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Cook H, Crisford A, Bourdakos K, Dunlop D, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Holistic vibrational spectromics assessment of human cartilage for osteoarthritis diagnosis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4264-4280. [PMID: 39022535 PMCID: PMC11249685 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, presented as wearing down of articular cartilage and resulting in pain and limited mobility for 1 in 10 adults in the UK [Osteoarthr. Cartil.28(6), 792 (2020)10.1016/j.joca.2020.03.004]. There is an unmet need for patient friendly paradigms for clinical assessment that do not use ionizing radiation (CT), exogenous contrast enhancing dyes (MRI), and biopsy. Hence, techniques that use non-destructive, near- and shortwave infrared light (NIR, SWIR) may be ideal for providing label-free, deep tissue interrogation. This study demonstrates multimodal "spectromics", low-level abstraction data fusion of non-destructive NIR Raman scattering spectroscopy and NIR-SWIR absorption spectroscopy, providing an enhanced, interpretable "fingerprint" for diagnosis of OA in human cartilage. This is proposed as method level innovation applicable to both arthro- or endoscopic (minimally invasive) or potential exoscopic (non-invasive) optical approaches. Samples were excised from femoral heads post hip arthroplasty from OA patients (n = 13) and age-matched control (osteoporosis) patients (n = 14). Under multivariate statistical analysis and supervised machine learning, tissue was classified to high precision: 100% segregation of tissue classes (using 10 principal components), and a classification accuracy of 95% (control) and 80% (OA), using the combined vibrational data. There was a marked performance improvement (5 to 6-fold for multivariate analysis) using the spectromics fingerprint compared to results obtained from solely Raman or NIR-SWIR data. Furthermore, clinically relevant tissue components were identified through discriminatory spectral features - spectromics biomarkers - allowing interpretable feedback from the enhanced fingerprint. In summary, spectromics provides comprehensive information for early OA detection and disease stratification, imperative for effective intervention in treating the degenerative onset disease for an aging demographic. This novel and elegant approach for data fusion is compatible with various NIR-SWIR optical devices that will allow deep non-destructive penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Cook
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Anna Crisford
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Human Development Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Konstantinos Bourdakos
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Douglas Dunlop
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Human Development Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
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Zielinska D, Yosef HK, Zollitsch T, Kern J, Jakob Y, Gvaramia D, Rotter N, Pontiggia L, Moehrlen U, Biedermann T, Klar AS. Characterization of Distinct Chondrogenic Cell Populations of Patients Suffering from Microtia Using Single-Cell Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2588. [PMID: 37761029 PMCID: PMC10526501 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtia is a congenital condition of abnormal development of the outer ear. Tissue engineering of the ear is an alternative treatment option for microtia patients. However, for this approach, the identification of high regenerative cartilage progenitor cells is of vital importance. Raman analysis provides a novel, non-invasive, label-free diagnostic tool to detect distinctive biochemical features of single cells or tissues. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we were able to distinguish and characterize the particular molecular fingerprints of differentiated chondrocytes and perichondrocytes and their respective progenitors isolated from healthy individuals and microtia patients. We found that microtia chondrocytes exhibited lower lipid concentrations in comparison to healthy cells, thus indicating the importance of fat storage. Moreover, we suggest that collagen is a useful biomarker for distinguishing between populations obtained from the cartilage and perichondrium because of the higher spectral contributions of collagen in the chondrocytes compared to perichondrocytes from healthy individuals and microtia patients. Our results represent a contribution to the identification of cell markers that may allow the selection of specific cell populations for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the observed differences between microtia and healthy cells are essential for gaining better knowledge of the cause of microtia. It can be useful for designing novel treatment options based on further investigations of the discovered biochemical substrate alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zielinska
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hesham K. Yosef
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- microphotonXGmbH, 82327 Tutzing, Germany
| | | | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jakob
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Gvaramia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Luca Pontiggia
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S. Klar
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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He C, Zhu S, Wu X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Qian X, Ye J. Accurate Tumor Subtype Detection with Raman Spectroscopy via Variational Autoencoder and Machine Learning. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10458-10468. [PMID: 35382336 PMCID: PMC8973095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of cancer subtypes is a great guide for the development of surgical plans and prognosis in the clinic. Raman spectroscopy, combined with the machine learning algorithm, has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for tumor identification. However, the analysis and classification of Raman spectra for biological samples with complex compositions are still challenges. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra also influences the accuracy of the classification. Herein, we applied the variational autoencoder (VAE) to Raman spectra for downscaling and noise reduction simultaneously. We validated the performance of the VAE algorithm at the cellular and tissue levels. VAE successfully downscaled high-dimensional Raman spectral data to two-dimensional (2D) data for three subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer cells and two subtypes of kidney cancer tissues. Gaussian naïve bayes was applied to subtype discrimination with the 2D data after VAE encoding at both the cellular and tissue levels, significantly outperforming the discrimination results using original spectra. Therefore, the analysis of Raman spectroscopy based on VAE and machine learning has great potential for rapid diagnosis of tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department
