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Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Ye H, Xing F, Lo SKF, Xiao C, Han L, Wu AKL, Ngan AHY, Law KC, To YN, Sze DTT, Chim OHY, Hui TWS, Leung CWH, Zhu T, Yao C, Tse BPH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Rare/cryptic Aspergillus species infections and importance of antifungal susceptibility testing. Mycoses 2020; 63:1283-1298. [PMID: 32918365 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients infected with Aspergillus rose dramatically in recent years. However, studies on the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of non-classical (non-fumigatus, non-flavus, non-niger and non-terreus) pathogenic Aspergillus species are very limited. OBJECTIVES We examined the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of 34 non-duplicated, non-classical Aspergillus isolates collected from Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai. METHODS The Aspergillus isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer, partial BenA and partial CaM sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Susceptibility testing against eight antifungals was performed following the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's methodology. RESULTS The 34 Aspergillus isolates were identified as 14 different rare/cryptic species of four sections (Flavi [n = 8], Nidulantes [n = 8], Nigri [n = 17] and Restricti [n = 1]). Except for one patient whose clinical history could not be retrieved, 72.7% of the remaining patients had underlying conditions predisposing them to Aspergillus infections. The most common diseases were pulmonary infections (n = 15), followed by skin/nail infections (n = 6), chronic otitis externa and/or media (n = 5), wound infections (n = 2) and mastoiditis/radionecrosis (n = 1), while three were colonisations. Five patients succumbed due to the infections during the admission, and another two died 5 years later because of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that they possessed different susceptibility profiles compared to the classical Aspergillus species. The majority of isolates characterised were sensitive or wild-type to amphotericin B. The minimum effective concentrations for all the three echinocandins were also low. CONCLUSION Susceptibility testing should be performed for infections due to these rare/cryptic Aspergillus species to guide proper patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James Y M Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simon K F Lo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenlu Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan K L Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Cheung Law
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Nam To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Dorothy T T Sze
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar H Y Chim
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Teresa W S Hui
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Carl W H Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tianrenzheng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Brian P H Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brandt
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico Garbe
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Slavena Vylkova
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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3
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Frisvad JC, Møller LLH, Larsen TO, Kumar R, Arnau J. Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9481-9515. [PMID: 30293194 PMCID: PMC6208954 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an update on the current knowledge of the secondary metabolite potential of the major fungal species used in industrial biotechnology, i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. These species have a long history of safe use for enzyme production. Like most microorganisms that exist in a challenging environment in nature, these fungi can produce a large variety and number of secondary metabolites. Many of these compounds present several properties that make them attractive for different industrial and medical applications. A description of all known secondary metabolites produced by these species is presented here. Mycotoxins are a very limited group of secondary metabolites that can be produced by fungi and that pose health hazards in humans and other vertebrates when ingested in small amounts. Some mycotoxins are species-specific. Here, we present scientific basis for (1) the definition of mycotoxins including an update on their toxicity and (2) the clarity on misclassification of species and their mycotoxin potential reported in literature, e.g., A. oryzae has been wrongly reported as an aflatoxin producer, due to misclassification of Aspergillus flavus strains. It is therefore of paramount importance to accurately describe the mycotoxins that can potentially be produced by a fungal species that is to be used as a production organism and to ensure that production strains are not capable of producing mycotoxins during enzyme production. This review is intended as a reference paper for authorities, companies, and researchers dealing with secondary metabolite assessment, risk evaluation for food or feed enzyme production, or considerations on the use of these species as production hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars L H Møller
- Department of Product Safety, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Novozymes Inc., 1445 Drew Ave., Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - José Arnau
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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4
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Chong YK, Ho CC, Leung SY, Lau SK, Woo PC. Clinical Mass Spectrometry in the Bioinformatics Era: A Hitchhiker's Guide. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:316-334. [PMID: 30237866 PMCID: PMC6138949 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a sensitive, specific and versatile analytical technique in the clinical laboratory that has recently undergone rapid development. From initial use in metabolic profiling, it has matured into applications including clinical toxicology assays, target hormone and metabolite quantitation, and more recently, rapid microbial identification and antimicrobial resistance detection by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In this mini-review, we first succinctly outline the basics of clinical mass spectrometry. Examples of hard ionization (electron ionization) and soft ionization (electrospray ionization, MALDI) are presented to demonstrate their clinical applications. Next, a conceptual discourse on mass selection and determination is presented: quadrupole mass filter, time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the Orbitrap; and MS/MS (tandem-in-space, tandem-in-time and data acquisition), illustrated with clinical examples. Current applications in (1) bacterial and fungal identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phylogenetic classification, (2) general unknown urine toxicology screening and expanded new-born metabolic screening and (3) clinical metabolic profiling by gas chromatography are outlined. Finally, major limitations of MS-based techniques, including the technical challenges of matrix effect and isobaric interference; and novel challenges in the post-genomic era, such as protein molecular variants, are critically discussed from the perspective of service laboratories. Computer technology and structural biology have played important roles in the maturation of this field. MS-based techniques have the potential to replace current analytical techniques, and existing expertise and instrument will undergo rapid evolution. Significant automation and adaptation to regulatory requirements are underway. Mass spectrometry is unleashing its potentials in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeow-Kuan Chong
