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Adam MAA, Robinson M, Schwartz AV, Wells G, Hoang A, Albekioni E, Chao G, Weeks J, George UZ, House CD, Turcan Ş, Sohl CD. Catalytically distinct IDH1 mutants tune phenotype severity in tumor models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590655. [PMID: 38712107 PMCID: PMC11071412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) impart a neomorphic reaction that produces the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which can inhibit DNA and histone demethylases to drive tumorigenesis via epigenetic changes. Though heterozygous point mutations in patients primarily affect residue R132, there are myriad D2HG-producing mutants that display unique catalytic efficiency of D2HG production. Here, we show that catalytic efficiency of D2HG production is greater in IDH1 R132Q than R132H mutants, and expression of IDH1 R132Q in cellular and mouse xenograft models leads to higher D2HG concentrations in cells, tumors, and sera compared to R132H-expressing models. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis of xenograft tumors shows expression of IDH1 R132Q relative to R132H leads to hypermethylation patterns in pathways associated with DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the IDH1 R132Q mutation has a more aggressive pro-tumor phenotype, with members of EGFR, Wnt, and PI3K signaling pathways differentially expressed, perhaps through non-epigenetic routes. Together, these data suggest that the catalytic efficiency of IDH1 mutants modulate D2HG levels in cellular and in vivo models, resulting in unique epigenetic and transcriptomic consequences where higher D2HG levels appear to be associated with more aggressive tumors.
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Chen S, Ding H, Wang K, Guo K. Inhibition of Wnt7b reduces the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1415-1424. [PMID: 36472725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors. The role of Wnt7b as a ligand of the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer remains to be studied. Through bioinformatics online analysis, we found that Wnt7b is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of gastrointestinal tumors. This study mainly explored the effects of Wnt7b regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 cells in colorectal cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying the TCGA data set, Wnt7b was found to be highly expressed in most gastrointestinal tumor samples. Real-time quantitative PCR(q-PCR), Western blotting(WB) results showed that Wnt7b was significantly higher expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines compared with normal intestinal epithelial cells. SW480 cells transfected with the sh-Wnt7b showed successful knockdown of Wnt7b. MTT colorimetry showed the proliferation ability of sh-Wnt7b group decreased significantly compared with the non-transfected group. The results of double staining flow cytometry showed that the sh-Wnt7b group had more apoptosis. Cell scratch test showed that the cell migration rate of sh-wnt7b group considerably reduced. The Transwell invasion experiment demonstrated that the number of cell invasions in the sh-Wnt7b group decreased significantly. After SW480 cells was transfected with sh-Wnt7b, the protein levels of β-catenin, CCND1, and CD44 in this group of cells were detected to be reduced by WB, and the same results were obtained by q-PCR detection of mRNA. CONCLUSION Wnt7b is highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells, which may affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Chen
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China.
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To β or Not to β: How Important Is β-Catenin Dependent and Independent WNT Signaling in CLL? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010194. [PMID: 36612190 PMCID: PMC9818906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT pathways play an important role in cancer development and progression, but WNT pathways can also inhibit growth in melanoma, prostate, and ovarian cancers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is known for its overexpression of several WNT ligands and receptors. Canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-dependent, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-independent. Research on WNT in CLL focuses mainly on non-canonical signaling due to the high expression of the WNT-5a receptor ROR1. However, it was also shown that mutations in canonical WNT pathway genes can lead to WNT activation in CLL. The focus of this review is β-catenin-independent signaling and β-catenin-dependent signaling within CLL cells and the role of WNT in the leukemic microenvironment. The major role of WNT pathways in CLL pathogenesis also makes WNT a possible therapeutic target, directly or in combination with other drugs.
