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Liu F, Wang X, He Y, Han R, Wang T, Guo Y. Jaw osteoporosis: Challenges to oral health and emerging perspectives of treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116995. [PMID: 38917761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolic disease that poses a significant challenge to global human health. Jaw osteoporosis, characterized by microstructural damage of the jaw resulting from various factors, is one of the common manifestations of this condition. Recent studies have demonstrated that jaw osteoporosis has multifaceted effects on oral health and can negatively impact conditions such as periodontitis, oral implantation, orthodontic treatment, and wound healing. However, there are still some limitations in the conventional treatment of osteoporosis. For instance, while bisphosphonates can enhance bone quality, they may also lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw, which poses a potential safety hazard in oral diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on improving the pathological condition of jaw osteoporosis. Treatment strategies such as gut microbial regulation, extracellular vesicles, molecular targeted therapy, herbal medicine, mechanical stimulation are expected to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse reactions. Therefore, understanding these effects and exploring novel treatments for jaw osteoporosis may provide new insights for oral health maintenance and disease treatment. This article reviews the impact of jaw osteoporosis on oral health and describes the limitations associated with current methods. It also discusses emerging perspectives on treatment, offering a comprehensive overview of the challenges and future directions in managing jaw osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ruiying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Ye L, Yu C, Xia J, Ni K, Zhang Y, Ying X, Xie D, Jin Y, Sun R, Tang R, Fan S, Yao S. Multifunctional nanomaterials via cell cuproptosis and oxidative stress for treating osteosarcoma and OS-induced bone destruction. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100996. [PMID: 38420143 PMCID: PMC10900125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refers to a highly reactive class of oxidizing species that have the potential to induce cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Cuproptosis, a type of cell death, is primarily associated with the effects of copper ions. However, the specific relationship between ROS, cuproptosis, and osteosarcoma (OS) remains relatively unexplored. Additionally, there is limited research on the use of cuproptosis in conjunction with oxidative stress for treating OS and inhibiting tumor-induced bone destruction. To address these gaps, a novel treatment approach has been developed for OS and neoplastic bone destruction. This approach involves the utilization of glutathione (GSH) and pH-responsive organic-inorganic mesoporous silica nanoparticles@Cu2S@oxidized Dextran (short for MCD). The MCD material demonstrates excellent cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, tumor suppression, and the ability to inhibit osteoclast formation. The specific mechanism of action involves the mitochondria of the MCD material inhibiting key proteins in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Simultaneously, the generation of ROS promotes this inhibition and leads to alterations in cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, the MCD biomaterial exhibits promising mild-temperature photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) range, effectively mitigating tumor growth and OS-induced bone destruction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Congcong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Jiechao Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Kainan Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University-the Fifth Medical Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University-Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, 323600, China
| | - Yejin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University-the Fifth Medical Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University-Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, 323600, China
| | - Xiaozhang Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Dingqi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Rongtai Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Shasha Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
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Li J, Mai J, Zhang M, Ma Y, He Q, Gong D, Xiao J, Li M, Chen W, Li Z, Chen S, Pan Z, Li S, Wang H. Myricitrin promotes osteogenesis and prevents ovariectomy bone mass loss via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1155-1172. [PMID: 37357411 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of myricitrin on osteoblast differentiation in mice immortalised bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (imBMSCs). Additionally, ovariectomy (OVX) mice were employed to examine the effect of myricitrin on bone trabecular loss in vivo. The effect of myricitrin on the proliferation of imBMSCs was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining were performed to elucidate osteogenesis. