1
|
Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wen X, Huang J, Song Y, Cui Y, Xie X. Anti-inflammatory effects of Olive (olea europaea L.) fruit extract in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:774. [PMID: 38904794 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive is an evergreen tree of Oleaceae Olea with numerous bioactive components. While the anti-inflammatory properties of olive oil and the derivatives are well-documented, there remains a dearth of in-depth researches on the immunosuppressive effects of olive fruit water extract. This study aimed to elucidate the dose-effect relationship and underlying molecular mechanisms of olive fruit extract in mediating anti-inflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS The impacts of olive fruit extract on the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins-6 (IL-6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For deeper understanding, the expression of genes encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α and IL-6 was quantitatively tested. Additionally, the expression patterns of MAPK and NF-κB pathways were further observed to analyze the action mechanisms. Results suggested that olive fruit extract (200, 500, 1000 µg/mL) markedly exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in the generation of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and ROS, as well as the expression of correlative genes studied. The activation of ERK, JNK, p38, IκB-α and p65 were all suppressed when p65 nuclear translocation was further restricted by olive fruit extract in NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS Olive fruit extract targeted imposing restrictions on the signal transduction of key proteins in NF-κB and MAPK pathways, and thereby lowered the level of inflammatory mediators, which put an enormous hindrance to inflammatory development. Accordingly, it is reasonable to consider olive fruit as a potent ingredient in immunomodulatory products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xia Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yafeng Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yinhua Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng Z, Sun C, Zhong Y, Shi Y, Zhuang L, Liu B, Liu Z. Fraxini cortex: Progresses in phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117849. [PMID: 38301981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fraxini cortex, which has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years, is made from the dried bark of four plant species: Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E.Murray, Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Fraxinus chinensis subsp. chinensis and Fraxinus stylosa Lingelsh.. In Chinese traditional medicine, it possesses the properties of heat-clearing and dampness-drying, asthma relief and cough suppression, as well as vision improvement. It is utilized for treating bacterial disorders, enteritis, leukorrhea, chronic bronitis, painful red eyes with swelling, lacrimation due to windward exposure, psoriasis, and other diseases or related symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY Fraxini cortex is abundant in chemical constituents and has garnered significant attention from plant chemists, particularly regarding coumarins, as evidenced by the recently identified three coumarin compounds. Considering the current dearth of systematic reporting on studies pertaining to Fraxini cortex, herein we provide a comprehensive summary of the advancements in phytochemistry, pharmacology, detection methods, and ethnomedicinal applications of Fraxini cortex. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search across online data sources (Web of Science, Public Medicine (PubMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), as well as Chinese dissertations) and traditional Chinese medicine classics to gather the necessary literature resources for this review. RESULTS Briefly, The Fraxini cortex yielded a total of 132 phytochemicals, including coumarins, lignans, secoiridoids, phenylethanol glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and other compounds. Among them, the main active ingredients are coumarins which possess a diverse range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor properties, prevention of tissue fibrosis and oxidation damage as well as cardioprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS All types of research conducted on Fraxini cortex, particularly in the field of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology, have been thoroughly reviewed. However, certain traditional applications and pharmacological activities of Fraxini cortex lack scientific evaluation or convincing evidence due to incomplete methodologies and ambiguous results, as well as a lack of clinical data. To validate its pharmacological activity, clinical efficacy, and safety profile, a systematic and comprehensive research evaluation is imperative. As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Fraxini cortex should be further explored to facilitate the development of novel drugs and therapeutics for various diseases. Greater attention should be given to how it can be better utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoliang Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, China.
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.
| | - Yuping Zhong
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, China.
| | - Yufei Shi
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, China.