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Broeders M, van Rooij J, Oussoren E, van Gestel T, Smith C, Kimber S, Verdijk R, Wagenmakers M, van den Hout J, van der Ploeg A, Narcisi R, Pijnappel W. Modeling cartilage pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis VI using iPSCs reveals early dysregulation of chondrogenic and metabolic gene expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:949063. [PMID: 36561048 PMCID: PMC9763729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.949063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a metabolic disorder caused by disease-associated variants in the Arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene, resulting in ARSB enzyme deficiency, lysosomal glycosaminoglycan accumulation, and cartilage and bone pathology. The molecular response to MPS VI that results in cartilage pathology in human patients is largely unknown. Here, we generated a disease model to study the early stages of cartilage pathology in MPS VI. We generated iPSCs from four patients and isogenic controls by inserting the ARSB cDNA in the AAVS1 safe harbor locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Using an optimized chondrogenic differentiation protocol, we found Periodic acid-Schiff positive inclusions in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis showed that hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI downregulated expression of genes involved in TGF-β/BMP signalling, and upregulated expression of inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Expression of genes involved in apoptosis and growth was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism was dysregulated in hiPSC-derived chondrogenic cells with MPS VI. These results suggest that human ARSB deficiency in MPS VI causes changes in the transcriptional program underlying the early stages of chondrogenic differentiation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Broeders
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jgj van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tjm van Gestel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ca Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sj Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rm Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maem Wagenmakers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jmp van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - At van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wwmp Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Song D, He H, Indukuri R, Huang Z, Stepanauskaite L, Sinha I, Haldosén LA, Zhao C, Williams C. ERα and ERβ Homodimers in the Same Cellular Context Regulate Distinct Transcriptomes and Functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930227. [PMID: 35872983 PMCID: PMC9299245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ are nuclear receptors that bind estrogen (E2) and function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. They are homologues and can form dimers with each other and bind to the same estrogen-response element motifs in the DNA. ERα drives breast cancer growth whereas ERβ has been reported to be anti-proliferative. However, they are rarely expressed in the same cells, and it is not fully investigated to which extent their functions are different because of inherent differences or because of different cellular context. To dissect their similarities and differences, we here generated a novel estrogen-dependent cell model where ERα homodimers can be directly compared to ERβ homodimers within the identical cellular context. By using CRISPR-cas9 to delete ERα in breast cancer MCF7 cells with Tet-Off-inducible ERβ expression, we generated MCF7 cells that express ERβ but not ERα. MCF7 (ERβ only) cells exhibited regulation of estrogen-responsive targets in a ligand-dependent manner. We demonstrated that either ER was required for MCF7 proliferation, but while E2 increased proliferation via ERα, it reduced proliferation through a G2/M arrest via ERβ. The two ERs also impacted migration differently. In absence of ligand, ERβ increased migration, but upon E2 treatment, ERβ reduced migration. E2 via ERα, on the other hand, had no significant impact on migration. RNA sequencing revealed that E2 regulated a transcriptome of around 800 genes via each receptor, but over half were specific for either ERα or ERβ (417 and 503 genes, respectively). Functional gene ontology enrichment analysis reinforced that E2 regulated cell proliferation in opposite directions depending on the ER, and that ERβ specifically impacted extracellular matrix organization. We corroborated that ERβ bound to cis-regulatory chromatin of its unique proposed migration-related direct targets ANXA9 and TFAP2C. In conclusion, we demonstrate that within the same cellular context, the two ERs regulate cell proliferation in the opposite manner, impact migration differently, and each receptor also regulates a distinct set of target genes in response to E2. The developed cell model provides a novel and valuable resource to further complement the mechanistic understanding of the two different ER isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Huan He
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rajitha Indukuri
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lina Stepanauskaite
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Arne Haldosén
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Williams,
