TGF-β and Physiological Root Resorption of Deciduous Teeth

Inflammatory Status of Excavated Pulp Tissue and Internal Root Resorption in Pulpotomized Primary Molars

Statement of the Problem

Internal root resorption after pulpotomy is a pathological phenomenon and can lead to early root resorption and subsequent loss of the tooth.

Purpose

To assess the relationship between initial inflammatory coronal pulp status in decayed primary molars treated by pulpotomy and internal root resorption after one-year follow-up.

Materials and Method

In this clinical in vivo and in vitro experiment, vital pulpotomies were performed on 50 primary molars from 50 patients aged 5 to 10 years. Coronal pulp was carefully removed followed by hemostasis and placement of a reinforced zinc oxide eugenol over the vital radicular pulp. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay was done on coronal pulp samples and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) was measured. After a 12-month follow-up, periapical radiographs were taken from pulpotomized teeth. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were implemented.

Results

11 treated teeth (22%) showed an internal root resorption as diagnosed on X-rays. No significant association was found between TNF- α, IL-6 levels, and pathological root resorption respectively (p= 0.953) and (p= 0.944). A significant association between age and pathological root resorption was observed (p= 0.031). No significant association between remaining dentin thickness and pathological root resorption was established (p= 0.346).

Conclusion

There was no association between pro-inflammatory cytokines levels/ TNF-α, IL-6 and internal root resorption following pulpotomy in pediatric patients.

Comparative proteomic analysis of dental cementum from deciduous and permanent teeth

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Dental cementum (DC) is a mineralized tissue covering tooth roots that plays a critical role in dental attachment. Differences in deciduous vs. permanent tooth DC have not been explored. We hypothesized that proteomic analysis of DC matrix would identify compositional differences in deciduous (DecDC) vs. permanent (PermDC) cementum that might reflect physiological or pathological differences, such as root resorption that is physiological in deciduous teeth but can be pathological in the permanent dentition.

METHODS

Protein extracts from deciduous (n = 25) and permanent (n = 12) teeth were pooled (five pools of DecDC, five teeth each; four pools of PermDC, three teeth each). Samples were denatured, and proteins were extracted, reduced, alkylated, digested, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The beta-binomial statistical test was applied to normalized spectrum counts with 5% significance level to determine differentially expressed proteins. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate selected proteins.

RESULTS

A total of 510 proteins were identified: 123 (24.1%) exclusive to DecDC; 128 (25.1%) exclusive to PermDC; 259 (50.8%) commonly expressed in both DecDC and PermDC. Out of 60 differentially expressed proteins, 17 (28.3%) were detected in DecDC, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), whereas 43 (71.7%) were detected in PermDC, including decorin (DCN) and osteocalcin (BGLAP). Overall, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that all expressed proteins were related to GO biological processes that included localization and response to stress, and the GO molecular function of differentially expressed proteins was enriched in cell adhesion, molecular binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, structural molecular activity, and macromolecular complex binding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the trends for selected differentially expressed proteins in human teeth.

CONCLUSIONS

Clear differences were found between the proteomes of DecDC and PermDC. These findings may lead to new insights into developmental differences between DecDC and PermDC, as well as to a better understanding of physiological/pathological events such as root resorption.