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot determined the expression of osteo-specific genes and proteins. To screen for candidate targets, mRNA transcriptome genes were sequenced using bioinformatics analyses. Western blot and molecular docking analysis were used to examine target signalling markers. Moreover, rescue experiments were used to confirm the effect of myricitrin on the osteogenic differentiation of imBMSCs. OVX mice were also used to estimate the delay capability of myricitrin on bone trabecular loss in vivo using western blot, micro-CT, tartaric acid phosphatase (Trap) staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining and immunochemistry. In vitro, myricitrin significantly enhanced osteo-specific genes and protein expression and calcium deposition. Moreover, mRNA transcriptome gene sequencing and molecular docking analysis revealed that this enhancement was accompanied by an upregulation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, copanlisib, a PI3K inhibitor, partially reversed the osteogenesis promotion induced by myricitrin. In vivo, western blot, micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, Trap staining and immunochemistry revealed that bone trabecular loss rate was significantly alleviated in the myricitrin low- and high-dose groups, with an increased expression of osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, p-PI3K and p-AKT compared to the OVX group. Myricitrin enhances imBMSC osteoblast differentiation and attenuate bone mass loss partly through the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Thus, myricitrin has therapeutic potential as an antiosteoporosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Mai
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Eighth Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhuai Ma
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi He
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Gong
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wendeng Orthopedic and Traumatologic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, China
| | - Jiacong Xiao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Second Tradmonal Chinese Medicine Hostpital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaocong Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jiawei Yanghe Decoction Regulates Bone-Lipid Balance through the BMP-SMAD Signaling Pathway to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2885419. [PMID: 35769158 PMCID: PMC9236768 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2885419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The Jiawei Yanghe decoction (JWYHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of osteoporosis, but its therapeutic mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and the therapeutic target of the intervention disease needs to be further verified. The dysfunction of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is considered to be an important pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). The purpose of this study was to explore how JWYHD regulates BMSC differentiation through the BMP-SMAD signal pathway. Methods In the in vivo study, we used an ovariectomized PMOP rat (n = 36, 2-month-old, 200 ± 20 g) model and femur micro-CT analysis to study the effect of JWYHD on bone loss in rats. By immunofluorescence, the translocation expression of BMP2, a key protein in the pathway, was detected. Serum bone metabolism was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining (ALPS), osteogenesis and matrix mineralization were detected by alizarin red staining (ARS), the adipogenic ability of BMSCs was detected by oil red staining (ORS), and CFU is used to detect the ability of cells to form colonies. The expression of related proteins was detected by western blotting. Results In vivo and in vitro, the OP phenotypes of SD rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) included impaired bone mineral density and microstructure, abnormal bone metabolism, and impaired MSC differentiation potential. JWYHD treatment reversed this trend and restored the differentiation potential of MSCs. JWYHD medicated serum and direct intervention of drugs activated the BMP-SMAD signaling pathway, promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and inhibited their adipogenic differentiation. Conclusions Our data identified that JWYHD is an effective alternative drug for the treatment of PMOP that functions to stimulate the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts in the BMP-SMAD signaling-dependent mechanism.
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Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5832009. [PMID: 35547360 PMCID: PMC9085331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host's immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, which lead to a wide range of disabilities and poor quality of life, thus imposing significant burdens. This process depends on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for reabsorbing the bone tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of differentiation or activity of these cells is a promising strategy for controlling bone resorption. Several pharmacological drugs that target osteoclasts and inflammatory cells with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, such as bisphosphonates, anti-RANK-L antibody, strontium ranelate, cathepsin inhibitors, curcumin, flavonoids, specialized proresolving mediators, and probiotics, were already described to manage inflammatory bone resorption during experimental PD progression in preclinical studies. Meantime, a growing number of studies have described the beneficial effects of herbal products in inhibiting bone resorption in experimental PD. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of several pharmacological drugs used for PD prevention and treatment and highlights the targeted action of all those drugs with antiresorptive properties. In addition, our review provides a timely and critical appraisal for the scientific rationale use of the antiresorptive and immunomodulatory medications in preclinical studies, which will help to understand the basis for its clinical application.