of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- Department
of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department
of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of
Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
- Institute
of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Xue T, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Gao E, Zhang T, Li Z. Identification of compositional and structural changes in the nucleus pulposus of patients with cervical disc herniation by Raman spectroscopy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015198. [PMID: 36277712 PMCID: PMC9585164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical disc herniation (CDH) is one of the most common spinal diseases in modern society; intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has long been considered as its primary cause. However, the mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration is still unclear. The aim of the study is to examine the components and structures of proteoglycan and collagen in cervical disc herniated nucleus pulposus (NP) using a validated and convenient Raman spectra technique and histological methods to further elucidate the mechanism of IVDD at the microscopic level. METHODS Our study used a burgeoning technique of Raman spectroscopy combined with in vitro intervertebral disc NP to characterize the above mentioned research purposes. Firstly, we collected cervical disc NP samples and imaging data by certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, we graded the NP of the responsible segment according to the patient's preoperative cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted images by Pfirrmann grading criteria while measuring the T2 signal intensity value of NP. In addition, the structure of the NP samples was evaluated by histological staining (H&E staining and Safranin-O staining). Finally, the samples were scanned and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 28 NP tissues from 26 patients (two of these patients were cases that involved two segments) with CDH were included in this study. According to the Raman spectroscopy scan, the relative content of proteoglycans which is characterized by the ratio of the two peaks (I 1,064/ I 1,004) in the NP showed a significantly negative correlation with Pfirrmann grade (P < 0.001), while the collagen content and the NP intensity value showed a positive correlation (P < 0.001). For the microstructural characterization of collagen, we found that it may have an essential role in the degenerative process of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, histological staining (H&E staining and Safranin-O staining) showed the general structure of the NP and the distribution of macromolecules. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the possibility of characterizing the macromolecular substances inside the cervical disc NP tissue by Raman spectroscopy. It also confirmed that macromolecular substances such as proteoglycans and collagen have some degree of alteration in content and structure during degeneration, which has a further positive significance for the elucidation of CDH's mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Joint Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyu Gao
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Erke Gao
- First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Zhaoyang Li,
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Zhaoyang Li,
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Acevedo L, Iselin L, Berkelaar MHM, Salzmann GM, Wolf F, Feliciano S, Vogel N, Pagenstert G, Martin I, Pelttari K, Barbero A, Arnold MP. Comparison of Human Articular Cartilage Tissue and Chondrocytes Isolated from Peripheral versus Central Regions of Traumatic Lesions. Cartilage 2021; 13:68S-81S. [PMID: 32959685 PMCID: PMC8804865 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520958154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular and molecular events occurring in cartilage regions close to injury are poorly investigated, but can possibly compromise the outcome of cell-based cartilage repair. In this study, key functional properties were assessed for cartilage biopsies collected from the central part of traumatic joint lesions (central) and from regions surrounding the defect (peripheral). These properties were then correlated with the quality of the initial cartilage biopsy and the inflammatory state of the joint. DESIGN Cartilage samples were collected from knee joints of 42 patients with traumatic knee injuries and analyzed for cell phenotype (by reverse transcriptas-polymerase chain reaction), histological quality, cellularity, cell viability, proliferation capacity, and post-expansion chondrogenic capacity of chondrocytes (in pellet culture). Synovium was also harvested and analyzed for the expression of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Cartilage quality and post-expansion chondrogenic capacity were higher in peripheral versus central samples. Differences between these 2 parameters were more pronounced in joints with high inflammatory features characterized by >100-fold difference in the mRNA levels of IL6 and IL8 in the corresponding synovium. Peripheral chondrocytes isolated from good- versus bad-quality biopsies expressed higher levels of collagen II/I and aggrecan/versican and lower levels of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. They also exhibited reduced proliferation and enhanced cartilage-forming capacity. CONCLUSIONS Chondrocytes at the periphery of traumatic lesions better maintain properties of healthy cartilage compared to those isolated from the center, even when derived from bad-quality tissues harvested from highly inflamed joints. Future studies are necessary to investigate the change of functional properties of peripheral chondrocytes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Acevedo
