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Pareek P, Chaudhary S, Singh S, Thodikayil AT, Kalyanasundaram D, Kumar S. Bridging biomimetic and bioenergetics scaffold: Cellulose-graphene oxide-arginine functionalized aerogel for stem cell-mediated cartilage repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134608. [PMID: 39134192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The avascular nature of cartilage tissue limits inherent regenerative capacity to counter any damage and this has become a substantial burden to the health of individuals. As a result, there is a high demand to repair and regenerate cartilage. Existing tissue engineering approaches for cartilage regeneration typically produce either microporous or nano-fibrous scaffolds lacking the desired biological outcome due to lack of biomimetic dual architecture of microporous construct with nano-fibrous interconnected structures like the native cartilage. Most of these scaffolds also fail to suppress ROS generation and provide sustained bioenergetics to cells, resulting in the loss of metabolic activity under avascular microenvironment of cartilage. A dual architecture microporous construct with nano-fibrous interconnected network of cellulose aerogel reinforced with arginine-coated graphene oxide (CNF-GO-Arg aerogel) was developed for cartilage regeneration. The designed dual-architectured CNF-GO-Arg aerogel using dual ice templating assembly demonstrates 80 % strain recovery ability under compression. The release of Arginine from CNF-GO-Arg aerogel supported 41 % reduction in intracellular ROS activity and promoted chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs by shifting mitochondrial bioenergetics towards oxidative phosphorylation indicated by JC-1 dye staining. Overall developed CNF-GO-Arg aerogel provided multifunctionality via biomimetic morphology, cellular bioenergetics, and suppressed ROS generation to address the need for regeneration of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Pareek
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shivani Chaudhary
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Einafshar E, Mobasheri L, Hasanpour M, Rashidi R, Ghorbani A. Pro-apoptotic effect of chloroform fraction of Moraea sisyrinchium bulb against glioblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115931. [PMID: 38016363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a common malignant brain tumor, with limited therapeutic options. In our previous study, the Moraea sisyrinchium plant showed cytotoxicity against glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Among different parts of this plant (flower, stem, and bulb), the bulb showed better anticancer potential. The present work aimed to test the anticancer activity of different fractions of the bulb extract, to determine its phytochemicals, and to study its mechanism action on glioblastoma. METHODS The bulb extract was partitioned into different fractions using immiscible solvents. The U87 glioblastoma cells were incubated with the obtained fractions. Then, the cell proliferation assay (MTT), cell migration test (scratch), cell cycle analysis (propidium iodide staining), apoptosis/necrosis assay (annexin V/propidium iodide staining), and real-time PCR (PTEN, Akt, mTOR, BAX and BCL-2 genes) were performed. Phytochemicals were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS The chloroform fraction showed more antiproliferative effect than n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. Also, chloroform fraction induced cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration ability (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN, mTOR, and BAX genes was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of Akt and Bcl-2 showed down-regulation. The phytochemicals identified in the chloroform fraction were mainly xanthones, phytosterols, and isoflavones. CONCLUSION The chloroform fraction of Moraea sisyrinchium bulb inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by upregulation of the PTEN gene and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The identified compounds in the chloroform fraction are potential candidates for further investigation as anticancer agents against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Einafshar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ye T, Yang Y, Bai J, Wu FY, Zhang L, Meng LY, Lan Y. The mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of graphene influencing its pre-clinical use in treating neurological diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1162493. [PMID: 37360172 PMCID: PMC10288862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1162493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress in nanotechnology has advanced fundamental neuroscience and innovative treatment using combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The atomic scale tunability of nanomaterials, which can interact with biological systems, has attracted interest in emerging multidisciplinary fields. Graphene, a two-dimensional nanocarbon, has gained increasing attention in neuroscience due to its unique honeycomb structure and functional properties. Hydrophobic planar sheets of graphene can be effectively loaded with aromatic molecules to produce a defect-free and stable dispersion. The optical and thermal properties of graphene make it suitable for biosensing and bioimaging applications. In addition, graphene and its derivatives functionalized with tailored bioactive molecules can cross the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery, substantially improving their biological property. Therefore, graphene-based materials have promising potential for possible application in neuroscience. Herein, we aimed to summarize the important properties of graphene materials