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Ramesh P, Jagadeesan R, Sekaran S, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779638. [PMID: 34887836 PMCID: PMC8649804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These have a significant impact on a plethora of bone diseases. The homeostasis between osteoblast and osteoclast formation decides the integrity and structure of the bone. The flavonoids discussed here are quercetin, kaempferol, icariin, myricetin, naringin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, hesperidin, apigenin and several other flavonoids. The effects these flavonoids have on the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD (BMP2/SMAD) signalling pathways, and apoptotic pathways lead to impacts on bone remodelling. In addition, these polyphenols regulate angiogenesis, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and play a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considering these important effects of flavonoids, they may be regarded as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Karim K, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum Var Alata (Kacip Fatimah) ameliorates derangement in RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the bone of estrogen-deficient female rats with type-2 diabetes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153677. [PMID: 34333329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND M. pumilum has been claimed to protect the bone against the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency. Additionally, it also exhibits anti-diabetic activity. In view of these, this study aims to identify the mechanisms underlying the bone protective effect of M. pumilum in the presence of both estrogen deficiency and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Ovariectomized, diabetic female rats were given M. pumilum leave aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen, glibenclamide and estrogen plus glibenclamide for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, Ca2+, PO43- and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. Rats were sacrificed and femur bones were harvested for determination of expression level and distribution of RANK, RANKL, OPG and oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins by molecular biological techniques. RESULTS 100 mg/kg/day MPLA treatment decreased the FBG and BALP levels but increased the serum insulin, Ca2+ and PO43- levels in estrogen deficient, diabetic rats. Expression and distribution of RANKL, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IL-6, IL-1β and Keap-1 decreased however expression and distribution of RANK, OPG, BMP-2, Type-1 collagen, Runx2, TRAF6, Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, SOD and CAT increased in the bone of estrogen deficient, diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg/day MPLA with greater effects than estrogen-only, glibenclamide-only and estrogen plus glibenclamide treatments. CONCLUSION MPLA helps to overcome the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency and DM on the bone and thus this herb could potentially be used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Imran M, Saeed F, Hussain G, Imran A, Mehmood Z, Gondal TA, El‐Ghorab A, Ahmad I, Pezzani R, Arshad MU, Bacha U, Shariarti MA, Rauf A, Muhammad N, Shah ZA, Zengin G, Islam S. Myricetin: A comprehensive review on its biological potentials. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5854-5868. [PMID: 34646551 PMCID: PMC8498061 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a critical nutritive component of diet providing immunological protection and beneficial for maintaining good health. It is found in fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine. The families Myricaceae, Polygonaceae, Primulaceae, Pinaceae, and Anacardiaceae are the richest sources of myricetin. Different researchers explored the therapeutic potential of this valuable constituent such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, cardiovascular protection, osteoporosis protection, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective. In addition to these, the compound has been tested for cancer and diabetic mellitus during clinical trials. Health benefits of myricetin are related to its impact on different cell processes, such as apoptosis, glycolysis, cell cycle, energy balance, lipid level, serum protein concentrations, and osteoclastogenesis. This review explored the potential health benefits of myricetin with a specific emphasis on its mechanism of action, considering the most updated and novel findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL)Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zaffar Mehmood
- School of Life SciencesForman Christian College (A Chartered University)LahorePakistan
| | - Tanweer Aslam Gondal
- School of Exercise and NutritionFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ahmed El‐Ghorab
- College of Science, Chemistry DepartmentJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Medicine (DIMED)University of PadovaPadovaItaly
- AIROBAssociazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di BasePadovaItaly
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceInstitute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Umar Bacha
- School of Health Sciences (SHS)University of Management and TechnologyJohar Town, LahorePakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariarti
- Department of Technology of Food ProductionsK.G. RazumovskyMoscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University)MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SwabiSwabiKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of PharmacyAbdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanPakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SwabiSwabiKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of BiologyScience FacultySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Saiful Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
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Lin P, Niimi H, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Komatsu K, Liu A, Shiba T, Aoki A, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Application of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168900. [PMID: 34445604 PMCID: PMC8396362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
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10