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Chemical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Chun Ho
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital (PYNEH), Hong Kong
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital (QMH), Hong Kong
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shui-Yee Leung
- Department of Ocean Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K.P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang G, Zhou S, Luo Y, Ma C, Gong Y, Zhou Y, Gao S, Huang Z, Yan L, Hu Y, Bian Y. The heat shock protein 40 LeDnaJ regulates stress resistance and indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in Lentinula edodes. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 118:37-44. [PMID: 30003956 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DnaJ proteins, termed heat shock proteins based on their molecular weight, function as molecular chaperones that play critical roles in regulating organism growth and development as well as adaptation to the environment. However, little has been reported on their gene function in higher basidiomycetes. Here, the heat shock protein 40 (LeDnaJ) gene was cloned and characterized from Lentinula edodes. RNA interference was used to explore the function of LeDnaJ in response to heat stress and Trichoderma atroviride. Integration of the target gene into the L. edodes genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and the silence efficiency of LeDnaJ was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results revealed that LeDnaJ silence caused defects in mycelial growth and resistance to heat stress and T. atroviride, but increased the mycelial density compared with the wild type (WT) strain S606. Additionally, the IAA content showed a more than 10-fold increase in the WT after heat stress, but an about two-fold increase in the two LeDnaJ RNAi transfortants (LeDnaJ-i-6 and LeDnaJ-i-8). Previous study has shown that enhanced IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) content enhanced the thermotolerance of the heat-sensitive strain YS3357. In this study, it was documented that IAA amendments could partly restore the resistance to T. atroviride and thermotolerance of the two LeDnaJ RNAi transformants. Overall, LeDnaJ is nvolved in fungal growth, T. atroviride resistance, and thermotolerance by regulating the IAA biosynthesis in L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzheng Wang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - ShaSha Zhou
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaojun Ma
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gao
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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6
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Chan JFW, Lau SKP, Wong SCY, To KKW, So SYC, Leung SSM, Chan SM, Pang CM, Xiao C, Hung IFN, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. A 10-year study reveals clinical and laboratory evidence for the 'semi-invasive' properties of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e37. [PMID: 27094904 PMCID: PMC4855073 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, infections caused by Aspergillus sp. have become an emerging focus of clinical microbiology and infectious disease, as the number of patients infected with Aspergillus sp. has increased markedly. Although chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is considered a ‘semi-invasive' or ‘intermediate' disease, little data are available for the direct comparison of CPA with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and pulmonary aspergilloma (PA) to quantify invasiveness. In this study, we compared the characteristics of CPA with those of IPA and PA among hospitalized patients over a 10-year period. A total of 29, 51 and 31 cases of CPA, IPA and PA, respectively, were included. An increasing trend in galactomannan antigen seropositivity rate from PA (24.1%) to CPA (35.7%) to IPA (54.9%) and an opposite trend for anti-Aspergillus antibody (PA (71.0%) to CPA (45.8%) to IPA (7.1%)) were observed. Eight percent of CPA patients were infected with more than one Aspergillus sp. The survival rate of the CPA group also fell between the survival rate of PA and IPA, confirming the intermediate severity of CPA. The survival rate of the CPA group became significantly higher than that of the IPA group from day 180 onwards until 2 years after admission (P<0.05). The survival rate of the CPA group remained lower than that of the PA group from day 30 onwards until 2 years after admission. Poor prognostic factors for CPA included older age (P=0.019), higher total leukocyte count (P=0.011) and higher neutrophil count (P=0.012) on admission. This study provided clinical and laboratory evidence for the semi-invasive properties of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna Kar-Pui Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Yung-Chun So
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Siu-Mang Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiu-Mei Pang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenlu Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Lau SKP, Lee KC, Lo GCS, Ding VSY, Chow WN, Ke TYH, Curreem SOT, To KKW, Ho DTY, Sridhar S, Wong SCY, Chan JFW, Hung IFN, Sze KH, Lam CW, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Metabolomic Profiling of Plasma from Melioidosis Patients Using UHPLC-QTOF MS Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:307. [PMID: 26927094 PMCID: PMC4813170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential biomarkers for improving diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared plasma metabolome profiles of melioidosis patients compared to patients with other bacteremia and controls without active infection, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the metabolomic profiles of melioidosis patients are distinguishable from bacteremia patients and controls. Using multivariate and univariate analysis, 12 significant metabolites from four lipid classes, acylcarnitine (n = 6), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (n = 3), sphingomyelins (SM) (n = 2) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (n = 1), with significantly higher levels in melioidosis patients than bacteremia patients and controls, were identified. Ten of the 12 metabolites showed area-under-receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) >0.80 when compared both between melioidosis and bacteremia patients, and between melioidosis patients and controls. SM(d18:2/16:0) possessed the largest AUC when compared, both between melioidosis and bacteremia patients (AUC 0.998, sensitivity 100% and specificity 91.7%), and between melioidosis patients and controls (AUC 1.000, sensitivity 96.7% and specificity 100%). Our results indicate that metabolome profiling might serve as a promising approach for diagnosis of melioidosis using patient plasma, with SM(d18:2/16:0) representing a potential biomarker. Since the 12 metabolites were related to various pathways for energy and lipid metabolism, further studies may reveal their possible role in the pathogenesis and host response in melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George C S Lo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Vanessa S Y Ding
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tony Y H Ke
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shirly O T Curreem
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Deborah T Y Ho
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sally C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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