required for their application in neuroscience, the interaction between graphene-based materials and various cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and their potential clinical applications in recording electrodes, drug delivery, treatment, and as nerve scaffolds for neurological diseases. Finally, we offer insights into the prospects and limitations to aid graphene development in neuroscience research and nanotherapeutics that can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Intergration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Feng-Ying Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Intergration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Siqueira PR, Souza JP, Estevão BM, Altei WF, Carmo TLL, Santos FA, Araújo HSS, Zucolotto V, Fernandes MN. Concentration- and time-dependence toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets upon zebrafish liver cell line. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106199. [PMID: 35613511 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are carbon-based nanomaterials that have a wide range of applicability. Therefore, it is expected that their residual traces reach the aquatic environment, accumulate, and interact with its different compartments and the biota living in them. The concentration- and time-dependency response to GO and rGO in aquatic organisms are still poorly known. In the present study, the effects of GO and rGO on zebrafish hepatocytes were investigated using in vitro assays performed with established liver cell lines from zebrafish (ZFL). GO and rGO nanosheets were applied on ZFL cells at a concentration range of 1-100 µg mL-1 for 24 and 72 h. The internalization of GO and rGO nanosheets, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell viability, and cell death were evaluated. The internalization of GO increased as the concentrations of GO increased. The rGO nanosheets were smaller than GO nanosheets, and their hydrophobic characteristic favors their interaction with the cell membrane. However, the rGO nanosheets were not observed in the uptake assay. Exposure for 72 h was found to cause harmful effects in ZFL cells, causing higher ROS production in cells exposed to rGO and stopping cell replication. Nevertheless, GO did not stop cell replication, but exposed cells had higher levels of apoptosis and necrosis. After 72 h, both GO and rGO were toxic, but with different mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rodrigues Siqueira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Pérola Souza
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Martins Estevão
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Fernanda Altei
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Radiation Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, SP, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Laurie Lustosa Carmo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Campus Universitário, 69080-900 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aparecido Santos
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre Araújo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valtecir Zucolotto
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang B, Guo H, Xu H, Chen Y, Zhao G, Yu H. The Role of Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers in Treating Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:736177. [PMID: 35155223 PMCID: PMC8831729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.736177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and their conventional treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy; however, this treatment does not meet the requirements of patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physical and chemical properties and plays an important role in the treatment of gliomas mainly through four applications, viz. direct killing, drug delivery, immunotherapy, and phototherapy. This article reviews research on GO nanocarriers in the treatment of gliomas in recent years and also highlights new ideas for the treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Zhao, ; Hongquan Yu,
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Zhao, ; Hongquan Yu,
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Tewari M, Pareek P, Kumar S. Correlating Amino Acid Interaction with Graphene-Based Materials Regulating Cell Function. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Unravelling the potential of graphene in glioblastoma therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112330. [PMID: 34474881 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumours. Despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable with an extremely poor prognosis. Treatment of GBM is associated with several difficulties such as the risk of damaging healthy brain tissues during surgery, drug resistance and inadequate drug delivery across the blood brain barrier. The new nanomaterial graphene, has recently attracted great attention due to its unique physico-chemical characteristics, good biocompatibility, specific targeting and small size. Starting from simple drug delivery systems, the application of graphene-based nanomaterials has been extended to a versatile platform of multiple therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. Graphene-based materials can also be engineered to integrate multiple functions into a single platform for combination therapy for enhanced anticancer activity and reduced side effects. This review aims to discuss the state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based materials in GBM diagnosis and therapy. In addition, future challenges and prospects regarding this promising field are discussed, which may pave the way towards improving the safety and efficacy of graphene-based therapeutics.