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Zhang J, Yang Q, Yang J, Gao X, Luo R, Huang X, Yan Z, Wang P, Wang W, Xie K, Zhang B, Gun S. Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptome-wide m 6A Methylome Upon Clostridium perfringens Beta2 Toxin Exposure in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by m 6A Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:689748. [PMID: 34737761 PMCID: PMC8560698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglet diarrhea is a swine disease responsible for serious economic impacts in the pig industry. Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin (CPB2), which is a major toxin of C. perfringens type C, may cause intestinal diseases in many domestic animals. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation plays critical roles in many immune and inflammatory diseases in livestock and other animals. However, the role of m6A methylation in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells exposed to CPB2 has not been studied. To address this issue, we treated IPEC-J2 cells with CPB2 toxin and then quantified methylation-related enzyme expression by RT-qPCR and assessed the m6A methylation status of the samples by colorimetric N6-methyladenosine quantification. The results showed that the methylation enzymes changed to varying degrees while the m6A methylation level increased (p < 0.01). On this basis, we performed N6-methyladenosine sequencing (m6A-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine the detailed m6A modifications and gene expression of the IPEC-J2 cells following CPB2 toxin exposure. Our results indicated that 1,448 m6A modification sites, including 437 up-regulated and 1,011 down-regulated, differed significantly between CPB2 toxin exposed cells and non-exposed cells (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis results showed that m6A peaks up-regulated genes (n = 394) were mainly enriched in cancer, Cushing syndrome and Wnt signaling pathways, while m6A peaks down-regulated genes (n = 920) were mainly associated with apoptosis, small cell lung cancer, and the herpes simplex virus 1 infection signaling pathway. Furthermore, gene expression (RNA-seq data) analysis identified 1,636 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1,094 were up-regulated and 542 were down-regulated in the toxin exposed group compared with the control group. In addition, the down-regulated genes were involved in the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, the combined results of m6A-seq and RNA-seq identified genes with up-regulated m6A peaks but with down-regulated expression, here referred to as "hyper-down" genes (n = 18), which were mainly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, we speculate that the genes in the Wnt signaling pathway may be modified by m6A methylation in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. These findings provide new insights enabling further exploration of the mechanisms underlying piglet diarrhea caused by CPB2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Hu Y, Zheng M, Zhang D, Gou R, Liu O, Wang S, Lin B. Identification of the prognostic value of a 2-gene signature of the WNT gene family in UCEC using bioinformatics and real-world data. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:516. [PMID: 34565373 PMCID: PMC8474865 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WNT gene family plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, but its involvement has not been systematically analyzed in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the WNT gene family in UCEC. Methods Pan-cancer transcriptome data of the UCSC Xena database and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) normal tissue data were downloaded to analyze the expression and prognosis of 19 WNT family genes in UCEC. A cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA-UCEC) was used to analyze the expression of the WNT gene family in different immune subtypes and clinical subgroups. The STRING database was used to analyze the interaction of the WNT gene family and its biological function. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso cox analysis were used to identify the genes associated with significant prognosis and to construct multi signature prognosis model. An immunohistochemical assay was used to verify the predictive ability of the model. Risk score and the related clinical features were used to construct a nomogram. Results The expression levels of WNT2, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT7A, and WNT10A were significantly different among different immune subtypes and correlated with TP53 mutation. According to the WNT family genes related to the prognosis of UCEC, UCEC was classified into two subtypes (C1, C2). The prognosis of subtype C1 was significantly better than that of subtype C2. A 2-gene signature (WNT2 and WNT10A) was constructed and the two significantly prognostic groups can be divided based on median Risk score. These results were verified using real-world data, and the nomogram constructed using clinical features and Risk score had good prognostic ability. Conclusions The 2-gene signature including WNT2 and WNT10A can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with UCEC, which is important for clinical decision-making and individualized therapy for patients with UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Rui Gou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Ouxuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China. .,4th Gynecological Ward, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Liaoning, 110004, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Lv C, Sun W, Huang J, Qin Y, Ji X, Zhang H. Expression Profiles of Circular RNAs in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on RNA Deep Sequencing. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3821-3832. [PMID: 34188490 PMCID: PMC8232851 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s316292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent type of thyroid cancer. Herein, we purposed to explore the expression patterns of circRNAs in PTC with the overarching goal of improving early diagnosis rates for individuals with PTC. Methods We used RNA deep sequencing to determine the expression patterns of circRNAs in PTC. Besides, RT-qPCR was employed to confirm circRNAs. The diagnostic potential of the circRNAs was explored by constructing ROC curves. GO along with KEGG pathway analyses were utilized to elucidate the potential biological roles of differentially expressed circRNAs. Moreover, we predicted cross talks among circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, followed by establishment of a ceRNA network. Results Deep sequencing of four PTC pairs and neighboring nontumor tissues identified 16569 circRNAs, of which, 301 were upregulated and 419 were downregulated. The RT-qPCR data demonstrated that the expression of chr5: 38481299-38530666-, chr2: 159932176-159945082-, chr10: 179994-249088+, chr3: 121378716-121381532+, and chr1: 237423092-237445522+ was downregulated, while the expression of chr4: 25665378-25667298+, chr5: 161330883-161336769-, chr1: 12578718-12579412-, chr7: 116695750-116700284+, and chr7: 116699071-116700284+ was upregulated. The stability test exhibited that circRNAs were more tolerant to temperature, RNase R, and time. On the other hand, ROC curves illustrated that chr4: 25665378-25667298+, chr1: 12578718-12579412-, chr7: 116699071-116700284+, chr7: 116695750-116700284+, chr5: 161330883-161336769-, and chr10: 179994-249088+ were effective as diagnostic indicators. However, a logistic regression model combining the six indicators achieved a better combined prediction index, with 97.7% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity. Moreover, GO along with KEGG pathway analyses illustrated that differentially expressed circRNAs were linked to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses established a promising ceRNAs network among mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs. Conclusion Herein, we demonstrated that several circRNAs are promising PTC diagnostic biomarkers. Further study on the functions and mechanisms of these circRNAs may contribute to the understanding of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhou Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Teufel S, Köckemann P, Fabritius C, Wolff LI, Bertrand J, Pap T, Hartmann C. Loss of the WNT9a ligand aggravates the rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in hTNF transgenic mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:494. [PMID: 33990546 PMCID: PMC8121832 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Agonists and antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are modulators of pathological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their activity is primarily modifying bone loss and bone formation, as shown in animal models of RA. More recently, modulation of Wnt signaling by the antagonist Sclerostin has also been shown to influence soft-tissue-associated inflammatory aspects of the disease pointing towards a role of Wnt signaling in soft-tissue inflammation as well. Yet, nothing is known experimentally about the role of Wnt ligands in RA. Here we provide evidence that altering Wnt signaling at the level of a ligand affects all aspects of the rheumatoid arthritic disease. WNT9a levels are increased in the pannus tissue of RA patients, and stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (SFB) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leads to increased transcription of Wnt9a. Loss of Wnt9a in a chronic TNF-dependent RA mouse model results in an aggravation of disease progression with enhanced pannus formation and joint destruction. Yet, loss of its activity in the acute K/BxN serum-transfer induced arthritis (STIA) mouse model, which is independent of TNF signaling, has no effect on disease severity or progression. Thus, suggesting a specific role for WNT9a in TNF-triggered RA. In synovial fibroblasts, WNT9a can activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but it can also activate P38- and downregulate NFκB signaling. Based on in vitro data, we propose that loss of Wnt9a creates a slight proinflammatory and procatabolic environment that boosts the TNF-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teufel
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Köckemann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Fabritius
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena I Wolff
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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10
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Lee C, Hong SN, Kim ER, Chang DK, Kim YH. Depletion of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Factors Contributes to the Alteration of Epithelial Differentiation in SAMP1/YitFcsJ Mice With Crohn Disease-Like Ileitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:667-676. [PMID: 33274375 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SAMP1/YitFcsJ (SAMP1) mice spontaneously develop terminal ileitis resembling human Crohn disease. SAMP1 mice have exhibited alteration of epithelial cell lineage distribution and an overall proliferation of the crypt cell population; however, it has not been evaluated whether epithelial differentiation is impaired because of dysfunction of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or their niche factors. METHODS Using the intestine of SAMP1 mice aged 10 to 14 weeks, morphometric alterations in the crypt-villus architecture, ISCs, crypt cells, and differentiated cells; organoid formation capacity of intestinal crypts; and