| | - Likai Zhuang
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang D, He J, Hua SY, Li Y, Zhou M. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Nanoparticles for Anterior Uveitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38656895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Anterior uveitis (AU) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that results in iritis, cyclitis, glaucoma, cataracts, and even a loss of vision. The frequent and long-term administration of corticosteroid drugs is limited in the clinic owing to the side effects and patient noncompliance with the drugs. Therefore, specifically delivering drugs to inflammatory anterior segment tissues and reducing the topical application dosage of the drug are still a challenge. Here, we developed dual dexamethasone (Dex) and curcumin (Cur)-loaded reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles (CPDC NPs) to treat anterior uveitis. The CPDC NPs demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, owing to their therapeutic characteristics of dexamethasone and curcumin, respectively. The CPDC NPs could effectively release dexamethasone and curcumin in the oxidizing physiological environment of the inflammation tissue. The CPDC NPs can effectively internalize by activated macrophage cells, subsequently suppressing the proinflammatory factor expression. Moreover, the CPDC NPs can inhibit ROS and inflammation via nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway activation. In an endotoxin-induced uveitis rabbit model, the CPDC NPs show a therapeutic effect that is better than that of either free drugs or commercial eye drops. Importantly, the CPDC NPs with a lower dexamethasone dosage could reduce the side effects significantly. Taken together, we believe that the dual-drug-loaded ROS-responsive NPs could effectively target and inhibit inflammation and have the potential for anterior uveitis treatment in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dike Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | - Jian He
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Shi Yuan Hua
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou G, Zhang W, Wen H, Su Q, Hao Z, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Ge B, Tong C, He X, Wang X. Esculetin improves murine mastitis induced by streptococcus isolated from bovine mammary glands by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106393. [PMID: 37852550 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Cow mastitis, caused by Streptococcus infection of the mammary glands, is a common clinical disease that can lead to decreased milk quality and threaten animal welfare and performance. Esculetin (ESC) is a coumarin with anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects. However, whether ESC has therapeutic effects on mastitis remains unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of ESC against murine mastitis caused by Streptococcus isolated from bovine mammary glands and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Streptococcus uberis was used to construct a mouse model of mastitis. The results showed that the mice exhibited edema and thickening of the acinar wall with inflammatory infiltration after S. uberis treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of ESC significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, restored normal physiological function, and inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that ESC reduced P38 phosphorylation, further inhibited the influence of mammary Streptococcus on cytoplasmic translocation of nuclear factor-κB (P65), and inhibited the transcriptional activation of P65, thus inhibiting the generation of inflammatory cells. Collectively, ESC may inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB, thereby highlighting its potential for the treatment and prevention of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuangWei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - WuHao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - HaoJie Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Qing Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - ZhongHua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - JingJing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - YingKui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - HuaQiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Baoyan Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - XiuYuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - XueBing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lo J, Wu HE, Liu CC, Chang KC, Lee PY, Liu PL, Huang SP, Wu PC, Lin TC, Lai YH, Chang YC, Chen YR, Lee SI, Huang YK, Wang SC, Li CY. Nordalbergin Exerts Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects by Attenuating MAPK Signaling Pathway, NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and ROS Production in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087300. [PMID: 37108458 PMCID: PMC10138998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia-associated neuroinflammation is recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases; however, there is no effective treatment for the blockage of neurodegenerative disease progression. In this study, the effect of nordalbergin, a coumarin isolated from the wood bark of Dalbergia sissoo, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses was investigated using murine microglial BV2 cells. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, whereas nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed using the Griess reagent. Secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was detected by the ELISA. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins was assessed by Western blot. The production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular ROS was detected using flow cytometry. Our experimental results indicated that nordalbergin ≤20 µM suppressed NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β production; decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression; inhibited MAPKs activation; attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation; and reduced both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production by LPS-stimulated BV2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that nordalbergin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities through inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS production, suggesting that nordalbergin might have the potential to inhibit neurodegenerative disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Lo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-En Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Po-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-I Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang SK, Chen TX, Wang W, Xu LL, Zhang YQ, Jin Z, Liu YB, Tang YZ. Aesculetin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through inhibiting NF-кB and MAPKs pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115489. [PMID: 35728711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) has been reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory property both in vitro and in vivo. AIMS OF THIS STUDY In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and investigated underlying molecular mechanisms of aesculetin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and DSS-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured to identify the aesculetin with potent anti-inflammatory effect. Then, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms were explored by western blotting in LPS-induced cells. Next, we verify the anti-inflammatory potential of aesculetin in DSS-induced colitis in vivo. The clinical symptoms of colitis, including weight loss, DAI, colon length and MPO activity, and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated. Finally, Western blot analysis was applied to further investigate underlying mechanism in DSS-induced colitis model. RESULTS Our studies showed that aesculetin exhibited anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production and reducing iNOS and NLRP3 expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanically, we found that aesculetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. In DSS-induced mouse model, the colitis-related symptoms were relieved by treatment with aesculetin. Besides, aesculetin also inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory effect of aesculetin was connected with its inhibition on the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, aesculetin was expected to be developed as an anti-inflammatory drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting-Xiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - You-Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iridin abrogates LPS-induced inflammation in L6 skeletal muscle cells by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
8
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phlebia sp. Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2717196. [PMID: 35872858 PMCID: PMC9303134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2717196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are a life form in which algae and fungi have a symbiotic relationship and have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. This is the first study to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of a Phlebia sp. fungal extract (PSE) isolated from Peltigera neopolydactyla in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. PSE reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), chemokine (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Especially, PSE inhibits the phosphorylation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling (c-Fos and c-Jun) and their upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MKK/MAPKs: MKK4, MKK7, and JNK) and finally reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory effects mainly act via suppressing JNK-mediated AP-1 rather than the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, PSE inhibited the production of final inflammatory effector molecules involved in AP-1 signaling, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we report that PSE has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|
9
|
Park MY, Ha SE, Kim HH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Jeong SH, Park JS, Heo JD, Kim GS. Scutellarein Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation through NF-κB/MAPKs Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123782. [PMID: 35744907 PMCID: PMC9227861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a severe topic in the immune system and play a role as pro-inflammatory mediators. In response to such inflammatory substances, immune cells release cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known as an endotoxin in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it catalyzes inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory-mediated cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by stimulated immune cells. Among the pathways involved in inflammation, nuclear factor kappa (NF-кB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important. NF-kB is a diploid composed of p65 and IkBα and stimulates the pro- gene. MAPKs is a family consisting of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, JNK and p38 play a role as proinflammatory mediators. Thus, we aim to determine the scutellarein (SCU) effect on LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, since scutellarein has been shown to inhibit the SARS coronavirus helicase and has been used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory disorders like COVID-19, it would be required to examine scutellarein’s anti-inflammatory mechanism. We identified inflammation-inducing substances using western blot with RAW264.7 cells and SCU. And we discovered that was reduced by treatment with SCU in p-p65 and p-IκBα. Also, we found that p-JNK and p-ERK were also decreased but there was no effect in p-p38. In addition, we have confirmed that the iNOS was also decreased after treatment but there is no change in the expression of COX-2. Therefore, this study shows that SCU can be used as a compound to treat inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology, Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeonbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology, Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2346
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phenolic Acids Isolated from the Leaves of Gynura procumbens and their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Rostom B, Karaky R, Kassab I, Sylla-Iyarreta Veitia M. Coumarins derivatives and inflammation: Review of their effects on the inflammatory signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Sun S, Zhang J, Li H, Du Y, Li S, Li A, Suo X, Wang Y, Sun Q. Anti-inflammatory activity of the water extract of Chloranthus serratus roots in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells mediated by the Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113880. [PMID: 33508367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chloranthus serratus is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating arthritis and bruises. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the dose-effect relationship and molecular mechanisms of the water extract of C. serratus roots (WECR) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. One-step method, DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method and immunofluorescence method were used to detect nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p65 nuclear transcription, respectively. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Western blotting was taken to determine the contents of the relevant proteins in the nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. RESULTS The concentrations of 3, 30 and 300 μg/mL were optimized as low, medium and high concentrations of the WECR, respectively, and 1 μg/mL was selected as the optimal concentration of LPS to activate macrophages. The dose of the positive drug dexamethasone was 0.13 mg/mL. The WECR could not only inhibit LPS-induced cell differentiation and the overexpression of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2 and ROS but also promote the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and down-regulate the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38 and p65. After the WECR treatment, the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and nuclear translocation of p65 were all inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The WECR exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and down-regulating inflammatory factor levels in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China; Institute of Natural Daily Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yunyan Du
