via doxycycline (N + F + D + T). We evaluated the recovery rate using Catwalk and von Frey functional recovery tests, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The experiments indicated that sensory function improved when transgenic hESCs were used. The regeneration of sensory fibers indeed led to increased reflexes, upon stimulation of the paw ipsilateral to the lesion, as seen by von-Frey evaluation, which was supported by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Overall, the present data demonstrated that transgenic embryonic stem cells, engineered to overexpress FGF-2 in an inducible fashion, could be employed to support regeneration aiming at the recovery of both motor and sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mozafari
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- 2Department of Public Health, Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Sumy, 40007 Ukraine
| | - Mateus Vidigal Castro
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- 3Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- 3Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues Oliveira
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
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15
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Buchaim DV, Andreo JC, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Rodrigues ADC, Macedo MDC, Rosa Junior GM, Shinohara AL, Santos German IJ, Pomini KT, Buchaim RL. Efficacy of Laser Photobiomodulation on Morphological and Functional Repair of the Facial Nerve. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:442-449. [PMID: 28557664 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on qualitative, quantitative, and functional aspects in the facial nerve regeneration process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats were used, randomly divided into a control group (CG; n = 10), in which the facial nerve without lesion was collected, and four experimental groups: (1) suture experimental group (SEG) and (2) fibrin experimental group (FEG), consisting of 16 animals in which the buccal branch of the facial nerve was sectioned on both sides of the face; an end-to-end epineural suture was performed on the right side, and a fibrin sealant was used on the left side for coaptation of the stumps; and (3) laser suture experimental group (LSEG) and (4) laser fibrin experimental group (LFEG), consisting of 16 animals that underwent the same surgical procedures as SEG and FEG with the addition of laser application at three different points along the surgical site (pulsed laser of 830 nm wavelength, optical output power of 30 mW, power density of 0.2586 W/cm2, energy density of 6.2 J/cm2, beam area of 0.116 cm2, exposure time of 24 sec per point, total energy per session of 2.16 J, and cumulative dose of 34.56 J). The animals were submitted to functional analysis (subjective observation of whisker movement) and the data obtained were compared using Fisher's exact test. Euthanasia was performed at 5 and 10 weeks postoperative. The total number and density of regenerated axons were analyzed using the unpaired t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Laser therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number and density of regenerated axons. The LSEG and LFEG presented better scores in functional analysis in comparison with the SEG and FEG. CONCLUSIONS LLLT enhanced axonal regeneration and accelerated functional recovery of the whiskers, and both repair techniques allowed the growth of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- 3 Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista) , Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- 3 Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista) , Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio de Castro Rodrigues
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Cássia Macedo
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Luis Shinohara
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil
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16
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Ferreira RS, de Barros LC, Abbade LPF, Barraviera SRCS, Silvares MRC, de Pontes LG, Dos Santos LD, Barraviera B. Heterologous fibrin sealant derived from snake venom: from bench to bedside - an overview. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:21. [PMID: 28396682 PMCID: PMC5379742 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic and adhesive agents date back to World War II, when homologous fibrin sealant came onto scene. Considering that infectious diseases can be transmitted via human blood, a new heterologous fibrin sealant was standardized in the 1990s. Its components were a serine protease (a thrombin-like enzyme) extracted from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes and a fibrinogen-rich cryoprecipitate extracted from the blood of Bubalus bubalis buffaloes. This new bioproduct has been used as a coagulant, sealant, adhesive and recently as a candidate scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells and bone and cartilage repair. This review discusses the composition of a new heterologous fibrin sealant, and cites published articles related to its preclinical applications aiming at repairing nervous system traumas and regenerating bone marrow. Finally, we present an innovative safety trial I/II that found the product to be a safe and clinically promising candidate for treating chronic venous ulcers. A multicenter clinical trial, phase II/III, with a larger number of participants will be performed to prove the efficacy of an innovative biopharmaceutical product derived from animal venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,CEVAP/UNESP, Avenida José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Luciana Patrícia Fernandes Abbade