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Comparison of the Toxicity of Pristine Graphene and Graphene Oxide, Using Four Biological Models. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154250. [PMID: 34361444 PMCID: PMC8348526 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous applications of graphene in biomedicine and they can be classified into several main areas: delivery systems, sensors, tissue engineering and biological agents. The growing biomedical field of applications of graphene and its derivates raises questions regarding their toxicity. We will demonstrate an analysis of the toxicity of two forms of graphene using four various biological models: zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, duckweed (Lemna minor), human HS-5 cells and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The toxicity of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) was tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µg/mL. Higher toxicity was noted after administration of high doses of PG and GO in all tested biological models. Hydrophilic GO shows greater toxicity to biological models living in the entire volume of the culture medium (zebrafish, duckweed, S. aureus). PG showed the highest toxicity to adherent cells growing on the bottom of the culture plates—human HS-5 cells. The differences in toxicity between the tested graphene materials result from their physicochemical properties and the model used. Dose-dependent toxicity has been demonstrated with both forms of graphene.
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Embedding of L–Arginine into graphene oxide (GO) for endotoxin removal from water: Modeling and optimization approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Wang P, Wang X, Tang Q, Chen H, Zhang Q, Jiang H, Wang Z. Functionalized graphene oxide against U251 glioma cells and its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111187. [PMID: 32806260 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives with exceptional properties are being exploited for drug delivery and even combined therapies for enhanced antitumor activity and reduced side effects. However, the unfavorable surface chemistry of pristine graphene and reduced graphene oxide made them take covalent and non-covalent functionalization strategies to improve their biocompatibility. Although graphene oxide (GO) is soluble in water owing to its oxygen-containing groups such as carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups, it is highly accepted when to be modified to improve its colloidal stability in physiological buffers in the presence of salts. In this work, we functionalized GO with Pluronic F127 molecules via non-covalent interaction and found that GO and PF127/GO nanohybrid with a concentration lower than 5 μg/ml have no obvious toxic effect on human astrocytes (AS) and human glioma (U251) cells. Anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) being loaded onto the PF127/GO nanocarriers by π-π stacking exhibited a high loading capacity of 0.83 mg/mg and loading efficiency of 83%. Our study confirmed that the PF127/GO/DOX (PGD) induced a higher apoptosis rate (12.27 ± 0.06%) of U251 cells than that of free DOX (8.20 ± 0.06%) (P < 0.05). Western blotting results indicated that PGD affected the MAPK signaling pathway and induced the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis for the activation of Caspase-3 in U251 cells, which may provide more evidence for the signal pathway of tumor-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyue Wang
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Martelli C, King A, Simon T, Giamas G. Graphene-Induced Transdifferentiation of Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy against Glioblastoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3258-3269. [PMID: 33463176 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by low response to treatments and reoccurrence. This therapeutic resistance is believed to arise mostly from the presence of a subpopulation of tumorigenic stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, the surrounding microenvironment is known to maintain CSCs, thus supporting tumor development and aggressiveness. This review focuses on a therapeutic strategy involving the stem cell trans-differentiating ability of graphene and its derivatives. Graphene distinguishes itself from other carbon-based nanomaterials due to an array of properties that makes it suitable for many purposes, from bioengineering to biomedical applications. Studies have shown that graphene is able to promote and direct the differentiation of CSCs. In addition, potential usage of graphene in GBM treatment represents a challenge in respect to its administration method. The present review also provides a general outlook of the potential side effects (e.g., cell toxicity) that graphene could have. Overall, this report discusses certain graphene-based therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, which can be considered as prospective effective GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Martelli
- University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Alice King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, associated with a high mortality rate and a survival of between 12 and 15 months after diagnosis. Due to current treatment limitations involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolamide, there is a high rate of treatment failure and recurrence. To try to overcome these limitations nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative. Lipid, polymeric, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, among others, are being developed to improve GBM treatment and diagnosis. These nanoformulations have many advantages, including lower toxicity, biocompatibility and the ability to be directed toward the tumor. This article reviews the progress that have been made and the large variety of nanoparticles currently under study for GBM.
