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Alam S, Richi FT, Hasnat H, Ahmed F, Emon NU, Uddin MJ, Rana GMM, Wang S, Yeasmin MS, Ahmed NU, Khan MS, Al Mamun A. Chemico-pharmacological evaluations of the dwarf elephant ear ( Colocasia affinis Schott) plant metabolites and extracts: health benefits from vegetable source. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428341. [PMID: 39193333 PMCID: PMC11347761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colocasia affinis Schott (Family: Araceae), found in the Asian region, is a traditional root vegetable consumed by the locals and well-known as Dwarf Elephant Ear. Methods: For the pharmacological exploration of this root vegetable, four kupchan fractions (i.e. HSF, DCMSF, EASF, and AQSF) from ethanolic extract of C. affinis were employed to in vitro i.e. antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial and in vivo i.e. antidiarrheal and analgesic assays, followed by phytochemical screening and GC-MS protocol. Result and Discussion: In the antioxidant assay, the AQSF showed promising potential with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL and additionally, it exhibited the greatest overall phenolic content, measuring 57.23 mg GAE/gm. of extract among other fractions. The AQSF also revealed promising cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay with an LC50 value of 1.36 μg/mL. Both AQSF and EASF exhibited substantial antimicrobial efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as various fungus species with a remarkable zone of inhibitions compared to standards. Whereas, during both the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal and acetic acid-induced writhing assay, the DCMSF at 400 mg/kg dose exhibited the highest 51.16% reduction of diarrhea and 52.33% reduction of writhing. Phytochemical screening revealed several chemical groups while GC-MS study of different fractions of dwarf elephant ear ethanolic extract revealed 48 different bioactive phytochemicals in total. Several targets such as KAS, DHFR for anti-microbial activities, GLR, URO for antioxidant activities, EGFR, BCL-2 for cytotoxicity, KOR, DOR for antidiarrheal activities and COX-2, TNF-α for analgesic activities are considered for molecular docking against identified phytocompounds and standards along with ADME/T studies to ascertain their safety, efficacy and drug likeliness profiles. Conclusion: To recapitulate, our study revealed that vegetables such as dwarf elephant ear can be considered as a prospective source of therapeutics and drug development besides their nutritive food values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jasim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - G. M. Masud Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Lee JJ, Lee J, Choi JS, Ha JH. Effects of Cissus quadrangularis L. Powder on Proximate Composition, Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Tteokgalbi. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:684-698. [PMID: 38765287 PMCID: PMC11097013 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated Cissus quadrangularis L. powder (C) use as a natural additive to Tteokgalbi, a traditional Korean meat-based dish. Five distinct Tteokgalbi samples were treated: one without any additives (negative control, NC), one with 1.00% C (C1), 2.00% C (C2), 4.00% C (C3), and 0.10% ascorbic acid (positive control, PC). C addition resulted in changes in composition, quality, and sensory attributes. Moisture content decreased with higher C levels; crude protein varied among the groups, with C1 having the highest crude protein levels and C3 the lowest. Crude fat decreased with increasing C concentration, whereas the carbohydrate content increased. The water-holding capacity notably decreased in the C3 group, resulting in increased cooking loss with higher C concentrations. C treatment altered color and texture, reducing CIE L* and increasing CIE a* before cooking and increasing CIE L* and CIE a* after cooking. CIE b* decreased before cooking but increased thereafter. C-treated Tteokgalbi was less cohesive, chewy, and brittle compared to the NC. The C treatment increased the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and enhanced radical scavenging capacities. It also affects storage characteristics, lowers pH, and increases 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. The microbial counts were lower in C2 and C3 after 11 days. These findings suggest the potential use of C as a natural meat additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun
University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of
Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890,
Korea
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Farzana M, Hossain MJ, El-Shehawi AM, Sikder MAA, Rahman MS, Al-Mansur MA, Albogami S, Elseehy MM, Roy A, Uddin MA, Rashid MA. Phenolic Constituents from Wendlandia tinctoria var. grandis (Roxb.) DC. Stem Deciphering Pharmacological Potentials against Oxidation, Hyperglycemia, and Diarrhea: Phyto-Pharmacological and Computational Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:5957. [PMID: 36144691 PMCID: PMC9505740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wendlandia tinctoria var. grandis (Roxb.) DC. (Family: Rubiaceae) is a semi-evergreen shrub distributed over tropical and subtropical Asia. The present research intended to explore the pharmacological potential of the stem extract of W. tinctoria, focusing on the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal properties, and to isolate various secondary metabolites as mediators of such activities. A total of eight phenolic compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane soluble fraction of the stem extract of this plant, which were characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric and 1H NMR spectroscopic data as liquiritigenin (1), naringenin (2), apigenin (3), kaempferol (4), glabridin (5), ferulic acid (6), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8). The dichloromethane soluble fraction exhibited the highest phenolic content (289.87 ± 0.47 mg of GAE/g of dried extract) and the highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 18.83 ± 0.07 µg/mL) against the DPPH free radical. All of the isolated compounds, except 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, exerted a higher antioxidant effect (IC50 = 6.20 ± 0.10 to 16.11 ± 0.02 μg/mL) than the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 17.09 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Significant hypoglycemic and antidiarrheal activities of the methanolic crude extract at both doses (200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw) were observed in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the computational modeling study supported the current in vitro and in vivo findings, and the isolated constituents had a higher or comparable binding affinity for glutathione reductase and urase oxidase enzymes, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), and kappa-opioid receptor, inferring potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal properties, respectively. This is the first report of all of these phenolic compounds being isolated from this plant species and even the first demonstration of the plant stem extract's antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal potentials. According to the current findings, the W. tinctoria stem could be a potential natural remedy for treating oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and diarrhea. Nevertheless, further extensive investigation is crucial for thorough phytochemical screening and determining the precise mechanisms of action of the plant-derived bioactive metabolites against broad-spectrum molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamtaz Farzana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Al Amin Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M. Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - M. Aftab Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Antidiarrheal and Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea: Benth Seed Different Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9582687. [PMID: 36091586 PMCID: PMC9451978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9582687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Calpurnia aurea is believed to have antidiarrheal potential but with limited scientific evidence. This study aimed investigating antidiarrheal and antibacterial activity of aqueous and 80% methanol seed extracts of the plant in mice and selected diarrhea-causing bacterial strains, respectively. Methods Castor oil-induced diarrhea, prostaglandin-induced enteropooling, and castor oil-induced charcoal meal test models in mice of either sex using three dose levels (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) were applied to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Parameters, including onset, number, wet stool weight, weight and volume of secretion, and intestinal motility, were taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity was assessed on Shigella soni, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion and microdilution techniques. Results Compared to controls, pretreatment of mice at the graded dose (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) drop in frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea as well as in delaying onset of diarrhea. Both extracts exhibited inhibition of diarrhea in a dose-dependent manner in all models used. The extracts also showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in intestinal motility in castor oil-induced models. Both extracts showed a marginal activity against the selected bacterial strains; a better effect was seen with 80% methanol seed extract. Conclusion Both extracts of the plant have beneficial effect in controlling diarrhea. This finding supports the use of the plant as a traditional antidiarrheal remedy.
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Extracts from the Leaves of Cissus verticillata Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091814. [PMID: 34579347 PMCID: PMC8468243 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Cissus verticillata leaf extract (CVE) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and memory deficits. Male mice (5 weeks of age) were fed vehicle (distilled water), or 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of CVE once a day for 8 weeks with an HFD. Treatment with CVE resulted in lower body weight and glucose levels in a concentration- and feeding time-dependent manner. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the CVE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not show any significant changes. Lipid droplets and ballooning were reduced depending on the concentration of CVE treatment compared to the HFD group. Treatment with CVE ameliorated the increase in glucagon and immunoreactivities in the pancreas, and novel object recognition memory was improved by 300 mg/kg CVE treatment compared to the HFD group. More proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts were higher in mice treated with CVE than in vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly decreased in the HFD group, which was facilitated by treatment with 300 mg/kg CVE in hippocampal homogenates. These results suggest that CVE ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and memory deficits in mice, associated with increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus.