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Iselin
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Orthopedics and
Traumatology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Majoska H. M. Berkelaar
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Francine Wolf
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Vogel
- Practice LEONARDO, Hirslanden Clinic
Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| | - Geert Pagenstert
- Department of Surgery, University
Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Andrea Barbero, Department of Biomedicine,
University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Markus P. Arnold
- Practice LEONARDO, Hirslanden Clinic
Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland
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6
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Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadala G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman spectroscopy in skeletal tissue disorders and tissue engineering: present and prospective. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:949-965. [PMID: 34579558 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common reason of chronic pain and disability representing worldwide an enormous socio-economic burden. In this review, new biomedical application fields for Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique related to skeletal tissues are discussed showing that it can provide a comprehensive profile of tissue composition in situ, in a rapid, label-free, and non-destructive manner. RS can be used as a tool to study tissue alterations associated to aging, pathologies, and disease treatments. The main advantage with respect to currently applied methods in clinics is its ability to provide specific information on molecular composition, which goes beyond other diagnostic tools. Being compatible with water, RS can be performed without pre-treatment on unfixed, hydrated tissue samples, without any labelling and chemical fixation used in histochemical methods. This review provides first the description of basic principles of RS as a biotechnology tool and introduces into the field of currently available RS based techniques, developed to enhance Raman signal. The main spectral processing statistical tools, fingerprint identification and available databases are mentioned. The recent literature has been analysed for such applications of RS as tendon and ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medicine. Several cases of proof-of-concept preclinical studies have been described. Finally, advantages, limitations, future perspectives, and challenges for translation of RS into clinical practice have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Valentina Basoli
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy.,I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 68477, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation;
| | - Sophie Verrier
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
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Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105235. [PMID: 34063436 PMCID: PMC8155859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.
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Casal-Beiroa P, Balboa-Barreiro V, Oreiro N, Pértega-Díaz S, Blanco FJ, Magalhães J. Optical Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis through Raman Spectroscopy: Radiological and Biochemical Validation Using Ex Vivo Human Cartilage Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030546. [PMID: 33803917 PMCID: PMC8003208 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatic disease, characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been recently proposed as a label-free tool to detect molecular changes in musculoskeletal tissues. We used cartilage samples derived from human femoral heads to perform an ex vivo study of different Raman signals and ratios, related to major and minor molecular components of articular cartilage, hereby proposed as candidate optical biomarkers for OA. Validation was performed against the radiological Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system, as a gold standard, and cross-validated against sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) and total collagens (Hyp) biochemical contents. Our results showed a significant decrease in sGAGs (SGAGs, A1063 cm-1/A1004 cm-1) and proteoglycans (PGs, A1375 cm-1/A1004 cm-1) and a significant increase in collagen disorganization (ColD/F, A1245 cm-1/A1270 cm-1), with OA severity. These were correlated with sGAGs or Hyp contents, respectively. Moreover, the SGAGs/HA ratio (A1063 cm-1/A960 cm-1), representing a functional matrix, rich in proteoglycans, to a mineralized matrix-hydroxyapatite (HA), was significantly lower in OA cartilage (K-L I vs. III-IV, p < 0.05), whilst the mineralized to collagenous matrix ratio (HA/Col, A960 cm-1/A920 cm-1) increased, being correlated with K-L. OA samples showed signs of tissue mineralization, supported by the presence of calcium crystals-related signals, such as phosphate, carbonate, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (MGP, A960 cm-1/A1004 cm-1, MGC, A1070 cm-1/A1004 cm-1 and A1050 cm-1/A1004 cm-1). Finally, we observed an increase in lipids ratio (IL, A1450 cm-1/A1670 cm-1) with OA severity. As a conclusion, we have described the molecular fingerprint of hip cartilage, validating a panel of optical biomarkers and the potential of RS as a complementary diagnostic tool for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Casal-Beiroa
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (N.O.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Carballeiras S/N, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica e Investigación Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (S.P.-D.)
| | - Natividad Oreiro
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (N.O.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Carballeiras S/N, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pértega-Díaz
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica e Investigación Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (V.B.-B.); (S.P.-D.)