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Jaworski S, Strojny B, Sawosz E, Wierzbicki M, Grodzik M, Kutwin M, Daniluk K, Chwalibog A. Degradation of Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as the Main Mechanism of Toxicity of Pristine Graphene on U87 Glioblastoma Cells and Tumors and HS-5 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E650. [PMID: 30717385 PMCID: PMC6386908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the development of nanotechnologies, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted immense scientific interest owing to their extraordinary properties. Graphene can be used in many fields, including biomedicine. To date, little is known about the impact graphene may have on human health in the case of intentional exposure. The present study was carried out on U87 glioma cells and non-cancer HS-5 cell lines as in vitro model and U87 tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane as in vivo model, on which the effects of pristine graphene platelets (GPs) were evaluated. The investigation consisted of structural analysis of GPs using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transmission infrared measurements, zeta potential measurements, evaluation of cell morphology, assessment of cell viability, investigation of reactive oxygen species production, and investigation of mitochondrial membrane potential. The toxicity of U87 glioma tumors was evaluated by calculating the weight and volume of tumors and performing analyses of the ultrastructure, histology, and protein expression. The in vitro results indicate that GPs have dose-dependent cytotoxicity via ROS overproduction and depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The mass and volume of tumors were reduced in vivo after injection of GPs. Additionally, the level of apoptotic and necrotic markers increased in GPs-treated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Daniluk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Strojny B, Sawosz E, Grodzik M, Jaworski S, Szczepaniak J, Sosnowska M, Wierzbicki M, Kutwin M, Orlińska S, Chwalibog A. Nanostructures of diamond, graphene oxide and graphite inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes and downregulate their genes in liver cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8561-8575. [PMID: 30587978 PMCID: PMC6300366 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Currently, carbon nanostructures are vastly explored materials with potential for future employment in biomedicine. The possibility of employment of diamond nanoparticles (DN), graphene oxide (GO) or graphite nanoparticles (GN) for in vivo applications raises a question of their safety. Even though they do not induce a direct toxic effect, due to their unique properties, they can still interact with molecular pathways. The objective of this study was to assess if DN, GO and GN affect three isoforms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely, CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, expressed in the liver. METHODS Dose-dependent effect of the DN, GO and GN nanostructures on the catalytic activity of CYPs was examined using microsome-based model. Cytotoxicity of DN, GO and GN, as well as the influence of the nanostructures on mRNA expression of CYP genes and CYP-associated receptor genes were studied in vitro using HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. RESULTS All three nanostructures interacted with the CYP enzymes and inhibited their catalytic activity in microsomal-based models. CYP gene expression at the mRNA level was also downregulated in HepG2 and HepaRG cell lines. Among the three nanostructures, GO showed the most significant influence on the enzymes, while DN was the most inert. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that DN, GO and GN might interfere with xenobiotic and drug metabolism in the liver by interactions with CYP isoenzymes responsible for the process. Such results should be considered if DN, GO and GN are used in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orlińska
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,
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15
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Szczepaniak J, Strojny B, Chwalibog ES, Jaworski S, Jagiello J, Winkowska M, Szmidt M, Wierzbicki M, Sosnowska M, Balaban J, Winnicka A, Lipinska L, Pilaszewicz OW, Grodzik M. Effects of Reduced Graphene Oxides on Apoptosis and Cell Cycle of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123939. [PMID: 30544611 PMCID: PMC6320889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene (GN) and its derivatives (rGOs) show anticancer properties in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro and in tumors in vivo. We compared the anti-tumor effects of rGOs with different oxygen contents with those of GN, and determined the characteristics of rGOs useful in anti-glioblastoma therapy using the U87 glioblastoma line. GN/ExF, rGO/Term, rGO/ATS, and rGO/TUD were structurally analysed via transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and AFM. Zeta potential, oxygen content, and electrical resistance were determined. We analyzed the viability, metabolic activity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle. Caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways were investigated by analyzing gene expression. rGO/TUD induced the greatest decrease in the metabolic activity of U87 cells. rGO/Term induced the highest level of apoptosis compared with that induced by GN/ExF. rGO/ATS induced a greater decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential than GN/ExF. No significant changes were observed in the cytometric study of the cell cycle. The effectiveness of these graphene derivatives was related to the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups and electron clouds. Their cytotoxicity mechanism may involve electron clouds, which are smaller in rGOs, decreasing their cytotoxic effect. Overall, cytotoxic activity involved depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the induction of apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Szczepaniak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz Chwalibog
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jagiello
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Winkowska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Szmidt
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jasmina Balaban