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Liu A, Huang J. Mechanical Tension-Stress in Alveolar Cleft Repaired With Autogenous Bone in Canine Models. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:442-452. [PMID: 34098764 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211018950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cleft lip and/or palate is a common birth defect worldwide, always accompanied by alveolar cleft. However, the success rate of secondary alveolar bone grafting is unsatisfactory. Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) often used after bone transplantation provides functional stimulation for bone graft area. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RME force on the bone graft area and midpalatal suture, and screen out the most suitable loaded force and loaded teeth, so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Fourteen 24-week-old male beagles were assigned randomly to 3 groups: blank control, autogenous, and autogenous with RME. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the distribution and value of the stress in the model. The maxillae were collected and subjected to radiography and helical computed tomography to evaluate new bone formation in the graft area. Van Gieson's Picrofuchsin staining was performed for histomorphological observation. RESULTS After 8 weeks of RME treatment, new bone formation of the dogs was markedly accelerated, and bone resorption was significantly reduced compared with the untreated dogs or those only treated with autogenous iliac bone. The treatment with RME evidently made the bone trabecula more abundant and the area of bone formation larger. Three-dimensional finite element analysis showed that the clinical effect can be achieved by using canine teeth as the loaded teeth and applying force of 10 MPa. CONCLUSION Rapid maxillary expansion after bone grafting had a positive effect on osteogenesis in a canine model of alveolar cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- Department of Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialiang Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Huang L, Yin X, Chen J, Liu R, Xiao X, Hu Z, He Y, Zou S. Lithium chloride promotes osteogenesis and suppresses apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement in osteoporotic model via regulating autophagy. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3074-3084. [PMID: 33778189 PMCID: PMC7960682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a widely distributed disease that may cause complications such as accelerated tooth movement, bone resorption, and tooth loss during orthodontic treatment. Promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption are strategies for controlling these complications. For several decades, the autophagy inducer lithium chloride (LiCl) has been explored for bipolar . In this study, we investigated the autophagy-promoting effect of LiCl on bone remodeling under osteoporotic conditions during tooth movement. Ovariectomy was used to induce osteoporosis status in vivo. The results showed that LiCl rejuvenated autophagy, decreased apoptosis, and promoted bone formation, thus protecting tooth movement in osteoporotic mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that LiCl reversed the effects of ovariectomy on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) extracted from ovariectomized mice, promoting osteogenesis and suppressing apoptosis by positively regulating autophagy. These findings suggest that LiCl can significantly decrease adverse effects of osteoporosis on bone remodeling, and that it has great potential significance in the field of bone formation during tooth movement in osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The Medical & Nursing School, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ruojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan He
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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12
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Effects of premature contact in maxillary alveolar bone in rats: relationship between experimental analyses and a micro scale FEA computational simulation study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5479-5492. [PMID: 33641062 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the maxillary alveolar bone morphology, bone architecture, and bone turnover in relation to the mechanical strain distribution in rats with dental premature contact. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty 2-month-old male Wistar rats were used. The premature contact group (N=40) received a unilateral (right side) resin cementation on the occlusal surface of the upper first molar. The animals were distributed in 4 subgroups according to the periods of euthanasia: 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after cementation (N=10, for each period). For the control group (N=10), the teeth were kept without resin, featuring a normal occlusion. The pieces including the upper first molars, alveolar bone, and periodontal tissue were processed to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of RANK-L and TRAP protein expression. A three-dimensional bone microarchitecture analysis was performed, where the heads of animals were scanned using microtomography and analyzed using CT-Analyser software (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). In the computer simulation by finite element analysis, two micro-scaled three-dimensional finite element models of first molar and dentoalveolar tissues were constructed, in representation of control and premature contact groups, using Materialise MIMICS Academic Research v18 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The analysis was set to simulate a maxillary molar biting during the power stroke phase. The total deformation, equivalent strain, and minimum principal strain distribution were calculated. RESULTS The expression of RANK-L and TRAP presented higher positive ratio in the 7-day period compared to the control group. The three-dimensional morphometry showed decrease of bone volume in the premature contact, with significant values between the control and the 7-day and 14-day groups (P = 0.007). In FEA, the premature contact model presented a uniform compressive strain distribution in the alveolar bone crest compared to a non-uniform compressive strain distribution in the control model. CONCLUSIONS The results from FEA, 3D bone microarchitecture, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that a model with dental traumatic occlusion resulted in changes of alveolar bone mechanobiology and, consequently, its morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results could be applied in dental treatment planning bringing biological and mechanical feedback to provide an effective mechanism to obtain physiological bone loss responses. Furthermore, this association between experimental and computational analyses will be important to figure out the alveolar bone response to mechanical stimulation in different clinical conditions.
