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Hauck JS, Moon D, Jiang X, Wang ME, Zhao Y, Xu L, Quang H, Butler W, Chen M, Macias E, Gao X, He Y, Huang J. Heat shock factor 1 directly regulates transsulfuration pathway to promote prostate cancer proliferation and survival. Commun Biol 2024; 7:9. [PMID: 38172561 PMCID: PMC10764307 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There are limited therapeutic options for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We previously found that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) expression is increased in PCa and is an actionable target. In this manuscript, we identify that HSF1 regulates the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine in the transsulfuration pathway by altering levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). We find that HSF1 directly binds the CBS gene and upregulates CBS mRNA levels. Targeting CBS decreases PCa growth and induces tumor cell death while benign prostate cells are largely unaffected. Combined inhibition of HSF1 and CBS results in more pronounced inhibition of PCa cell proliferation and reduction of transsulfuration pathway metabolites. Combination of HSF1 and CBS knockout decreases tumor size for a small cell PCa xenograft mouse model. Our study thus provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of HSF1 function and an effective therapeutic strategy against advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spencer Hauck
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David Moon
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mu-En Wang
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, and the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfan Xu
- Urology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, 230001, Hefei, China
| | - Holly Quang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William Butler
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1100 Bates Ave Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiping He
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South DUMC 3712, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Cells grown in three-dimensional spheroids mirror in vivo metabolic response of epithelial cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:246. [PMID: 32427948 PMCID: PMC7237469 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in cells adapts quickly to changes in nutrient availability and cellular differentiation status, including growth conditions in cell culture settings. The last decade saw a vast increase in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques, engendering spheroids and organoids. These methods were established to improve comparability to in vivo situations, differentiation processes and growth modalities. How far spheroids mimic in vivo metabolism, however, remains enigmatic. Here, to our knowledge, we compare for the first time metabolic fingerprints between cells grown as a single layer or as spheroids with freshly isolated in situ tissue. While conventionally grown cells express elevated levels of glycolysis intermediates, amino acids and lipids, these levels were significantly lower in spheroids and freshly isolated primary tissues. Furthermore, spheroids differentiate and start to produce metabolites typical for their tissue of origin. 3D grown cells bear many metabolic similarities to the original tissue, recommending animal testing to be replaced by 3D culture techniques.
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Pan Z, Li X, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhang N, Wu F, Liu B, He G. Discovery of Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Based Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4/Histone Deacetylase Dual Inhibitors Induce Autophagic Cell Death in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3678-3700. [PMID: 32153186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Heat Stress-Induced Metabolic Remodeling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110266. [PMID: 31694329 PMCID: PMC6918159 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells respond to heat stress by remodeling their gene expression, resulting in the changes of the corresponding proteins and metabolites. Compared to the intensively investigated transcriptome and proteome, the metabolic response to heat stress is not sufficiently characterized. Mitochondria have been recognized to play an essential role in heat stress tolerance. Given the compartmentalization of the cell, it is not clear if the heat stress-induced metabolic response occurs in mitochondria or in the cytosol. Therefore, a compartment-specific metabolite analysis was performed to analyze the heat stress-induced metabolic response in mitochondria and the cytoplasm. In this work, the isolated mitochondria and the cytoplasm of yeast cells grown at permissive temperature and cells adapting to heat stress were subjected to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Over a hundred metabolites could be identified, covering amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, arginine metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and others. Highly accumulated citrulline and reduced arginine suggested remodeled arginine metabolism. A stable isotope-labeled experiment was performed to analyze the heat stress-induced metabolic remodeling of the arginine metabolism, identifying activated de novo ornithine biosynthesis to support arginine and spermidine synthesis. The short-term increased spermidine and trehalose suggest their important roles as heat stress markers. These data provide metabolic clues of heat stress-induced metabolic remodeling, which helps in understanding the heat stress response.
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Amin S, Rattner J, Keramati MR, Farshidfar F, McNamara MG, Knox JJ, Kopciuk K, Vogel HJ, Bathe OF. A strategy for early detection of response to chemotherapy drugs based on treatment-related changes in the metabolome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213942. [PMID: 30939138 PMCID: PMC6445409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a biomarker-based approach to delivering chemotherapy that entails monitoring treatment changes in the circulating metabolome that reflect efficacy. In-vitro, multiple tumor cell lines were exposed to numerous chemotherapeutics. Supernatants were collected at baseline and 72 hours post treatment. MTT assays were used to quantify growth inhibition. Clinical samples were derived from a phase II clinical trial of second-line axitinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Sera were collected at baseline and 2–4 weeks after treatment initiation. Response to therapy was estimated by CT scan at 8 weeks. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify metabolomic changes associated with response. In vitro, we found drug-specific and generalizable patterns of change in the extracellular metabolome accompany growth inhibition. A cell death signature was also identified. This approach was also applied to clinical samples. While the in vitro signatures were detectable in vivo, a more robust signal was identified clinically that appeared within 4 weeks of administering drug that distinguished individuals with a treatment response. These changes were extinguished as tumor growth resumed. Serial monitoring of the metabolome during chemotherapy is a means to follow treatment efficacy and emergence of resistance, informing the oncologist whether to modify treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahil Amin
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jodi Rattner
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farshidfar
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Knox
