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Huang S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Pan S, Lu Y, Gao W, Hu X, Fang Q. Diet-derived circulating antioxidants and risk of epilepsy: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1422409. [PMID: 39036635 PMCID: PMC11258006 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1422409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggest a link between diet-derived circulating antioxidants and epilepsy, but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal effect of these antioxidants on epilepsy. Methods To assess the causal link between dietary antioxidants and epilepsy risk, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. This involved examining antioxidants such as zinc, selenium, α- and γ-tocopherol, vitamin A (retinol), vitamin C (ascorbate), and vitamin E (α-tocopherol). We utilized instrumental variables (IVs) which were genetic variations highly associated with these commonly used antioxidants. Exposure data were sourced from a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS). We aggregated data from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Consortium sample, which included various types of epilepsy, as an outcome variable. Finally, we applied the inverse variance weighting method and conducted sensitivity analyses for further validation. Results Based on the primary MR estimates and subsequent sensitivity analyses, the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method revealed that a genetically predicted increase in zinc per standard deviation was positively associated with three types of epilepsy. This includes all types of epilepsy (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, p = 0.008), generalized epilepsy (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25, p = 0.030), and focal epilepsy (documented hippocampal sclerosis) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02, p = 0.025). However, there is no evidence indicating that other antioxidants obtained from the diet affect the increase of epilepsy either positively or negatively. Conclusion Our research indicates that the risk of developing epilepsy may be directly linked to the genetic prediction of zinc, whereas no such association was found for other antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicun Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Pan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeting Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Avrova DK, Tretyakova AD, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. The Autophagic and Apoptotic Death of Forebrain Neurons of Rats with Global Brain Ischemia Is Diminished by the Intranasal Administration of Insulin: Possible Mechanism of Its Action. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6580-6599. [PMID: 39057034 PMCID: PMC11276328 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a promising neuroprotector. To better understand the mechanism of insulin action, it was important to show its ability to diminish autophagic neuronal death in animals with brain ischemic and reperfusion injury. In forebrain ischemia and reperfusion, the number of live neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and frontal cortex of rats decreased to a large extent. Intracerebroventricular administration of the autophagy and apoptosis inhibitors to ischemic rats significantly increased the number of live neurons and showed that the main part of neurons died from autophagy and apoptosis. Intranasal administration of 0.5 IU of insulin per rat (before ischemia and daily during reperfusion) increased the number of live neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and frontal brain cortex. In addition, insulin significantly diminished the level of autophagic marker LC3B-II in these forebrain regions, which markedly increased during ischemia and reperfusion. Our studies demonstrated for the first time the ability of insulin to decrease autophagic neuronal death, caused by brain ischemia and reperfusion. Insulin administered intranasally activated the Akt-kinase (activating the mTORC1 complex, which inhibits autophagy) and inhibited the AMP-activated protein kinase (which activates autophagy) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats with brain ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Natalia F. Avrova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez Av. 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia; (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.); (D.K.A.); (A.D.T.); (A.O.S.)