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Vo TTT, Chu PM, Tuan VP, Te JSL, Lee IT. The Promising Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress Pathways: Updated Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121211. [PMID: 33271934 PMCID: PMC7760335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the involvement of oxidative stress, which is simply described as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former, in the development of periodontal disease that is the most common inflammatory disease in the oral cavity. Thus, the potential of antioxidant phytochemicals as adjunctively preventive and therapeutic agents against the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is a topic of great interest. The current review firstly aims to provide updated insights about the immuno-inflammatory pathway regulated by oxidative stress in periodontal pathology. Then, this work further presents the systemic knowledge of antioxidant phytochemicals, particularly the pharmacological activities, which can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects regarding such a scope are figured out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Endoscopy Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Joyce Si-Liang Te
- Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 5162); Fax: +886-2-27362295
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14
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Gupta G, Siddiqui MA, Khan MM, Ajmal M, Ahsan R, Rahaman MA, Ahmad MA, Arshad M, Khushtar M. Current Pharmacological Trends on Myricetin. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 70:448-454. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMyricetin is a member of the group of flavonoids called flavonols. Myricetin is obtained from various fruit, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Myricetin is characterized by the pysrogallol B-ring, and the more hydroxylated structure is known to be capable for its increased biological properties compared with other flavonols. Myricetin is produced by the Myricaceae, Anacardiaceae, Polygonaceae, Pinaceae and Primulacea families. It is soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). It is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. Myricetin shows its various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic and anti-ulcer. This review article focuses on pharmacological effects of Myricetin on different diseases such as osteoporotic disorder, anti-inflammatory disorder, alzheimer’s disease, anti-epileptic, cancer, cardiac disorder, diabetic metabolic disorder, hepatoprotective disorder and gastro protective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudiya Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Aftab Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Ajmal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rabiya Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Azizur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Afroz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Khushtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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15
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Wang N, Xia D. Activation of local innate immune signal induces periodontitis in microbiota-dependent manner. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5527322. [PMID: 31265058 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Both inflammation and dysbiosis have been implicated in periodontitis development. However, the relationship between local inflammation and dysbiosis, and the precise roles of local inflammation in periodontitis are not well-elucidated. In present study, we explored the role of local inflammation in periodontitis. We established a periodontitis model by administration of Pam3CSK4 to local oral area and compared the difference of outcome between local and systemic administration. We monitored the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, local inflammation and alveolar bone loss. We also evaluated the dysbiosis, NF-κB activation. Local but not systemic administration of Pam3CSK4-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines productions and finally resulted in periodontitis. Pam3CSK4 caused dysbiosis and promoted Porphyromonas gingivalis growth. The bacterial growth and NF-κB activation were required for Pam3CSK4-induced periodontitis. We evaluated the effect of local inflammation by inducing TLR2 activation on dysbiosis and periodontitis. Activation of local innate immune signal induces periodontitis in microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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16
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Fu YX, Wang YH, Tong XS, Gong Z, Sun XM, Yuan JC, Zheng TT, Li C, Niu DQ, Dai HG, Liu XF, Mao YJ, Tang BD, Xue W, Huang YJ. EDACO, a derivative of myricetin, inhibits the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryonic osteoclasts in vitro. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:169-175. [PMID: 30722674 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1564239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. This study determined the effects of (E)-3-(2-(4-(3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (EDACO) on the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryonic osteoclasts cultured in vitro. 2. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) were collected from 23-d-old Gaoyou duck embryos and induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in the presence of EDACO at different concentrations (i.e. 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µM). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and resorption ability determination were conducted. 3. Results suggested that EDACO suppressed the shaping of positive multinucleated cells and the number of TRAP-positive cells in the 20, 40, 80 and 160 μM EDACO groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, the absorption activity of differentiated duck embryonic osteoclasts was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) in both 80 and 160 μM EDACO groups. 4. Overall, EDACO can inhibit the differentiation of BM-MNC into mature osteoclasts in duck embryos.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Fu
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - Y H Wang
- b State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering , Guizhou University , Huaxi District , Guiyang , 550025 , PR China
| | - X S Tong
- c College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , 225009 , PR China
| | - Z Gong
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - X M Sun
- d Department of Clinical Medicine , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - J C Yuan
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - T T Zheng