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Shengli Li
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoguo Suo
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang P, Li Q, Liao S, Wei S, Cui L, Xu W, Zhu D, Luo J, Kong L. Shizukaol A exerts anti-inflammatory effect by regulating HMGB1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153472. [PMID: 33550145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Makino (Chloranthaceae) has a long history of being used in Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat painful joints, fractures, arthritis, and other diseases caused by inflammation. It has been reported that lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers are main anti-inflammatory ingredient of S. glabra. Meanwhile, shizukaol A, the precursor of these sesquiterpene dimers, possesses a good inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) in our previous study. But its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism and potential targets of shizukaol A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. METHODS The release of NO and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were measured by Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively. The relevant proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were detected by western blot. Nuclear translocation of p65, HMGB1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were examined by immunofluorescence. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by flow cytometry. The target of shizukaol A was investigated by molecular docking and Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS). RESULTS Shizukaol A had a good inhibitory effect on NO with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 13.79 ± 1.11 μM. Shizukaol A could down-regulate the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Further studies demonstrated that shizukaol A can significantly inhibit phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Meanwhile, shizukaol A decreased the level of ROS and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Furthermore, shizukaol A up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and its nuclear translocation. More importantly, shizukaol A could inhibit activation of HMGB1 by targeting HMGB1. CONCLUSION Shizukaol A inhibited inflammation by targeting HMGB1 to regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Thus, shizukaol A may be an attractive therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang XF, Tian Z, Zhu SX, Li SH, Sun Y. RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel small-molecule inhibitor suppresses colon cancer metastasis through inhibition of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 transcription. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:293. [PMID: 32500466 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui-Hui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The anti-inflammatory potential of protein-bound anthocyanin compounds from purple sweet potato in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
16
|
Kang HK, Hyun CG. Anti-inflammatory Effect of d-(+)-Cycloserine Through Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20920481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, additional therapeutic potentials of classical antibiotics are gaining considerable attention. The discovery of penicillin in the 1920s had a major impact on the history of human health. Penicillin has been used for the treatment for fatal microbial infections in humans and has led to the discovery of several new antibiotics. d-(+)-Cycloserine (DCS) is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces orchidaceous and is used in conjunction with other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. However, there have been no studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of DCS in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of DCS, we examined the ability of DCS to inhibit the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in this study. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mM) of DCS, then treated with 1 μg/mL LPS to detect its anti-inflammatory effects. d-(+)-Cycloserine inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration-dependent manner, and to some extent, inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2. Consistent with these findings, DCS suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. However, it had no effect on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. Western blot analysis demonstrated that DCS inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and suppressed cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, investigation of its effects on nuclear factor kappa B signaling showed that DCS inhibited phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α) and increased intracellular IκB-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, DCS inhibited the phosphorylation of LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase, however it did not affect phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38. Further studies confirmed that the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB-α was mediated through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway. To determine the applicability of DCS to the skin, cytotoxicity on HaCaT keratinocytes was measured following treatment with various concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) of DCS using MTT assay. These results suggest that DCS may be used as a potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu W, Jiang Y, Xue Q, Sun F, Zhang J, Zhou J, Niu Z, Li Q, Li F, Shen T. Structural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) root residues. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
18
|
Zhu B, Yu Y, Liu X, Han Q, Kang Y, Shi L. CD200 Modulates S. aureus-Induced Innate Immune Responses Through Suppressing p38 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E659. [PMID: 30717437 PMCID: PMC6387079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid activation of macrophages plays a central role in eliminating invading bacteria as well as in triggering the inflammatory responses, but how the anti-bacterial and the inflammatory responses are coordinated, in terms of macrophages, is not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) induced the expression of CD200 in murine macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. We found that CD200 significantly suppressed the S. aureus-induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages. Concurrently, the bactericidal capability of macrophages was boosted upon the deletion of CD200. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was selectively down-regulated by CD200 administration, while enhanced upon CD200 silence in response to staphylococcal infection. The negative effect of CD200 siRNA on NO production in macrophages was largely abrogated upon the inhibition of p38 signaling, implying its critical involvement in this regulation. Together, our data demonstrate that CD200 plays a central role in regulating the inflammatory responses and the anti-bacterial activity of macrophages, at least partially, through suppressing p38 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Han