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050784. [PMID: 37239256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Zakharova IO, Zorina II, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Protective and Antioxidant Effects of Insulin on Rat Brain Cortical Neurons in an in vitro Model of Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Zappelli E, Daniele S, Vergassola M, Ceccarelli L, Chelucci E, Mangano G, Durando L, Ragni L, Martini C. A specific combination of nutraceutical Ingredients exerts cytoprotective effects in human cholinergic neurons. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shpakov AO. Founders of Neurochemistry at the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Zaki MSA, El-Kott AF, AlGwaiz HIM, Shehata SF, Eldeen MA, Andarawi M, Eid RA, Abd-Ella EM. The possible effects of α-tocopherol against amiodarone-treated lungs in rats: vimentin detection, lipid peroxidation assay, and histological and ultrastructural evaluations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58231-58239. [PMID: 35366726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to learn more about the pathogenesis of amiodarone (AD) on alveoli and also the possible preventive effect of α-tocopherol (α-T) against these hazards. Rats were divided into 4 groups, one of which acted as a control, the second received α-T, the third AD, and the fourth AD and α-T for 2 weeks. Light microscopy (LM), immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were analyzed in sections of lung tissue. Alveoli of lung tissue AD examined with LM showed dilatation of alveolar spaces, aggregation of red blood cells, and narrowing of alveolar septa. When stained with vimentin (VIM), alveoli showed a positive reaction in the majority and a moderate reaction in others. In the pneumocytes of the type II, some cytoplasmic vesicles had been deflated, whereas others contained lamellar bodies, a damaged nucleus, and vesicles in their heterochromatin. In the interstitial space, collagen fibers with aggregation of red blood cells and a disrupted blood-air barrier were detected. In rat lung alveoli treated with AD and α-T, the alveolar septum thickened and the alveolar spaces expanded as estimated. The alveoli of this group had more or less intact type I and II pneumocytes and a better appearance of the blood-air barrier. In the cells of the alveolar lining, the VIM staining leads to a diffuse positive response. Finally, lung parenchyma also improved, suggesting that α-T may help minimize the effects of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hussah I M AlGwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehata F Shehata
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biostatistics Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Andarawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman M Abd-Ella
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Art, Al-Baha University, Al-Mandaq, Saudi Arabia
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Liu WC, Pushparaj K, Meyyazhagan A, Arumugam VA, Pappusamy M, Bhotla HK, Baskaran R, Issara U, Balasubramanian B, Khaneghah AM. Ochratoxin A as alarming health in livestock and human: A review on molecular interactions, mechanism of toxicity, detection, detoxification, and dietary prophylaxis. Toxicon 2022; 213:59-75. [PMID: 35452686 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi commonly found in raw plant sources and other feeds. This review comprises an extensive evaluation of the origin and proprieties of OTA, toxicokinetics, biotransformation, and toxicodynamics of ochratoxins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, the compatibility of OTA with oxidative stress is observed through the production of free radicals, resulting in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The OTA leads to nephrotoxicity as the chief target organ is the kidney. Other OTA excretion and absorption rates are observed, and the routes of elimination include faeces, urine, and breast milk. The alternations in the Phe moiety of OTA are the precursor for the amino acid alternation, bringing about Phe-hydroxylase and Phe-tRNA synthase, resulting in the complete dysfunction of cellular metabolism. Biodetoxification using specific microorganisms decreased the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. This review addressed the ability of antioxidants and the dietary components as prophylactic measures to encounter toxicity and demonstrated their capability to counteract the chronic exposure through supplementation as feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India.
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappusamy
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | - Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Utthapon Issara
- Division of Food Science and Technology Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | | | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Insulin and α-Tocopherol Enhance the Protective Effect of Each Other on Brain Cortical Neurons under Oxidative Stress Conditions and in Rat Two-Vessel Forebrain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111768. [PMID: 34769198 PMCID: PMC8584186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials show that insulin administered intranasally is a promising drug to treat neurodegenerative diseases, but at high doses its use may result in cerebral insulin resistance. Identifying compounds which could enhance the protective effects of insulin, may be helpful to reduce its effective dose. Our aim was thus to study the efficiency of combined use of insulin and α-tocopherol (α-T) to increase the viability of cultured cortical neurons under oxidative stress conditions and to normalize the metabolic disturbances caused by free radical reaction activation in brain cortex of rats with two-vessel forebrain ischemia/reperfusion injury. Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, colorimetric, and fluorometric techniques were used. α-T enhanced the protective and antioxidative effects of insulin on neurons in oxidative stress, their effects were additive. At the late stages of oxidative stress, the combined action of insulin and α-T increased Akt-kinase activity, inactivated GSK-3beta and normalized ERK1/2 activity in cortical neurons, it was more effective than either drug action. In the brain cortex, ischemia/reperfusion increased the lipid peroxidation product content and caused Na+,K+-ATPase oxidative inactivation. Co-administration of insulin (intranasally, 0.25 IU/rat) and α-T (orally, 50 mg/kg) led to a more pronounced normalization of the levels of Schiff bases, conjugated dienes and trienes and Na+,K+-ATPase activity than administration of each drug alone. Thus, α-T enhances the protective effects of insulin on cultured cortical neurons in oxidative stress and in the brain cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Rong S, Bian C, Yang Y, Pan H. NMR spectroscopy based metabolomics confirms the aggravation of metabolic disorder in metabolic syndrome combined with hyperuricemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2449-2457. [PMID: 34154888 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperuricemia (HUA) were associated with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the molecular mechanism of uric acid in the development of MetS was not well elucidated. The aim of this study was developing a systemic metabolic profile by using metabolomics approach to explore the molecular mechanism of uric acid in the development of MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Anthropometric, clinical biochemical data, and serum samples were collected from patients with MetS, MetS combined with HUA (MetS & HUA) and healthy controls. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to detect endogenous small molecule metabolites of serum samples, then multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish samples of different groups. In addition, pathway analysis was performed to contribute to understanding the metabolic change. By serum metabolic profiling, a total of 20 identified metabolites including lipids, amino acids, and organic acids were significantly altered in MetS and MetS & HUA patients. MetS & HUA patients presented a more severe disorder in both identified metabolites and BMI and biochemical indexes. According to pathway analysis, there were 3 and 5 metabolic pathways remarkably perturbed in MetS and MetS & HUA group respectively. CONCLUSION Taken together, we identified disordered metabolites and related pathways for both MetS and MetS & HUA patients, and found a more severe metabolic disorder in MetS patients who has a higher serum uric acid. Our study provides biochemical insights into the metabolic alteration for the progress of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Shengzhong Rong
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, China
| | - Cailing Bian
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Sokolova TV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF, Yefimova MG. Oxidative Stress Modulates Apoptotic
Substrate Phagocytosis by Primary Rat Astrocytes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zakharova IO, Akhmetshina AO, Bayunova LV, Kizhaeva LR, Avrova NF. The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on
Viability of PC12 Cells during Oxidative Stress and Expression of
Genes Encoding Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Mitochondrial Proteins, SOD2
and Transcription Factors NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gonçalves OH, Moreira TFM, de Oliveira A, Bracht L, Ineu RP, Leimann FV. Antioxidant Activity of Encapsulated Extracts and Bioactives from Natural Sources. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3847-3861. [PMID: 32634076 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707131500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The low water solubility and low bioavailability of natural bioactive substances such as polyphenols and flavonoids, either in pure form or extracts, are a major concern in the pharmaceutical field and even on the food development sector. Although encapsulation has demonstrated success in addressing these drawbacks, it is important to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the encapsulated compounds. This article reviews the encapsulation of bioactive compounds from natural sources focusing their antioxidant activity after encapsulation. Attention is given to the methods and wall materials used, and the antioxidant activity methodologies (classical in vitro techniques such as DPPH, ORAC, FRAP and others, as well as in vivo/ex vivo tests to evaluate endogenous antioxidant enzymes or oxidative stress) applied to assess the antioxidant capacity are also comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odinei H Gonçalves
- Post-graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourao, Parana, Brazil
| | - Thaysa F M Moreira
- Post-graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourao, Parana, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Oliveira
- Post-graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourao, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-270, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Ineu
- Post-graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourao, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Leimann
- Post-graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Campus Campo Mourão (UTFPR-CM), via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, 1233, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourao, Parana, Brazil