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - C Li
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - D Q Niu
- e Department of gynaecology and obstetrics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - H G Dai
- f Animal husbandry and veterinary bureau of Fengyang County , Chuzhou , 233100 , PR China
| | - X F Liu
- g Department of surgical oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Huaxi District , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - Y J Mao
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - B D Tang
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
| | - W Xue
- b State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering , Guizhou University , Huaxi District , Guiyang , 550025 , PR China
| | - Y J Huang
- a Department of Bioscience , Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , 233030 , PR China
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17
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Arioka M, Zhang X, Li Z, Tulu US, Liu Y, Wang L, Yuan X, Helms JA. Osteoporotic Changes in the Periodontium Impair Alveolar Bone Healing. J Dent Res 2019; 98:450-458. [PMID: 30626268 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518818456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, but how this disease affects alveolar bone healing is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which osteoporosis affects the jaw skeleton and then to evaluate possible mechanisms whereby an osteoporotic phenotype might affect the rate of alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. Using an ovariectomized mouse model coupled with micro-computed tomographic imaging, histologic, molecular, and cellular assays, we first demonstrated that the appendicular and jaw skeletons both develop osteoporotic phenotypes. Next, we demonstrated that osteoporotic mice exhibit atrophy of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and that this atrophy was accompanied by a reduction in the pool of osteoprogenitor cells in the PDL. The paucity of PDL-derived osteoprogenitor cells in osteoporotic mice was associated with significantly slower extraction socket healing. Collectively, these analyses demonstrate that the jaw skeleton is susceptible to the untoward effects of osteoporosis that manifest as thinner, more porous alveolar bone, PDL thinning, and slower bone repair. These findings have potential clinical significance for older osteopenic patients undergoing reconstructive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arioka
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - X Zhang
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Li
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,4 Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - U S Tulu
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Wang
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Yuan
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Helms
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Pokhrel NK, Kim YG, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Choi SY, Kwon TG, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Lee Y. A novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, acalabrutinib, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone resorption. J Periodontol 2018; 90:546-554. [PMID: 30387495 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is not only one of the most prevalent inflammatory diseases among adults, but also commonly linked to numerous systemic conditions including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and diabetes. Although osteoclasts are responsible for the alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis pathogenesis, the development of pharmacologic strategies targeting these cells has not been vastly fruitful. METHODS Bone marrow macrophages were cultured in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to examine the direct effect of acalabrutinib on osteoclastogenesis. Ca2+ oscillation and nuclear localization of NFATc1 in osteoclast precursors were examined to determine the precise molecular mechanism. LPS-induced alveolar bone loss model was employed for studying effect in in vivo bone resorption. RESULTS Acalabrutinib directly inhibited RANKL and LPS-induced in vitro osteoclast differentiation. In addition, acalabrutinib inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and reduced the expression of NF-κB. The inhibitory mechanism involved suppression of Ca2+ oscillation in osteoclast precursors resulting in the decreased NFATc1 expression and nuclear localization, which is a crucial prerequisite for osteoclastogenesis. The administration of acalabrutinib significantly reduced P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone erosion in mice. CONCLUSION These data indicate that acalabrutinib is an effective inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, with a potential for a novel strategy against bone destruction by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Pokhrel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Geon Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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19
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Fan S, Gao X, Chen P, Li X. Myricetin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through the ERK signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 207:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Dietary Polyphenols and Periodontitis-A Mini-Review of Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071786. [PMID: 30036945 PMCID: PMC6099717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is a chronic infection and disease of the periodontium, is a significant global health burden and is linked to other chronic health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary polyphenols present in a wide variety of plant-based foods, herbs, and botanicals have been shown to exert antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and reduced osteoclast and alveolar bone loss activities in animal models of periodontitis. Polyphenol-containing beverages and foods especially green tea and its active catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cranberries, pomegranates, and fruit and vegetable extracts have reported bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against microbial species such as P. gingivalis and shown total bacterial burden in clinical studies. These polyphenols also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have the potential to impact various biological mechanisms for reducing the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The main objective of this mini-review is to focus on the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in improving the pathophysiology underlying chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis based on pre-clinical and clinical models.
