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Liu Y, Wu D, Zhang K, Ren R, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Cheng J, Chen L, Huang J. Detection technology and clinical applications of serum viral products of hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1402001. [PMID: 39035352 PMCID: PMC11257880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1402001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, caused by its etiology, hepatitis virus, is a public health problem globally. Among all infections caused by hepatitis-associated viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the most serious medical concern. HBV infection particularly affects people in East Asia and Africa, the Mediterranean region, and Eastern Europe, with a prevalence rate of > 2%. Currently, approximately 1 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, and nearly 30% of them experience chronic infection. Chronic HBV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in the related death of approximately 1 million people annually. Although preventative vaccines and antiviral therapies are currently available, there is no cure for this infection. Clinical testing is not only the gateway for diagnosis of HBV infection, but also crucial for judging the timing of medication, evaluating the effect of antiviral therapy, and predicting the risk of relapse after drug withdrawal in the whole follow-up management of hepatitis B infected persons. With advances in detection technology, it is now possible to measure various viral components in the blood to assess the clinical status of HBV infection. Serum viral products of HBV infection, such as HBV DNA, HBV RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e-antigen, and hepatitis B core-related antigen, are non-invasive indicators that are critical for the rapid diagnosis and management of related diseases. Improving the sensitivity of monitoring of these products is essential, and the development of corresponding detection technologies is pivotal in achieving this goal. This review aims to offer valuable insights into CHB infection and references for its effective treatment. We provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of classical and novel methods for detecting HBV serum viral products and discusses their clinical applications, along with the latest research progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jilin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Cao M, Zhao Z, Tang Y, Wei Q, Wang L, Xiang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Lai G. A new hepatitis B virus e antigen-negative strain gene used as a reference sequence in an animal model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:502-507. [PMID: 29339154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative strains is increasingly prevalent. Currently, detailed information of the obtained natural HBV strain is not available except for the B genotype and HBeAg-negative. The aim of the present study was to characterize the natural genetic variation of the HBeAg-negative strain and investigate its function. The genic sequence was determined using Sanger sequencing, and compared to related sequences using alignment and phylogenetic analysis. In vivo, virus-specific serum markers were investigated in CBA/CaJ mice. The sequence had a full genome length of 3215 nucleotides. Sites 122, 125, 127, and 160 in S regions were identified as lysine, threonine, proline, and lysine respectively. The main four point variants including A1762T, G1764A, G1896A, and G1899A were detected in the full-length genome. The genotype of the sequence was B, with sub-genotype B2 and serological subtype adw2. The characterize of the natural genetic variation strain showed no reported drug-resistant variant in P region and no reported immune escape site in S region. The strain will increase viral replication and infection for mutations A1762T and G1764A in the basal core promoter region, and mutations G1896A and G1899A in the pre-core region. The G1896A variant resulted in a premature stop codon and abolished HBeAg expression. HBsAg persisted for 26 weeks and HBeAg was still negative in CBA/CaJ mice. The present sequence is representative of the HBeAg-negative genome and may serve as a valuable reference for studying HBeAg-negative strains. The present findings were successfully verified in CBA/CaJ mice, demonstrating good applicability of the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglv Wei
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- The Nursing College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqi Lai
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China.
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Wang L, Cao M, Wei QL, Zhao ZH, Xiang Q, Wang HJ, Zhang HT, Lai GQ. A new model mimicking persistent HBV e antigen-negative infection using covalently closed circular DNA in immunocompetent mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175992. [PMID: 28426720 PMCID: PMC5398701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem. HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-negative strains have become prevalent. Previously, no animal model mimicked the clinical course of HBeAg-negative HBV infection. To establish an HBeAg-negative HBV infection model, the 3.2-kb full-length genome of HBeAg-negative HBV was cloned from a clinical sample and then circularized to form covalently closed circular (cccDNA). The resulting cccDNA was introduced into the liver of C57BL/6J mice through hydrodynamic injection. Persistence of the HBeAg-negative infection was monitored at predetermined time points using HBV-specific markers including HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg, and HBV core antigen (HBcAg) as well as DNA copies. Throughout the study, pAAV-HBV1.2 was used as a control. In mice injected with HBeAg-negative cccDNA, the HBV infection rate was 100% at the initial stage. HBsAg levels increased up to 1 week, at which point levels peaked and dropped quickly thereafter. In 60% of injected mice, HBsAg and HBcAg persisted for more than 10 weeks. High numbers of HBV DNA copies were detected in the serum and liver. Moreover, cccDNA persisted in the liver tissue of HBeAg-negative mice. In contrast to the pAAV-HBV 1.2 injected mice, no HBeAg was found in mice injected with HBeAg-negative HBV throughout the study period. These results demonstrate the first successful establishment of a model of HBeAg-negative HBV-persistent infection in immunocompetent mice. Compared to pAAV-HBV1.2-injected mice, the infection persistence and levels of serum virological and biochemical markers were approximately equal in the model mice. This model will be useful for mechanistic studies on HBeAg-negative HBV infection and will facilitate the evaluation of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Lu Wei
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Juan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Tang Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (HZ)
| | - Guo Qi Lai
- Chongqing Medical University Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GL); (HZ)
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