niche signaling pathways were analyzed and compared with those of age-matched control AKR/J (AKR) mice. RESULTS The ileum of SAMP1 mice showed increased depth of intestinal crypts and decreased surface area of the villi compared with those in the ileum of AKR mice. The number of ISCs in the ileal crypts did not differ between SAMP1 and AKR mice; however, the number of Paneth cells decreased and the number of transient amplifying cells increased. The organoid formation rate of the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice decreased significantly compared with that of AKR mice. The performance of RNA sequencing for intestinal crypts found that the expression of ISC niche factors, such as Wnt3, Dll1, and Dll4, was decreased significantly in the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice. Among the ISC niche signals, the Notch signaling-related genes tended to be downregulated. In particular, immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of Paneth cell-expressing Notch ligand Dll4 was significantly decreased in the intestinal tissue and organoids of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of niche factors for ISCs contributes to the alteration of epithelial differentiation in SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansu Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Azbazdar Y, Karabicici M, Erdal E, Ozhan G. Regulation of Wnt Signaling Pathways at the Plasma Membrane and Their Misregulation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631623. [PMID: 33585487 PMCID: PMC7873896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the key signaling pathways that govern numerous physiological activities such as growth, differentiation and migration during development and homeostasis. As pathway misregulation has been extensively linked to pathological processes including malignant tumors, a thorough understanding of pathway regulation is essential for development of effective therapeutic approaches. A prominent feature of cancer cells is that they significantly differ from healthy cells with respect to their plasma membrane composition and lipid organization. Here, we review the key role of membrane composition and lipid order in activation of Wnt signaling pathway by tightly regulating formation and interactions of the Wnt-receptor complex. We also discuss in detail how plasma membrane components, in particular the ligands, (co)receptors and extracellular or membrane-bound modulators, of Wnt pathways are affected in lung, colorectal, liver and breast cancers that have been associated with abnormal activation of Wnt signaling. Wnt-receptor complex components and their modulators are frequently misexpressed in these cancers and this appears to correlate with metastasis and cancer progression. Thus, composition and organization of the plasma membrane can be exploited to develop new anticancer drugs that are targeted in a highly specific manner to the Wnt-receptor complex, rendering a more effective therapeutic outcome possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karabicici
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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12
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Nie X, Liu H, Liu L, Wang YD, Chen WD. Emerging Roles of Wnt Ligands in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1341. [PMID: 32923386 PMCID: PMC7456893 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is universal in most CRC cases. Wnt ligands (Wnts) are secreted glycoproteins and fundamentally essential for the transduction of Wnt signaling pathway. However, the 19 members of Wnts in humans imply a daunting complexity of Wnt signaling and biological effects, and our understanding of their roles in CRC tumorigenesis is still quite rudimentary. This review will give an overview of the structural characteristics and maturation process of Wnts. The expression pattern of all human Wnts in CRC tissues, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11, and Wnt16, and their relationship with the tumorigenesis and the progression of CRC will be specifically summarized separately. Despite certain challenges, Wnt-based therapeutics for CRC emerge continuously and some are now in clinical trials. In conclusion, a deep understanding of Wnts is very helpful for a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Wang
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Wei-Dong Chen
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13
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Lu Y, Dong B, Song W, Kong X, Mehmood AH, Lin W. An endoplasmic reticulum-targeting fluorescent probe for the imaging of hypochlorous acid in living cells and zebrafishes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Dai D, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yuan L, Lu Y, Zhang A, Zou D, Chen X. Small RNA sequencing reveals microRNAs related to neuropathic pain in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8380. [PMID: 31531524 PMCID: PMC6753853 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in neuropathic pain and predict their corresponding roles in the pathogenesis and development process of neuropathic pain. The rat model of neuropathic pain caused by spared nerve injury (SNI) was established in Sprague-Dawley male rats, followed by small RNA sequencing of the L3–L6 dorsal root ganglion. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the differently expressed miRNAs. Functional verification was performed by intrathecally injecting the animals with miRNA agomir. A total of 72 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the SNI rats, including 33 upregulated and 39 downregulated miRNAs. The results of qPCR further verified the expression levels of rno-miR-6215 (P=0.015), rno-miR-1224 (P=0.030), rno-miR-1249 (P=0.038), and rno-miR-488-3p (P=0.048), which were all significantly downregulated in the SNI rats compared to the control ones. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with phosphorylation, intracellular signal transduction, and cell death. Target prediction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes that are related to axon guidance, focal adhesion, and Ras and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, miR-1224 agomir significantly alleviated SNI-induced neuropathic pain. The current findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Neurosurgical Institute of Shanghai, Neurosurgical Institute of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Neurosurgical Institute of Shanghai, Neurosurgical Institute of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Neurosurgical Institute of Shanghai, Neurosurgical Institute of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Li W, Yang CJ, Wang LQ, Wu J, Dai C, Yuan YM, Li GQ, Yao MC. A tannin compound from Sanguisorba officinalis blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Chin Med 2019; 14:22. [PMID: 31164916 PMCID: PMC6544925 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba officinalis, a popular Chinese herb, called DiYu, has been shown to inhibit the growth of many human cancer cell lines, including colorectal cancer cells. The aims of this study were to discover the active compound and molecular mechanism of S. officinalis against Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and develop Wnt inhibitors from natural products as anti-colorectal cancer agents. METHODS 1,4,6-Tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (TGG) was obtained by the preparative HPLC. The effect of DiYu on proliferation of NIH3T3 and HT29 was detected by MTT assay. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to investigate the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in NIH3T3. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the level of β-catenin in cytoplasm and nucleus. Transcriptomic profiling study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of DiYu on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. RESULTS TGG significantly inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and Wnt target genes (Dkk1, c-Myc, FGF20, NKD1, Survivin), up-regulated the levels of cleaved caspase3, cleaved PARP and ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, which may explain the apoptosis of HT29. CONCLUSIONS Our study enhanced the discovery of the materials and elucidation of mechanisms that account for the anti-Wnt activity of natural inhibitor (DiYu) and identified the potential of TGG to be developed as anti-colorectal cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-juan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Li-qian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cong Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-mei Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 People’s Republic of China
| | - George Q. Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Mei-cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Nava M, Dutta P, Zemke NR, Farias-Eisner R, Vadgama JV, Wu Y. Transcriptomic and ChIP-sequence interrogation of EGFR signaling in HER2+ breast cancer cells reveals a dynamic chromatin landscape and S100 genes as targets. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:32. [PMID: 30736768 PMCID: PMC6368760 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/HER1) can be activated by several ligands including Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-α) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Following ligand binding, EGFR heterodimerizes with other HER family members, such as HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2). Previously, we showed that the EGFR is upregulated in trastuzumab resistant HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer cells. This study is aimed to determine the downstream effects on transcription following EGFR upregulation in HER2+ breast cancer cells. METHODS RNA-sequence and ChIP-sequence for H3K18ac and H3K27ac (Histone H3 lysine K18 and K27 acetylation) were conducted following an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) treatment time course in HER2+ breast cancer cells, SKBR3. The levels of several proteins of interest were confirmed by western blot analysis. The cellular localization of proteins of interest was examined using biochemically fractionated lysates followed by western blot analysis. RESULTS Over the course of 24 h, EGFR stimulation resulted in the modulation of over 4000 transcripts. Moreover, our data demonstrates that EGFR/HER2 signaling regulates the epigenome, with global H3K18ac and H3K27ac oscillating as a function of time following EGF treatment. RNA-sequence data demonstrates the activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) and delayed early genes (DEGs) within 1 h of EGF treatment. More importantly, we have identified members of the S100 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein) gene family as likely direct targets of EGFR signaling as H3K18ac, H3K27ac and pol2 (RNA polymerase II) increase near the transcription start sites of some of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that S100 proteins, which act as Ca2+ sensors, could play a role in EGF induced tumor cell growth and metastasis, contribute to trastuzumab resistance and cell migration and that they are likely drug targets in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Nava
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