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (N.O.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Carballeiras S/N, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus de Oza, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), C/As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (N.O.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Carballeiras S/N, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.B.); (J.M.)
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9
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Preparation and characterization of amnion hydrogel and its synergistic effect with adipose derived stem cells towards IL1β activated chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18751. [PMID: 33127964 PMCID: PMC7603317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation leads to chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) exert paracrine effects protecting chondrocytes from degenerative changes. However, the lack of optimum delivery systems for ADSCs limits its use in the clinic. The use of extracellular matrix based injectable hydrogels has gained increased attention due to their unique properties. In the present study, we developed hydrogels from amnion tissue as a delivery system for ADSCs. We investigated the potential of amnion hydrogel to maintain ADSC functions, the synergistic effect of AM with ADSC in preventing the catabolic responses of inflammation in stimulated chondrocytes. We also investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IL-1β induced inflammation in chondrocytes and the ability of AM-ADSC to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results showed that AM hydrogels supported cell viability, proliferation, and stemness. ADSCs, AM hydrogels and AM-ADSCs inhibited the catabolic responses of IL-1β and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in IL-1β induced inflammation. The results also showed that the synergistic effect of AM-ADSCs was more pronounced in preventing catabolic responses in activated chondrocytes. In conclusion, we showed that AM hydrogels can be used as a potential carrier for ADSCs, and can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for treating OA.
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10
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Wang X, Meng J, Zhang T, Weijia Lv W, Liang Z, Shi Q, Li Z, Zhang T. Identifying compositional and structural changes in the nucleus pulposus from patients with lumbar disc herniation using Raman spectroscopy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:447-453. [PMID: 32537009 PMCID: PMC7281961 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is considered to be a significant contributor to LBP; however, the mechanisms underlying IDD remain to be fully elucidated. One of the major features of IDD is the decreased content of type II collagen and proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus (NP). The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanisms of IDD at the microscopic level using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic scattering of light, is an emerging optical technique that may measure the chemical composition of complex biological samples, including biofluids, cells and tissues. In the present study, 30 NP tissue samples from 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation and received spinal fusion surgery to relieve LBP were obtained and analyzed. Routine pre-operative 3.0T, T2-weighed MRI was used to classify the cases according to Pfirrmann grades and the T2 signal intensity value of the NP was measured. Subsequently, all NP samples were scanned and analyzed using a Laser MicroRaman Spectrometer at room temperature. The Raman spectral results demonstrated that the relative content of proteoglycans, expressed as the relative intensity ratio of two peaks (I1064/I1004), was significantly inversely correlated with the Pfirrmann grade (ρ=-0.6462; P<0.0001), whereas the content of collagen (amide I) was significantly positively correlated with the Pfirrmann grade (ρ=0.5141; P<0.01). In conclusion, the higher relative intensity of the ratio of two peaks (I1670/I1640; Amide I) represented a higher fractional content of disordered collagen, which suggested that the defective collagen structure may lead to NP abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wang
- First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - William Weijia Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liang
- Biobank, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qian Shi
- First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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11
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Casal-Beiroa P, González P, Blanco FJ, Magalhães J. Molecular analysis of the destruction of articular joint tissues by Raman spectroscopy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:789-802. [PMID: 32538250 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1782747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly heterogenous disease influenced by different molecular, anatomic, and physiologic imbalances. Some of the bottlenecks for enhanced diagnosis and therapeutic assessment are the lack of validated biomarkers and early diagnosis tools. In this narrative review, we analyze the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a label-free optical tool for the characterization of articular joint tissues and its application as a diagnosis tool for OA. AREAS COVERED Raman spectra produce a unique 'molecular fingerprint' providing rotational and vibrational molecular information, allowing the identification and follow-up of molecular changes associated with OA pathological mechanisms. Focusing on multiple joint tissues (cartilage, synovium, bone, tendons, ligaments, and meniscus) and their contribution in disease incidence and progression, this review highlights the current knowledge on the application of RS in the characterization of organic and inorganic molecules present at these tissues and alterations that occur in the onset of OA. EXPERT OPINION Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as RS, are low cost, rapid and minimally invasive approaches that offer high specificity in the assessment of the molecular composition of complex tissues. Combined with multivariate statistical methods, RS offers great potential for optical biomarkers discovery or disease diagnosis applications, and we hereby discuss clinical translational progresses on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Casal-Beiroa