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipinska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Witkowska Pilaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Dasari Shareena TP, McShan D, Dasmahapatra AK, Tchounwou PB. A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:53. [PMID: 30079344 PMCID: PMC6075845 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing: (1) the history, synthesis, structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications; (2) GBNs uses as therapeutics, drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials; (3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and (4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle McShan
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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17
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Lasocka I, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Skibniewski M, Skibniewska E, Strupinski W, Pasternak I, Kmieć H, Kowalczyk P. Biocompatibility of pristine graphene monolayer: Scaffold for fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:276-285. [PMID: 29409908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of pristine graphene monolayer and its utility as a scaffold for murine fibroblast L929 cell line. Cell viability, morphology, cytoskeleton architecture (microfilaments and microtubules), cell adhesion and migration into the scratch-wound area were determined using pristine graphene-coated microscopic slides. We found that fibroblasts cultured on pristine graphene monolayer exhibited changes in cell attachment, motility and cytoskeleton organization. Graphene was found to have no cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblasts and increased cell adhesion and proliferation within 24 h of culture. The area of cells growing on graphene was comparable to the area of fibroblasts cultured on glass. Migration of cells on the surface of graphene substrate appeared to be more regular in comparison to uncoated glass surface, however in both control (glass) and experimental (graphene) groups the scratch wound was closed after 48 h of culture. Taken together, our results indicate that pristine graphene monolayer is non-toxic for murine subcutaneous connective tissue fibroblasts and could be beneficial for recovery of damaged tissues after injury. These studies could be helpful in evaluating biocompatibility of graphene, which still remains ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Lasocka
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skibniewski
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Skibniewska
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Strupinski
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska street 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska street 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa street 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Kmieć
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka street 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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18
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Srikanth K, Sundar LS, Pereira E, Duarte AC. Graphene oxide induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in bluegill sunfish cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:504-513. [PMID: 29171043 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is considered a promising material for biological application due to its unique properties. However, the potential toxicity of GO to aquatic organism particularly bluegill sun fish cells (BF-2) is unexplored or remains poorly understood. GO-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in BF-2 cells were assessed using a battery of biomarkers. Two different biological assays (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GO on BF-2 cells. It was found that GO induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on BF-2 cells. BF-2 cells exposed to lower concentration of GO (40 μg ml-1 ) for 24 induced morphological changes when compared to their respective controls. As evidence for oxidative stress lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were increased and glutathione levels were found to decline in BF-2 cells after treatment with GO. Our findings demonstrate that GO when exposed to BF-2 fish cells cause oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koigoora Srikanth
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - L Syam Sundar
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando Costa Duarte
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental & Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Hashemi M, Omidi M, Muralidharan B, Smyth H, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadi J, Milner TE. Evaluation of the Photothermal Properties of a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Arginine Nanostructure for Near-Infrared Absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32607-32620. [PMID: 28841283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) make this material a candidate for photothermal therapy. The use of rGO has been limited by low stability in aqueous media due to the lack of surface hydrophilic groups. We report synthesis of a novel form of reduced graphene-arginine (rGO-Arg) as a nanoprobe. Introduction of Arg to the surface of rGO not only increases the stability in aqueous solutions but also increases cancer cell uptake. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are recorded to characterize the morphology of rGO-Arg. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopy are utilized to analyze the physiochemical properties of rGO-Arg. Interaction of rGO-Arg with 808 nm laser light has been evaluated by measuring the absorption cross section in response to periodically modulated intensity to minimize artifacts arising from lateral thermal diffusion with a material scattering matched to a low scattering optical standard. Cell toxicity and cellular uptake by MD-MB-231 cell lines provide supporting data for the potential application of rGO-Arg for photothermal therapy. Absorption cross-section results suggest rGO-Arg is an excellent NIR absorber that is 3.2 times stronger in comparison to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hashemi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, The University of Tehran , Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Protein Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University , GC, Velenjak, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Bharadwaj Muralidharan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mohammad A Mohagheghi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, The University of Tehran , Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Thomas E Milner