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Mengie Ayele T, Chekol Abebe E, Bogale Kassie A. Investigation of Antibacterial and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activities of 80% Methanol Leaf and Fruit Extract of Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm. F) Iwarsson (Lamiaceae). J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:613-626. [PMID: 34234578 PMCID: PMC8254535 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s319981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.F) Iwarsson (Lamiaceae) is among the medicinal plants that are claimed to have various pharmacologic activities. However the leaves and fruits of L. ocymifolia have not yet been explored scientifically for antibacterial and anti-diarrhoeal activities. This study was aimed at investigating the anti-diarrhoeal and antibacterial activities of 80% methanol leaf and fruit extract of Leonotis ocymifolia in mice and selected diarrhea causing bacterial species. METHODS The leaves and fruits of Leonotis ocymifolia were extracted using 80% methanol through maceration technique. The anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated using a castor oil induced diarrheal model, prostaglandin induced anti-enteropooling, and castor oil induced charcoal meal test in mice of either sex. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc test. The antibacterial activity was evaluated on using an agar well diffusion assay. Bacterial species used were Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. For anti-diarrhoeal activity, the extract was tested at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Positive and negative control groups were treated with loperamide (3 mg/kg) and 2% tween 80 (10 mL/kg), respectively. RESULTS A significant (p<0.05) reduction in frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea as well as in delaying onset of diarrhea as compared to controls was observed in mice at the stated doses. The extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition in all used models. L. ocymifolia leaf and fruit extract also showed antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms. CONCLUSION Results from this study collectively indicated that 80% methanol leaf and fruit extracts of L. ocymifolia possessed significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and antibacterial activities, hence provides the scientific base for its traditional use as a diarrhea treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklie Mengie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Achenef Bogale Kassie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Cissus verticillata Extract Decreases Neuronal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells and Ischemia in Gerbils by Reducing the Inflammation and Phosphorylation of MAPKs. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061217. [PMID: 34203930 PMCID: PMC8232592 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of Cissus verticillata leaf extracts (CVE) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and ischemia-induced neuronal damage in HT22 cells and gerbil hippocampus. Incubation with CVE produced concentration-dependent toxicity in HT22 cells. Significant cellular toxicity was observed with >75 μg/mL CVE. CVE treatment at 50 μg/mL ameliorated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species formation, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in HT22 cells. In addition, incubation with CVE significantly mitigated the increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 induced by H2O2 treatment in HT22 cells. In an in vivo study, the administration of CVE to gerbils significantly decreased ischemia-induced motor activity 1 d after ischemia, as well as neuronal death and microglial activation 4 d after ischemia, respectively. CVE treatment reduced the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α 6 h after ischemia. Furthermore, CVE treatment significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38. These results suggest that CVE has the potential to reduce the neuronal damage induced by oxidative and ischemic stress by reducing the inflammatory responses and phosphorylation of MAPKs, suggesting that CVE could be a functional food to prevent neuronal damage induced by ischemia.
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Salazar MDLÁR, Urbina GRO, Cunha VMB, Bezerra FWF, Dias MNC, Santos IR, Teixeira BJB, Costa WA, Gomes-Leal W, Silva e Souza JN, Silva SHM, Carvalho Junior RN. Cytotoxic effect of cipó-pucá (Cissus sicyoides L.) supercritical extract on human red blood cells and as anti-inflammatory in spinal cord injury in adult rats. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nocedo-Mena D, Garza-González E, González-Ferrara M, del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Antibacterial Activity of Cissus incisa Extracts against Multidrug- Resistant Bacteria. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:318-323. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191121123926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
The need to find new antimicrobial agents to cope with this phenomenon increases.
Background:
Infection diseases are illness caused by different microorganisms, such as bacteria, among
those caused by resistant bacteria are associated with greater morbidity, mortality and cost of the treatment
than those caused by sensitive bacteria of the same species.
Objective:
Need to find new antimicrobial agents to cope with this phenomenon increases.
Method:
This work carried out the study of biological activities of Cissus incisa, taking account its traditional
use. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of this plant: hexane, chloroform methanol
(1:1) and aqueous. Their antibacterial and antitubercular activities were evaluated using microdilution
and alamar blue assays; respectively.
Result:
The chloroform/methanol extract (1:1) was the most active of the three tested extracts for antimicrobial
activity. In this way, the extract exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, against
the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria tested, with MIC values between 125 to 500 μg/mL.