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanhua Kang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fraxinus: A Plant with Versatile Pharmacological and Biological Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4269868. [PMID: 29279716 PMCID: PMC5723943 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4269868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus, a member of the Oleaceae family, commonly known as ash tree is found in northeast Asia, north America, east and western France, China, northern areas of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Chemical constituents of Fraxinus plant include various secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans; therefore, it is considered as a plant with versatile biological and pharmacological activities. Its tremendous range of pharmacotherapeutic properties has been well documented including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective. In addition, its bioactive phytochemicals and secondary metabolites can be effectively used in cosmetic industry and as a competent antiaging agent. Fraxinus presents pharmacological effectiveness by targeting the novel targets in several pathological conditions, which provide a spacious therapeutic time window. Our aim is to update the scientific research community with recent endeavors with specifically highlighting the mechanism of action in different diseases. This potentially efficacious pharmacological drug candidate should be used for new drug discovery in future. This review suggests that this plant has extremely important medicinal utilization but further supporting studies and scientific experimentations are mandatory to determine its specific intracellular targets and site of action to completely figure out its pharmacological applications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang Y, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Immunostimulatory effects of sulfated chitosans on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:1310-1321. [PMID: 29129634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the immunostimulatory effects of chitosan sulfates, we prepared α- and β-chitosan sulfates with different molecular weights and compared their immunostimulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results suggest that β-chitosan sulfates were more active than α-chitosan in promoting nitric oxide (NO) production. Further study show that β-chitosan sulfate significantly promoted the production of NO, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β at the levels of transcription and translation. Moreover, Western blots revealed that it induced the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt, and the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun. The luciferase activity of cells pretreated with β-chitosan sulfate further confirmed the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun. Determination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression suggested that β-chitosan sulfate at least partly bound to TLR4. In conclusion, β-chitosan sulfates activate RAW 264.7 cells through the PI3K-Akt pathway, which is dependent on activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen T, Wang G, You L, Zhang L, Ren H, Hu W, Qiang Q, Wang X, Ji L, Gu Z, Zhao X. Polysaccharide from wheat bran induces cytokine expression via the toll-like receptor 4-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway and prevents cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1344523. [PMID: 28747866 PMCID: PMC5510218 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1344523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran-derived polysaccharides have attracted particular attention due to their immunomodulatory effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions are poorly understood. The current study was designed to examine the effect of wheat bran polysaccharide (WBP) on RAW 264.7 cells and the underlying signaling pathways, which have not been explored. In addition, we also investigated the immuno-enhancement effects of WBP on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice. WBP significantly increased the concentrations of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells. The result of RT-PCR analysis indicated that WBP also enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α expression. Further analyses demonstrated that WBP rapidly activated phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the transcriptional activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that WBP increased the spleen and thymus indices significantly, and markedly promoted the production of the serum cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. Taken together, these results suggest that WBP can improve immunity by enhancing immune function, and could be explored as a potential immunomodulatory agent in functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Gongcheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Long You
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Haiwei Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Qian Qiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Lilian Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Zhengzhong Gu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China.,Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Region, Huaian, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pang M, Yuan Y, Wang D, Li T, Wang D, Shi X, Guo M, Wang C, Zhang X, Zheng G, Yu B, Wang H. Recombinant CC16 protein inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:435-443. [PMID: 28338974 PMCID: PMC5412021 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that Clara cell protein-16 (CC16) has anti-inflammatory functions, although the involved molecular pathways have not been completely elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effect of recombinant rat CC16 (rCC16) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. It was found that rCC16 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 expression at both the messenger ribonucleicacid (mRNA) level and protein level in a concentration-dependent manner, as demonstrated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Such suppressive effects were accompanied by the inhibition of transcriptional activity and the deoxyribonucleic acid binding activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB but not activator protein (AP)-1. Western blot analysis further revealed that rCC16 inhibited the increase of nuclear NF-κB and the reduction of cytosolic NF-κB, the phosphorylation and reduction of NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent NF-κB activation by phosphorylation at Ser276 of its p65 subunit. Furthermore, rCC16 was found to have no effect on the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Jun, or the nuclear translocation of c-Jun. In addition, reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were reversed when the level of endogenous uteroglobin-binding protein was reduced by RNA interference in rCC16- and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Our data suggest that rCC16 suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory mediator TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 production by inactivating NF-κB and p38 MAPK but not AP-1 in RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Guo
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Baofeng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence address. Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135772; E-mail: (H.W.)/Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135670; (B.Y.)