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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20
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Jaworski S, Biniecka P, Bugajska Ż, Daniluk K, Dyjak S, Strojny B, Kutwin M, Wierzbicki M, Grodzik M, Chwalibog A. Analysis of the cytotoxicity of hierarchical nanoporous graphenic carbon against human glioblastoma grade IV cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3839-3849. [PMID: 28572728 PMCID: PMC5441660 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s135932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly produced hierarchical, nanoporous carbon (HNC) material is studied for the first time in a biological model. The material consists of uniform particles and is characterized by a mean diameter <150 nm, a high specific surface area of 1,000 m2/g, well-developed porosity, and high electrical conductivity. These unique properties and ability to transfer charge create a possibility of employing HNC as a moderator of tumor cell growth. As the charge of HNC may interfere with cell membranes by adhesion and by bonding with cell receptors, it may block the supply of nutrients. The interactions of HNC with the U87 cells can also lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells. The investigation was performed using U87 human glioblastoma and PCS-201-010 normal fibroblast cell lines, where cell morphology and ultrastructure, viability, ROS production, type of cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the expression of genes engaged in apoptosis pathways are studied. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of HNC particles increases with concentration from 5 to 100 µg/mL by activation of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, without inducing necrosis. Our research indicates the potential applicability of HNC in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Biniecka
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Żaneta Bugajska
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Karolina Daniluk
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Sławomir Dyjak
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | | | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Kurantowicz N, Sawosz E, Halik G, Strojny B, Hotowy A, Grodzik M, Piast R, Pasanphan W, Chwalibog A. Toxicity studies of six types of carbon nanoparticles in a chicken-embryo model. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2887-2898. [PMID: 28435265 PMCID: PMC5391155 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the toxicity of six different types of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) was investigated using a chicken-embryo model. Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into the following treatment groups: placebo, diamond NPs, graphite NPs, pristine graphene, small graphene oxide, large graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide. Experimental solutions at a concentration of 500 μg/mL were administrated into the egg albumin. Gross pathology and the rate of survival were examined after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of incubation. After 20 days of incubation, blood samples were collected and the weight of the body and organs measured. The relative ratio of embryo survival decreased after treatment all treatments except diamond NPs. There was no correlation between the rate of survival and the ζ-potential or the surface charge of the CNPs in solution. Body and organ weight, red blood-cell morphology, blood serum biochemical parameters, and oxidative damage in the liver did not differ among the groups. These results indicate that CNPs can remain in blood circulation without any major side effects, suggesting their potential applicability as vehicles for drug delivery or active compounds per se. However, there is a need for further investigation of their properties, which vary depending on production methods and surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurantowicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | - Gabriela Halik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
| | | | - Wanvimol Pasanphan
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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The rational designed graphene oxide-Fe 2O 3 composites with low cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 72:659-666. [PMID: 28024635 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel two-dimensional materials with a layered structure are of special interest for a variety of promising applications. In current research, the nanostructured graphene oxide-Fe2O3 composite (GO-Fe2O3) was firstly obtained via a carefully elaborated approach of vacuum freeze-drying. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles loaded well on the surfaces of graphene. A series of characterization were performed to further elucidate the as-obtained nanomaterial's physicochemical properties. These results suggested the current route could be further extended to obtain the other kinds of two-dimensional materials based composites. For the sake of extending the potential application of herein achieved graphene composites, its cytotoxicity assessment on HeLa cells was systematically investigated. CCK-8 assay in HeLa cells treated by GO-Fe2O3 showed dose- (1-100μg/ml) and time- (24-48h) dependent cytotoxicity, which was comparable to that of GO. The excess generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by these nanomaterials was responsible for the cytotoxicity. TEM analysis vividly illustrated GO-Fe2O3 internalized by HeLa cells in endomembrane compartments such as lysosomes, and degraded through autophagic pathway. The detrimental biological consequence accompanied by cell internalization was limited. Based on the above results, it expected to render useful information for the development of new and popular strategies to design graphene-based composites, as well as deep insights into the mechanism of graphene-based composites cytotoxicity for further potential application.