Conclusion:
This research contributes both to the knowledge of the Mexican flora, as well as the discovery
of potential antibacterial agents derivate from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyani Nocedo-Mena
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Gastroenterology Service, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez. Av. Gonzalitos y Madero S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - María del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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First phytochemical study and biological activity of the leaves ethanolic extract from Cissus spinosa Cambess. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.34860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: The objective of this study was to identify the phytochemical profile and to evaluate the biological effects of the crude ethanolic extract (EE) and the ethanolic fraction (EF) of leaves of the species Cissus spinosa Cambess, after oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice.METHODS: Phytochemical profile was performed detecting functional groups and, analysis of total flavonoids and phenols concentration, as well as the antiradical activity in EE and EF. The phytochemical characterization was done for the identification of flavonoids present in the leaves of the plant. In the biochemical tests, hematological parameters, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues (liver, kidney and heart), besides genotoxic and immunological analyzes. The animals received 15 days of treatment, via gavage, with EE (50 mg kg-1) or EF (50 mg kg-1) and on the 15th day, an intraperitoneal injection of CP (100 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%). After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs.RESULTS: In the phytochemical analyzes, the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols was identified, the latter presented a higher concentration for EF. Eight flavonoids were identified - Rutin, Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, Quercitrin, Taxifolin, Quercetin, Canferol, Luteolin and Apigenin. In the biochemical analyzes, in general, EE showed a better antioxidant action against oxidative damages, hypoglycemic and antitilipemic action when comparing with EF, probably due to the synergism caused by flavonoids. It was observed the reduction and an increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, due to the action of antioxidant compounds and alkaloids present in the plant, also considering the question of the seasonal period that directly interferes in the production of these compounds. In the immunological analysis, the extracts did not stimulate the spontaneous production of oxygen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO•). CONCLUSIONS: Other studies, such as the variation of the chemical composition of the plant by local seasonality, hypoglycemic and antilipemic action, should be carried out to better delineate the biological action present in this plant.
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de los Angeles Rodriguez Salazar M, Rafael Olivo Urbina G, do Nascimento Bezerra P, Maria Borges Cunha V, Paiva da Silva M, Cristina Seabra Pires F, Paula de Souza e Silva A, Henrique Brabo de Sousa S, Nunes de Carvalho Jr R. Antioxidant and Biological Activity of Cissus sicyoidesand Rosmarinus officinalisExtracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.83733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Salazar M, Costa JV, Urbina GRO, Cunha VMB, Silva M, Bezerra PDN, Pinheiro W, Gomes-Leal W, Lopes AS, Carvalho Junior R. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of cipó-pucá (Cissus sicyoides L.) extracts obtained from supercritical extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz M, de Luna Freire Pessôa H, de Sá CB, Lira AB, da Silva Nunes Ramalho L, de Oliveira KM, Dias GT, Melo CR, do Amaral Ramalho J, Bezerra Luna Lima CM. Non-clinical acute and chronic toxicity evaluations of Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae) hydroalcoholic leaf extract. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:890-896. [PMID: 30181957 PMCID: PMC6120429 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cissus sicyoides species has several pharmacological activities. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of Cissus caused few blood changes at the 40.5 mg/kg dose in the acute study. In the chronic study, EHA showed no toxic effects at the popular dose (4.5 mg/kg). Only the 13.5 mg/kg dose in the chronic trial showed blood changes.
Cissus sicyoides (Cs) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes and belongs to the family Vitaceae, and is known as “vegetable insulin". This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic non-clinical toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (EHA-Cs). The acute test was performed in Wistar rats, administering a single dose of 40.5 mg/kg. Behavioral parameters for pharmacological screening were observed to detect signs of Central Nervous System activity; consumption of daily food and water, and weight evaluation. After day 14, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for laboratory analyses of hematological and biochemical parameters. The chronic tests were administered in doses of 4.5, 13.5 and 40.5 mg/kg. The same parameters were observed together with body temperature, glucose, exploration activity (test on the open field), and motor activity (diagnostic tests on the Rota-rod). For the group given the highest dosage during the study, histopathological examinations of vital organs were performed. For acute toxicity, there were no CNS level effects, changes in water and food consumption, or hematologic parameters. However, there was a significant decrease in weight gain for the treated females. Biochemical analyses of the treated animals presented increased levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) in females, uric acid levels in females and males, and amylase in males. In the chronic toxicity tests, water consumption was higher for females (at the dosages of 13.5 and 40.5 mg/kg) and for males (at 40.5 mg/kg). At the dosages of 4.5 and 13.5 mg/kg, feed consumption increased for females, while for males it decreased along with weight gain. Blood analysis presented an increase in albumin and changes in erythrocytes and hemoglobin for males (at the dose of 13.5 mg/kg). Glycemia in females (13.5 mg/kg dose) was significantly less, presenting only slight drops at the other doses. The changes were reversible in the satellite group. EHA-Cs revealed a relatively low toxicity profile (at the popular use dose), and only small changes in hematological and biochemical parameters at the dose of 13.5 mg/kg (3x the popular use dosage). In addition, EHA-Cs did not promote histological changes in vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.
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