- Department of Dermatology and Radiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | | | - Maria Regina Cavariani Silvares
- Department of Dermatology and Radiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil.,Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
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17
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Direct Spinal Ventral Root Repair following Avulsion: Effectiveness of a New Heterologous Fibrin Sealant on Motoneuron Survival and Regeneration. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2932784. [PMID: 27642524 PMCID: PMC5013226 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2932784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal injuries at the interface between central and peripheral nervous system, such as ventral root avulsion (VRA), induce important degenerative processes, mostly resulting in neuronal and motor function loss. In the present work, we have compared two different fibrin sealants, one derived from human blood and another derived from animal blood and Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, as a promising treatment for this type of injury. Lewis rats were submitted to VRA (L4–L6) and had the avulsed roots reimplanted to the surface of the spinal cord, with the aid of fibrin sealant. The spinal cords were processed to evaluate neuronal survival, synaptic stability, and glial reactivity, 4 and 12 weeks after lesion. Sciatic nerves were processed to investigate Schwann cell activity by p75NTR expression (4 weeks after surgery) and to count myelinated axons and morphometric evaluation (12 weeks after surgery). Walking track test was used to evaluate gait recovery, up to 12 weeks. The results indicate that both fibrin sealants are similarly efficient. However, the snake-derived fibrin glue is a potentially safer alternative for being a biological and biodegradable product which does not contain human blood derivatives. Therefore, the venom glue can be a useful tool for the scientific community due to its advantages and variety of applications.
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18
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Eggers R, Tannemaat MR, De Winter F, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J. Clinical and neurobiological advances in promoting regeneration of the ventral root avulsion lesion. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:318-35. [PMID: 26415525 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Root avulsions due to traction to the brachial plexus causes complete and permanent loss of function. Until fairly recent, such lesions were considered impossible to repair. Here we review clinical repair strategies and current progress in experimental ventral root avulsion lesions. The current gold standard in patients with a root avulsion is nerve transfer, whereas reimplantation of the avulsed root into the spinal cord has been performed in a limited number of cases. These neurosurgical repair strategies have significant benefit for the patient but functional recovery remains incomplete. Developing new ways to improve the functional outcome of neurosurgical repair is therefore essential. In the laboratory, the molecular and cellular changes following ventral root avulsion and the efficacy of intervention strategies have been studied at the level of spinal motoneurons, the ventral spinal root and peripheral nerve, and the skeletal muscle. We present an overview of cell-based pharmacological and neurotrophic factor treatment approaches that have been applied in combination with surgical reimplantation. These interventions all demonstrate neuroprotective effects on avulsed motoneurons, often accompanied with various degrees of axonal regeneration. However, effects on survival are usually transient and robust axon regeneration over long distances has as yet not been achieved. Key future areas of research include finding ways to further extend the post-lesion survival period of motoneurons, the identification of neuron-intrinsic factors which can promote persistent and long-distance axon regeneration, and finally prolonging the pro-regenerative state of Schwann cells in the distal nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eggers
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J A Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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de Barros CN, Miluzzi Yamada AL, Junior RSF, Barraviera B, Hussni CA, de Souza JB, Watanabe MJ, Rodrigues CA, Garcia Alves AL. A new heterologous fibrin sealant as a scaffold to cartilage repair-Experimental study and preliminary results. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:1410-5. [PMID: 26264444 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215597192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. It presents the potential to be used as a biomaterial to help repair skin lesions or control bleeding, and it may also be used as a scaffold when applied together with various cell types. The intralesional use of the fibrin gel from the venom of this snake may improve surgical and clinical treatments in addition to being inexpensive and adequately consistent, durable, and stable. The new heterologous fibrin sealant is a scaffold candidate to cartilage repair in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Nunes de Barros
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Miluzzi Yamada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra F Junior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Brandão de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jun Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Antônio Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Rubião District, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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