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence address. Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135772; E-mail: (H.W.)/Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135670; (B.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao JW, Chen DS, Deng CS, Wang Q, Zhu W, Lin L. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from the rhizome of Ophiopogon japonicas. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28056939 PMCID: PMC5217338 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Ophiopogon japonicas (L.f) Ker-Gawl has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to cure acute and chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases including thrombotic diseases for thousands of years. Previous phytochemical studies showed that O. japonicus contained compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to identify and isolate compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from the rhizome of O. japonicas. Methods Compounds were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were identified in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) and mass spectrum (MS). To measure the anti-inflammatory effects of thirteen compounds in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, we used the following methods: cell viability assay, nitric oxide assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time PCR analysis and western blotting analysis. Results One new and twelve known compounds (mainly homoisoflavonoids) were extracted from O. japonicas, in which 4′-O-Demethylophiopogonanone E (10) was considered as a new compound, additionally, compounds 4-O-(2-Hydroxy-1- hydroxymethylethyl)-dihydroconiferyl alcohol (2) and 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (12) were isolated from the rhizome of O. japonicas for the first time. The isolated compounds Oleic acid (3), Palmitic acid (4), desmethylisoophiopogonone B [5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-8- methyl- chromone] (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl) chromone (7) and 10 significantly suppressed the production of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Especially compound 10 showed the strongest effect against the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 with the IC50 value of 32.5 ± 3.5 μg/mL and 13.4 ± 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. Further analysis elucidated that the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 10 might be exerted through inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK in MAPK signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Conclusions Our results indicated that 4′-O-Demethylophiopogonanone E can be considered as a potential source of therapeutic medicine for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Akinnawo OO, Anyasor GN, Osilesi O. Aqueous fraction of Alstonia boonei de Wild leaves suppressed inflammatory responses in carrageenan and formaldehyde induced arthritic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:95-101. [PMID: 27974282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alstonia boonie de Wild is an ethnomedical plant used as therapy against inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the most active anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant fraction of A. boonei leaves using in vitro and in vivo models. Quantitative phytochemical analysis, anti-protein denaturation and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of human red blood cell membrane (HRBC), radical scavenging activity assays, carrageenan and formaldehyde-induced inflammation models were carried out. Results showed that aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of 70% methanol extract of A. boonie leaves contained high quantities of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds compared with hexane and butanol fractions. Aqueous fraction of A. boonie leaves significantly (P<0.05) inhibited heat-induced protein denaturation, stabilized hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of HRBC, scavenged DPPH, NO and H2O2 radicals in a concentration-dependent manner compared with other fractions in vitro. In addition, orally administered 50-250-mg/kg body weight (b.w.) aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves suppressed carrageenan-induced rat paw edema thickness by 74.32%, 79.22% and 89.86% respectively at 6th h in a dose-dependent manner comparable with animals treated with standard diclofenac sodium (88.69%) in vivo. Furthermore, investigation of formaldehyde-induced inflammation in rats showed that 50-250 mg/kg b.w. aqueous fraction of A. boonei reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Aqueous fraction of A. boonei also suppressed eosinophils, monocytes and basophils, total white blood cell, total platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and modulated plasma lipid profile compared with control group. Aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves exhibited substantial active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Hence, an aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves could be channeled towards pharmaceutical drug development. In addition, this study provided scientific insight to account for the traditional use of A. boonei leaves in ethnomedical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omowumi O Akinnawo
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria.
| | - God'swill N Anyasor
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria.
| | - Odutola Osilesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, PMB, 21244 Ikeja, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chloranthalactone B in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111938. [PMID: 27879664 PMCID: PMC5133933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloranthalactone B (CTB), a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, was obtained from the Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra, which is frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CTB have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CTB strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blot further confirmed that CTB inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β at the transcriptional level, and decreased the luciferase activities of activator protein (AP)-1 reporter promoters. These data suggest that inhibition occurred at the transcriptional level. In addition, CTB blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Furthermore, CTB suppressed the phosphorylation of MKK3/6 by targeting the binding sites via formation of hydrogen bonds. Our findings clearly show that CTB inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways. Therefore, CTB could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|