| | - Nathan R. Zemke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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17
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Perochon J, Carroll LR, Cordero JB. Wnt Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cells: Lessons from Mice and Flies. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030138. [PMID: 29498662 PMCID: PMC5867859 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play critical roles in the basal maintenance of tissue integrity, also known as homeostasis, and in tissue regeneration following damage. The highly conserved Wnt signalling pathway is a key regulator of stem cell fate. In the gastrointestinal tract, Wnt signalling activation drives homeostasis and damage-induced repair. Additionally, deregulated Wnt signalling is a common hallmark of age-associated tissue dysfunction and cancer. Studies using mouse and fruit fly models have greatly improved our understanding of the functional contribution of the Wnt signalling pathway in adult intestinal biology. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge acquired from mouse and Drosophila research regarding canonical Wnt signalling and its key functions during stem cell driven intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, ageing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perochon
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Lynsey R Carroll
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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WNT9A Is a Conserved Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Development. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020066. [PMID: 29382179 PMCID: PMC5852562 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into all cell types of the blood and can be used therapeutically to treat hematopoietic cancers and disorders. Despite decades of research, it is not yet possible to derive therapy-grade HSCs from pluripotent precursors. Analysis of HSC development in model organisms has identified some of the molecular cues that are necessary to instruct hematopoiesis in vivo, including Wnt9A, which is required during an early time window in zebrafish development. Although bona fide HSCs cannot be derived in vitro, it is possible to model human hematopoietic progenitor development by differentiating human pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic cells. Herein, we modulate WNT9A expression during the in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic progenitor cells and demonstrate that WNT9A also regulates human hematopoietic progenitor cell development in vitro. Overexpression of WNT9A only impacts differentiation to CD34+/CD45+ cells during early time windows and does so in a dose-dependent manner. The cells that receive the Wnt signal—not the cells that secrete WNT9A—differentiate most efficiently to hematopoietic progenitors; this mimics the paracrine action of Wnt9a during in vivo hematopoiesis. Taken together, these data indicate that WNT9A is a conserved regulator of zebrafish and human hematopoietic development.
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19
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Wnt, RSPO and Hippo Signalling in the Intestine and Intestinal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010020. [PMID: 29316729 PMCID: PMC5793173 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we address aspects of Wnt, R-Spondin (RSPO) and Hippo signalling, in both healthy and transformed intestinal epithelium. In intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the Wnt pathway is essential for intestinal crypt formation and renewal, whereas RSPO-mediated signalling mainly affects ISC numbers. In human colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is the driving mechanism initiating this type of neoplasia. The signalling role of the RSPO-binding transmembrane proteins, the leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs), is possibly more pleiotropic and not only limited to the enhancement of Wnt signalling. There is growing evidence for multiple crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin signalling. In the ON state, Hippo signalling results in serine/threonine phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP1) and tafazzin (TAZ), promoting formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In contrast, YAP1 or TAZ dephosphorylation (and YAP1 methylation) results in β-catenin destruction complex deactivation and β-catenin nuclear localization. In the Hippo OFF state, YAP1 and TAZ are engaged with the nuclear β-catenin and participate in the β-catenin-dependent transcription program. Interestingly, YAP1/TAZ are dispensable for intestinal homeostasis; however, upon Wnt pathway hyperactivation, the proteins together with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors drive the transcriptional program essential for intestinal cell transformation. In addition, in many CRC cells, YAP1 phosphorylation by YES proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase (YES1) leads to the formation of a transcriptional complex that includes YAP1, β-catenin and T-box 5 (TBX5) DNA-binding protein. YAP1/β-catenin/T-box 5-mediated transcription is necessary for CRC cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, dishevelled (DVL) appears to be an important mediator involved in both Wnt and Hippo (YAP1/TAZ) signalling and some of the DVL functions were assigned to the nuclear DVL pool. Wnt ligands can trigger alternative signalling that directly involves some of the Hippo pathway components such as YAP1, TAZ and TEADs. By upregulating Wnt pathway agonists, the alternative Wnt signalling can inhibit the canonical Wnt pathway activity.
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