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23
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Interactions of graphene with mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical insights. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:145-162. [PMID: 27569910 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based functional nanomaterials have attracted immense scientific interest from many disciplines and, due to their extraordinary properties, have offered tremendous potential in a diverse range of applications. Among the different carbon nanomaterials, graphene is one of the newest and is considered the most important. Graphene, a monolayer material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms hexagonally arranged in a two-dimensional structure, can be easily functionalized by chemical modification. Functionalized graphene and its derivatives have been used in diverse nano-biotechnological applications, such as in environmental engineering, biomedicine, and biotechnology. However, the prospective use of graphene-related materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of these materials, which is essential for expanding their biomedical applications in the future. In recent years, the number of biological studies involving graphene-related nanomaterials has rapidly increased. These studies have documented the effects of the biological interactions between graphene-related materials and different organizational levels of living systems, ranging from biomolecules to animals. In the present review, we will summarize the recent progress in understanding mainly the interactions between graphene and cells. The impact of graphene on intracellular components, and especially the uptake and transport of graphene by cells, will be discussed in detail.
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24
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Lalwani G, D'Agati M, Khan AM, Sitharaman B. Toxicology of graphene-based nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:109-144. [PMID: 27154267 PMCID: PMC5039077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene based nanomaterials possess remarkable physiochemical properties suitable for diverse applications in electronics, telecommunications, energy and healthcare. The human and environmental exposure to graphene-based nanomaterials is increasing due to advancements in the synthesis, characterization and large-scale production of graphene and the subsequent development of graphene based biomedical and consumer products. A large number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies have evaluated the interactions of graphene-based nanomaterials with various living systems such as microbes, mammalian cells, and animal models. A significant number of studies have examined the short- and long-term in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of graphene synthesized by variety of methods and starting materials. A key focus of these examinations is to properly associate the biological responses with chemical and morphological properties of graphene. Several studies also report the environmental and genotoxicity response of pristine and functionalized graphene. This review summarizes these in vitro and in vivo studies and critically examines the methodologies used to perform these evaluations. Our overarching goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay of biological responses of graphene as a function of their physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
| | - Michael D'Agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Amit Mahmud Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
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25
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Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, Sawosz E, Grodzik M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Wierzbicki M, Hotowy A, Lipińska L, Chwalibog A. Long Term Influence of Carbon Nanoparticles on Health and Liver Status in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144821. [PMID: 26657282 PMCID: PMC4681315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their excellent biocompatibility, carbon nanoparticles have been widely investigated for prospective biomedical applications. However, their impact on an organism with prolonged exposure is still not well understood. Here, we performed an experiment investigating diamond, graphene oxide and graphite nanoparticles, which were repeatedly administrated intraperitoneally into Wistar rats for four weeks. Some of the animals was sacrificed after the last injection, whereas the rest were sacrificed twelve weeks after the last exposure. We evaluated blood morphology and biochemistry, as well as the redox and inflammatory state of the liver. The results show the retention of nanoparticles within the peritoneal cavity in the form of prominent aggregates in proximity to the injection site, as well as the presence of some nanoparticles in the mesentery. Small aggregates were also visible in the liver serosa, suggesting possible transportation to the liver. However, none of the tested nanoparticles affected the health of animals. This lack of toxic effect may suggest the potential applicability of nanoparticles as drug carriers for local therapies, ensuring accumulation and slow release of drugs into a targeted tissue without harmful systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurantowicz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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