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Weidle UH, Nopora A. Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: MicroRNAs With Efficacy in Preclinical In Vivo Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:349-368. [PMID: 33994361 PMCID: PMC8240043 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities for clear cell renal carcinoma, we surveyed the literature with respect to microRNAs involved in this disease. In this review, we have focused on up- and down-regulated miRs which mediate efficacy in preclinical clear-cell renal carcinoma-related in vivo models. We have identified 10 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated micro-RNAs according to this criterion. As proof-of-concept, micro-RNAs interfering with VEGF (miR-205p) and mTOR (mir-99a) pathways, which are modulated by approved drugs for this disease, have been identified. miRs targeting hypoxia induced factor-2α (HIF-2α) (miR-145), E3 ubiquitinylases speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) (miR 520/372/373) and casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) (miR-200a-3p), interfere with druggable targets. Further identified miRs interfere with cell-cycle dependent kinases, such as CDK2 (miR-200c), CDK4, 6 (miR-1) and CDK4, 9 (206c). Transmembrane receptor Ral interacting protein of 76 kD (RLIP76), targeted by mir-137, has emerged as another important target for ccRCC. Additional miRs and their targets merrying further preclinical validation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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Alharbi A, Zhang Y, Parrington J. Deciphering the Role of Ca 2+ Signalling in Cancer Metastasis: From the Bench to the Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E179. [PMID: 33430230 PMCID: PMC7825727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities. Metastasis is a complex, multi-process phenomenon, and a hallmark of cancer. Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous secondary messenger, and it has become evident that Ca2+ signalling plays a vital role in cancer. Ca2+ homeostasis is dysregulated in physiological processes related to tumour metastasis and progression-including cellular adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, motility, and invasion. In this review, we looked at the role of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways in processes that contribute to metastasis at the local level and also their effects on cancer metastasis globally, as well as at underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Spatiotemporal Ca2+ homeostasis, in terms of oscillations or waves, is crucial for hindering tumour progression and metastasis. They are a limited number of clinical trials investigating treating patients with advanced stages of various cancer types. Ca2+ signalling may serve as a novel hallmark of cancer due to the versatility of Ca2+ signals in cells, which suggests that the modulation of specific upstream/downstream targets may be a therapeutic approach to treat cancer, particularly in patients with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
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Calpain Small Subunit 1 Protein in the Prognosis of Cancer Survivors and Its Clinicopathological Correlation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2019:8053706. [PMID: 32083121 PMCID: PMC7012277 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8053706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims. Calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) is implicated in tumorigenesis and plays a key role in multiple tumors. This study aimed to fully illustrate the prognostic value of Capn4 protein in cancer patients.
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Gao X, Mao YH, Xiao C, Li K, Liu W, Li LY, Pang J. Calpain-2 triggers prostate cancer metastasis via enhancing CRMP4 promoter methylation through NF-κB/DNMT1 signaling pathway. Prostate 2018; 78:682-690. [PMID: 29601651 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-specific death in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We previously reported that collapsing response mediator protein-4 (CRMP4) is a PCa metastasis-suppressor gene and the hypermethylation in CRMP4 promoter is responsible for the transcription repression in metastatic PCa. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of calpain-2 in CRMP4 promoter hypermethylation and its functional modulation in PCa metastasis. METHODS Calpain-2 expression in PCa tissues (n = 87) and its specific mechanisms of functional modulation in CRMP4 expression via limited enzymatic cleavage was investigated. We then focused on the cooperative crosstalk of calpain-2 and NF-κB RelA/p65 in CRMP4 promoter methylation for the initiation of PCa metastasis. Statistical differences between groups were determined using a two-tailed Student's t-test. P < 0.05 indicated statistically significant. RESULTS Calpain-2 was differentially upregulated in metastatic PCa compared with localized PCa. Moreover, calpain-2 cleaved CRMP4 into the N-terminally fragment which promoted migration and invasion in PCa cells via nuclear translocation and activation of E2F1-mediated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression. NF-κB RelA/p65 recruited DNMT1 to bind to and methylate CRMP4 promoter in which Serine276 phosphorylation of p65 was essential. Furthermore, CRMP4 exhibited anti-metastatic function via inhibiting the expression of VEGFC through Semaphorin3B-Neuropilin2 signaling. CONCLUSION Calpain-2 may contribute to the promoter methylation of CRMP4 to repress its transcription, leading to the metastasis of PCa via enhancing VEGFC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hua Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liao-Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Wu X, Zhang H, Chen C, Gong L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Wang H, Yu Z. High expression of Capn4 is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:765-772. [PMID: 31938163 PMCID: PMC6957994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calpain small subunit1 (Capn4) is present in various cancer types and is implicated in tumor metastasis. However, the role of Capn4 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) has not been elucidated. In this study, immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect Capn4 expression and localization in 155 ESCC tissues and in 35 adjacent normal esophageal mucosal tissues. Following knockdown of Capn4 in esophageal cancer cells using RNA interference, we detected the migration and invasion ability of cells. The role of Capn4 on prognosis was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis in 155 ESCC patients. The immunohistochemistry results showed that Capn4 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues compared with normal peritumor esophageal tissues, and Capn4 overexpression was significantly related to tumor size (P = 0.027), tumor invasion depth (P = 0.019), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011). Knockdown of Capn4 drastically reduced migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Based on the results of the univariate analysis, patients with higher Capn4 had a poor prognosis. Through multivariate analysis, we found that Capn4 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in ESCC. These findings suggest that Capn4 overexpression contributes to the aggressive progression of ESCC and functions as a prognostic marker for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Chuangui Chen
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Haitong Wang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
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Yuan SQ, Wu WJ, Qiu MZ, Wang ZX, Yang LP, Jin Y, Yun JP, Gao YH, Li YH, Zhou ZW, Wang F, Xu RH. Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Benefit of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Patients with Resected Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:3498-3505. [PMID: 29151934 PMCID: PMC5687164 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The US guidelines for gastric cancer (GC) recommend adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) combined with 5-fluorouracil as a standard treatment for patients with resected locally advanced GC. However, patient selection criteria for optimizing the use of adjuvant therapies are lacking. In this study, we developed and validated a nomogram to predict the individualized overall survival (OS) benefit of ART among patients with resected ≥stage IB GC. Patients and Methods: The 2002-2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data of 5,206 patients with resected GC were used as a training set for the development of a nomogram. The 2007-2008 SEER data of 1,986 patients with resected GC were used as validation data. Results: In the multivariate analysis weighted by inverse propensity score, the efficacy of ART varied by the ratio of positive to examined nodes (Pinteraction <0.01). The magnitude of this difference was included in the nomogram with associated prognosticators to predict the 3- and 5-year OS with and without ART. The nomogram showed significant prognostic superiority to the 8th TNM staging in the training set (Concordance index, 0.68 versus 0.65; P<0.01) and the validation set (Concordance index, 0.68 versus 0.64; P<0.01). Moreover, the calibration was accurate, and the actual efficacy of ART was positively correlated with the nomogram-estimated survival benefit from ART (Pinteraction <0.01 and Pinteraction =0.02 in the training set and the validation set, respectively). Conclusion: The nomogram can aid individualized clinical decision making by estimating the 3- and 5-year OS and potential benefits of ART among patients with resected GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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