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Department of Mathematics and Biostatistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lu S, Lu R, Song H, Wu J, Liu X, Zhou X, Yang J, Zhang H, Tang C, Guo H, Hu J, Mao G, Lin H, Su Z, Zheng H. Metabolomic study of natrin-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:1264-1273. [PMID: 30508545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natrin, a new member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family purified from the snake venom of Naja naja atra, has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. In this study, MTT was used to evaluate cell viability. Apoptotic cells were analyzed by employing a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Metabolomic study of the metabolic perturbations caused by natrin-induced apoptosis in differentiated SMMC-7721 cells was performed for the first time by using integrative ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). To investigate the possible mechanism in the mitochondrial pathway of natrin-induced apoptosis, we measured apoptosis-related mRNA changes using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after treatment with natrin in a dose-dependent manner. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) clearly demonstrated that metabolic profiles were affected by natrin. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that a total of 13 metabolites were characterized as potential biomarkers highly implicated in natrin-induced apoptosis, which corresponded to fluctuations of five pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, natrin-induced apoptosis showed an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the mitochondrial pathway compared with controls. This study illustrated that rapid and holistic cell metabolomics combining molecular biological approaches might be a powerful tool for evaluating the underlying mechanisms of natrin-induced apoptosis, which would help to deepen specific insights into the anti-hepatoma mechanisms of natrin and facilitate the clinical application of natrin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Rigang Lu
- Guangxi Institute For Food and Drug Control, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Song
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuwen Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chaoling Tang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guifu Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hanmei Lin
- Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hua Zheng
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Sahni JM, Keri RA. Targeting bromodomain and extraterminal proteins in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:156-176. [PMID: 29154989 PMCID: PMC5828951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collection of distinct tumor subtypes that are driven by unique gene expression profiles. These transcriptomes are controlled by various epigenetic marks that dictate which genes are expressed and suppressed. During carcinogenesis, extensive restructuring of the epigenome occurs, including aberrant acetylation, alteration of methylation patterns, and accumulation of epigenetic readers at oncogenes. As epigenetic alterations are reversible, epigenome-modulating drugs could provide a mechanism to silence numerous oncogenes simultaneously. Here, we review the impact of inhibitors of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers in breast cancer. These agents, including the prototypical BET inhibitor JQ1, have been shown to suppress a variety of oncogenic pathways while inducing minimal, if any, toxicity in models of several subtypes of breast cancer. BET inhibitors also synergize with multiple approved anti-cancer drugs, providing a greater response in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models than either single agent. The combined findings of the studies discussed here provide an excellent rationale for the continued investigation of the utility of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sahni
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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Pan D, Lindau C, Lagies S, Wiedemann N, Kammerer B. Metabolic profiling of isolated mitochondria and cytoplasm reveals compartment-specific metabolic responses. Metabolomics 2018; 14:59. [PMID: 29628813 PMCID: PMC5878833 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subcellular compartmentalization enables eukaryotic cells to carry out different reactions at the same time, resulting in different metabolite pools in the subcellular compartments. Thus, mutations affecting the mitochondrial energy metabolism could cause different metabolic alterations in mitochondria compared to the cytoplasm. Given that the metabolite pool in the cytosol is larger than that of other subcellular compartments, metabolic profiling of total cells could miss these compartment-specific metabolic alterations. OBJECTIVES To reveal compartment-specific metabolic differences, mitochondria and the cytoplasmic fraction of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated and subjected to metabolic profiling. METHODS Mitochondria were isolated through differential centrifugation and were analyzed together with the remaining cytoplasm by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic profiling. RESULTS Seventy-two metabolites were identified, of which eight were found exclusively in mitochondria and sixteen exclusively in the cytoplasm. Based on the metabolic signature of mitochondria and of the cytoplasm, mutants of the succinate dehydrogenase (respiratory chain complex II) and of the FOF1-ATP-synthase (complex V) can be discriminated in both compartments by principal component analysis from wild-type and each other. These mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery mutants altered not only citric acid cycle related metabolites but also amino acids, fatty acids, purine and pyrimidine intermediates and others. CONCLUSION By applying metabolomics to isolated mitochondria and the corresponding cytoplasm, compartment-specific metabolic signatures can be identified. This subcellular metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool to study the molecular mechanism of compartment-specific metabolic homeostasis in response to mutations affecting the mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiang Pan
- grid.5963.9Center for Biological Systems Analysis, ZBSA, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Lindau
- grid.5963.9Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- grid.5963.9Center for Biological Systems Analysis, ZBSA, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- grid.5963.9Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- grid.5963.9Center for Biological Systems Analysis, ZBSA, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- grid.5963.9BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Rattner J, Bathe OF. Monitoring for Response to Antineoplastic Drugs: The Potential of a Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040060. [PMID: 29144383 PMCID: PMC5746740 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For most cancers, chemotherapeutic options are rapidly expanding, providing the oncologist with substantial choices. Therefore, there is a growing need to select the best systemic therapy, for any individual, that effectively halts tumor progression with minimal toxicity. Having the capability to predict benefit and to anticipate toxicity would be ideal, but remains elusive at this time. An alternative approach is an adaptive approach that involves close observation for treatment response and emergence of resistance. Currently, response to systemic therapy is estimated using radiographic tests. Unfortunately, radiographic estimates of response are imperfect and radiographic signs of response can be delayed. This is particularly problematic for targeted agents, as tumor shrinkage is often not apparent with these drugs. As a result, patients are exposed to prolonged courses of toxic drugs that may ultimately be found to be ineffective. A biomarker-based adaptive strategy that involves the serial analysis of the metabolome is attractive. The metabolome changes rapidly with changes in physiology. Changes in the circulating metabolome associated with various antineoplastic agents have been described, but further work will be required to understand what changes signify clinical benefit. We present an investigative approach for the discovery and validation of metabolomic response biomarkers, which consists of serial analysis of the metabolome and linkage of changes in the metabolome to measurable therapeutic benefit. Potential pitfalls in the development of metabolomic biomarkers of response and loss of response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Rattner
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
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