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) ., A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña (UDC) ,A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pío González
- New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) ., A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña (UDC) ,A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) ., A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña (UDC) ,A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) , Madrid, Spain
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12
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Raman spectroscopy applications in rheumatology. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:827-834. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Brézillon S, Untereiner V, Mohamed HT, Hodin J, Chatron-Colliet A, Maquart FX, Sockalingum GD. Probing glycosaminoglycan spectral signatures in live cells and their conditioned media by Raman microspectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 142:1333-1341. [PMID: 28352887 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic markers characteristic of reference glycosaminoglycan molecules were identified previously based on their vibrational signatures. Infrared spectral signatures of glycosaminoglycans in fixed cells were also recently demonstrated but probing live cells still remains challenging. Raman microspectroscopy is potentially interesting to perform studies under physiological conditions. The aim of the present work was to identify the Raman spectral signatures of GAGs in fixed and live cells and in their conditioned media. Biochemical and Raman analyses were performed on five cell types: chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts, melanoma (SK-MEL-28), wild type CHO, and glycosaminoglycan-defective mutant CHO-745 cells. The biochemical assay of sulfated GAGs in conditioned media was only possible for chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and wild type CHO due to the detection limit of the test. In contrast, Raman microspectroscopy allowed probing total glycosaminoglycan content in conditioned media, fixed and live cells and the data were analysed by principal component analysis. Our results showed that the Raman technique is sensitive enough to identify spectral markers of glycosaminoglycans that were useful to characterise the conditioned media of the five cell types. The results were confirmed at the single cell level on both live and fixed cells with a good differentiation between the cell types. Furthermore, the principal component loadings revealed prominent glycosaminoglycan-related spectral information. Raman microspectroscopy allows monitoring of the glycosaminoglycan profiles of single live cells and could therefore be developed for cell screening purposes and holds promise for identifying glycosaminoglycan signatures as a marker of cancer progression in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brézillon
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Reims, France
| | - V Untereiner
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Plateforme d'imagerie cellulaire et tissulaire (PICT), Reims, France
| | - H T Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - J Hodin
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Reims, France and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - A Chatron-Colliet
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Reims, France
| | - F-X Maquart
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, Reims, France and Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - G D Sockalingum
- CNRS UMR7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Reims, France. and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
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14
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Paluszkiewicz C, Piergies N, Sozańska A, Chaniecki P, Rękas M, Miszczyk J, Gajda M, Kwiatek WM. Vibrational microspectroscopy analysis of human lenses. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:332-337. [PMID: 28746907 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present vibrational analysis of healthy (non-affected by cataract) and cataractous human lenses by means of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy methods. The performed analysis provides complex information about the secondary structure of the proteins and conformational changes of the amino acid residues due to the formation of opacification of human lens. Briefly, the changes in the conformation of the Tyr and Trp residues and the protein secondary structure between the healthy and cataractous samples, were recognized. Moreover, the observed spectral pattern suggests that the process of cataract development does not occur uniformly over the entire volume of the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paluszkiewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - N Piergies
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Sozańska
- Spectroscopy Product Division, Renishaw Sp. z o o, 02-823 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Chaniecki
- Department of Ophthalmology, 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Krakow, Wroclawska 1-3, 30-091 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Rękas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J Miszczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Krakow, Wroclawska 1-3, 30-091 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - W M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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15