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Ribeiro DDSF, Freire JMDO, Teixeira AH, Val DRD, Freitas ARD, Gomes FIF, Silva AARE, Bandeira PN, Santos HSD, Santos WPD, Ávila FN, Pereira KMA, Goes P, Pinto VDPT, Cristino-Filho G, Albuquerque MRJR, Chaves HV, Bezerra MM. Tocoyena sellowiana extract decreases bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats: Putative role for cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1? inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:863-872. [PMID: 29571257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum is one of the most important families of Brazilian medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum ethanolic extract in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis and to investigate possible mechanisms underlying such effects. Periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by placing a nylon thread ligature around second upper left molars for 11 days. Rats received (per os) Tocoyena sellowiana (0.1, 1 or 10?mg?kg) or vehicle 1?h before ligature and daily until day 11. Macroscopic, histopathological, and COX-2 immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the periodontium. The gingival tissue was used to quantify the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and interleukin (IL)-1? levels by ELISA. Blood samples were collected to evaluate bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), the dosage of creatinine, aspartate and alanine transaminases. The liver, kidneys, spleen, and body mass variations were also evaluated. Tocoyena sellowiana decreased bone loss, reduced MPO, IL-1? levels as well as COX-2 immunostaining, and increased BALP activity. Moreover, Tocoyena sellowiana did not alter organs nor body weight. Tocoyena sellowiana reduced bone loss in rats and its efficacy was at least partially dependent upon both IL-1? and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alrieta Henrique Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology - RENORBIO - Ph.D. Program, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Rocha do Val
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology - RENORBIO - Ph.D. Program, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Alfredo Rodrigues E Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceara, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Department of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karuza Maria Alves Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paula Goes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Cristino-Filho
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceara, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Mariotti-Celis MS, Pérez-Correa JR. Polyphenols of Carménère Grapes. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2017; 14:176-186. [PMID: 28845147 PMCID: PMC5543587 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x14666170206151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carménère is the emblematic grape of Chile. Recent studies indicate that it has a different polyphenolic profile than other commercial varieties of grape among other factors, due to its long maturation period. The grape and wine of Carménère stand out for having high concentrations of anthocyanins (malvidin), flavonols (quercetin and myricetin) and flavanols (catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin). These compounds are related to the distinctive characteristic of Carménère wine regarding astringency and color. In vivo and in vitro models suggest some positive effects of these polyphenols in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Therefore, there is a high level of interest to develop scalable industrial methods in order to obtain and purify Carménère grape polyphenol extracts that could be used to improve the characteristics of wines from other varieties or produce nutraceuticals or functional foods for preventing and treating various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago7820436, Chile.,Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Avenida Ejército s/n, Moquegua 18001, Perú
| | - María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile and
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago7820436, Chile
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Liu J, Ren X, Zhang M, Lei Y, Chen Y, He H. Roles of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in experimental periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:220-225. [PMID: 30895054 PMCID: PMC6400003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontitis is an inflammatory, destructive disease caused by periodontal bacteria, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aims of this study are to evaluate the expressions of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in experimental periodontitis (EP) and preliminarily explore their roles in periodontal diseases. Materials and methods A total of 64 six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and an EP group. The EP group was prepared by using silk ligature combined with intraoral bacteria inoculation. To assess the periodontal inflammation and bone destruction extent, hematoxylin and eosin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after the modeling, respectively, and immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also performed to detect the changes of Wnt3a and Dkk1 in periodontal tissue and plasma. Results Wnt3a expression was significantly decreased in the EP group when compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Dkk1 expression was significantly increased in the EP group when compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of Wnt3a and Dkk1 was well correlated with EP. It is suggested that Wnt3a and Dkk1 may be involved in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Liu
- Department of Dentistry, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Endodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Jiang Su, China
| | - Hongbing He
- Department of Periodontology, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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