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Sarin JK, Rieppo L, Brommer H, Afara IO, Saarakkala S, Töyräs J. Combination of optical coherence tomography and near infrared spectroscopy enhances determination of articular cartilage composition and structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10586. [PMID: 28878384 PMCID: PMC5587743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional arthroscopic evaluation of articular cartilage is subjective and poorly reproducible. Therefore, implementation of quantitative diagnostic techniques, such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), is essential. Locations (n = 44) with various cartilage conditions were selected from mature equine fetlock joints (n = 5). These locations and their surroundings were measured with NIRS and OCT (n = 530). As a reference, cartilage proteoglycan (PG) and collagen contents, and collagen network organization were determined using quantitative microscopy. Additionally, lesion severity visualized in OCT images was graded with an automatic algorithm according to International Cartilage Research Society (ICRS) scoring system. Artificial neural network with variable selection was then employed to predict cartilage composition in the superficial and deep zones from NIRS data, and the performance of two models, generalized (including all samples) and condition-specific models (based on ICRS-grades), was compared. Spectral data correlated significantly (p < 0.002) with PG and collagen contents, and collagen orientation in the superficial and deep zones. The combination of NIRS and OCT provided the most reliable outcome, with condition-specific models having lower prediction errors (9.2%) compared to generalized models (10.4%). Therefore, the results highlight the potential of combining both modalities for comprehensive evaluation of cartilage during arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko K Sarin
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Isaac O Afara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Mansfield JC, Winlove CP. Lipid distribution, composition and uptake in bovine articular cartilage studied using Raman micro-spectrometry and confocal microscopy. J Anat 2017; 231:156-166. [PMID: 28508410 PMCID: PMC5472523 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and composition of endogenous lipids in articular cartilage and transport of exogenous fatty acids have been investigated on a microscopic scale in fresh bovine articular cartilage. To investigate the distribution and composition of the endogenous lipids, hyperspectral Raman maps were taken of chondrocytes and their surrounding matrix in both the deep and superficial zones. These revealed differences in both lipid distribution and composition between the two zones. Extracellular lipid was observed surrounding the cells in the superficial zone but not in the deep zone. Additionally, intracellular lipid droplets were observed that were larger and more numerous in the deep zone (P = 0.01). The extracellular lipid was primarily free saturated fatty acid, whereas the cellular lipid droplets contained triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acid chains. Fatty acid uptake and transport were investigated by incubating cartilage samples in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing fluorescently labelled palmitate for a range of times and temperatures. After incubation, the palmitate distribution was imaged using confocal microscopy. Palmitate accumulated preferentially in the territorial matrix only in the superficial zone where the concentration was up to 100‐fold greater than that in the bulk matrix (P = 0.001). Palmitate uptake by the chondrocytes in both zones showed differential temperature sensitivity (P = 0.05), which would support the idea that cells take up palmitate by both active and passive mechanisms. The study reveals large differences between chondrocytes in the superficial and deep zones in their lipid content, in their extracellular lipid environment and in their access to exogenous fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Claire Mansfield
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - C Peter Winlove
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
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17
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Smith R, Wright KL, Ashton L. Raman spectroscopy: an evolving technique for live cell studies. Analyst 2016; 141:3590-600. [PMID: 27072718 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most exciting developments in Raman spectroscopy in the last decade has been its application to cells and tissues for diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications, and in particular its use in the analysis of cellular dynamics. Raman spectroscopy is rapidly advancing as a cell imaging method that overcomes many of the limitations of current techniques and is earning its place as a routine tool in cell biology. In this review we focus on important developments in Raman spectroscopy that have evolved into the exciting technique of live-cell Raman microscopy and highlight some of the most recent and significant applications to cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, LA1 4YG, UK.
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18
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Optical investigation of osteoarthritic human cartilage (ICRS grade) by confocal Raman spectroscopy: a pilot study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8067-77. [PMID: 26319282 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular changes in the cartilage matrix during the early stage of osteoarthritis may be detected by Raman spectroscopy. The objective of this investigation was to determine vibrational spectral differences among different grades (grades I, II, and III) of osteoarthritis in human osteoarthritic cartilage, which was classified according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grading system. Degenerative articular cartilage samples were collected during total joint replacement surgery and were classified according to the ICRS grading system for osteoarthritis. Twelve cartilage sections (4 sections of each ICRS grades I, II, and III) were selected for Raman spectroscopic analysis. Safranin-O/Fast green was used for histological staining and assignment of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grade. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data analysis. Spectral analysis indicates that the content of disordered coil collagen increases significantly during the early progression of osteoarthritis. However, the increase was not statistically significant during later stages of the disease. A decrease in the content of proteoglycan was observed only during advanced stages of osteoarthritis. Our investigation shows that Raman spectroscopy can classify the different stage of osteoarthritic cartilage and can provide details on biochemical changes. This proof-of-concept study encourages further investigation of fresh cartilage on a larger population using fiber-based miniaturized Raman probe for the development of in vivo Raman arthroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool for osteoarthritis.
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