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Pahrudin Arrozi A, Shukri SNS, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA, Ahmad Damanhuri MH, Jaafar F, Makpol S. Comparative Effects of Alpha- and Gamma-Tocopherol on Mitochondrial Functions in Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8962. [PMID: 32488024 PMCID: PMC7265356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and reduces the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alpha-tocopherol (ATF) is the most widely studied form of vitamin E besides gamma-tocopherol (GTF) which also shows beneficial effects in AD. The levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) increased in the brains of AD patients, and mutations in the APP gene are known to enhance the production of Aβ. Mitochondrial function was shown to be affected by the increased level of Aβ and may induce cell death. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of ATF and GTF on their ability to reduce Aβ level, modulate mitochondrial function and reduce the apoptosis marker in SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with the wild-type or mutant form of the APP gene. The Aβ level was measured by ELISA, the mitochondrial ROS and ATP level were quantified by fluorescence and luciferase assay respectively whereas the complex V enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry. The expressions of genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability such as voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC1), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and cyclophilin D (CYPD) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the expressions of cyclophilin D (CypD), cytochrome c, Bcl2 associated X (BAX), B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and pro-caspase-3 were determined by western blot. Our results showed that mitochondrial ROS level was elevated accompanied by decreased ATP level and complex V enzyme activity in SH-SY5Y cells expressing the mutant APP gene (p < 0.05). Treatment with both ATF and GTF reduced the mitochondrial ROS level with maximum reduction was observed in the cells treated with high concentrations of ATF and GTF (p < 0.05). However, only GTF at 80 µM significantly increase the ATP level and complex V enzyme activity (p < 0.05). VDAC1 and CYPD were downregulated and CypD protein was significantly overexpressed in cells transfected with the wild-type (WT) and mutant APP gene (p < 0.05). Cytochrome c release, the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2, and pro-caspase-3 expression increased in cells expressing mutated APP gene (p < 0.05). The expression of CypD and pro-caspase 3 protein, and the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2 were increased in the following order; SH-SY5Y-APP-WT < SH-SY5Y-APP Swe
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslina Pahrudin Arrozi
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Syazwani Shukri
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Riffel APK, de Souza JA, Santos MDCQ, Kroth A, da Silveira EMS, Scheid T, Dexheimer GM, Horst A, Kolberg C, Ribeiro MFM, de Fraga LS, Partata WA. Co-administration of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol modifies ascorbic acid and attenuates p38, Akt, and TNF-α expression in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-019-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Bayunova LV, Zorina II, Rychkova MP, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. The Protective Effect of Insulin on Rat Cortical Neurons in Oxidative Stress and Its Dependence on the Modulation of Akt, GSK-3beta, ERK1/2, and AMPK Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153702. [PMID: 31362343 PMCID: PMC6696072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a promising drug for the treatment of diseases associated with brain damage. However, the mechanism of its neuroprotective action is far from being understood. Our aim was to study the insulin-induced protection of cortical neurons in oxidative stress and its mechanism. Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, colorimetric, and fluorometric techniques were used. The insulin neuroprotection was shown to depend on insulin concentration in the nanomolar range. Insulin decreased the reactive oxygen species formation in neurons. The insulin-induced modulation of various protein kinase activities was studied at eight time-points after neuronal exposure to prooxidant (hydrogen peroxide). In prooxidant-exposed neurons, insulin increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser9 (thus inactivating it), which resulted from Akt activation. Insulin activated ERK1/2 in neurons 5–30 min after cell exposure to prooxidant. Hydrogen peroxide markedly activated AMPK, while it was for the first time shown that insulin inhibited it in neurons at periods of the most pronounced activation by prooxidant. Insulin normalized Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential in neurons in oxidative stress. The inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the AMPK activator reduced the neuroprotective effect of insulin. Thus, the protective action of insulin on cortical neurons in oxidative stress appear to be realized to a large extent through activation of Akt and ERK1/2, GSK-3beta inactivation, and inhibition of AMPK activity increased by neuronal exposure to prooxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina O Zakharova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Sokolova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Liubov V Bayunova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Inna I Zorina
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Maria P Rychkova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia F Avrova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8431057. [PMID: 33927795 PMCID: PMC8051519 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8431057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of α-tocopherol supplementation on adaptation to training is still equivocal. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of training and α-tocopherol supplementation on α-tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in the rat liver, heart, muscles, and testes. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups (nonsupplemented, not trained—C; nonsupplemented, trained—CT; supplemented, not trained—E; supplemented and trained—ET). During the 14-day experimental period, 2 mg/d of vitamin E as α-tocopherol acetate was administered to the animals (groups E and ET). Rats in the training group (CT and ET) were subjected to 15 minutes of treadmill running each day. The α-tocopherol levels in rat tissues were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipid peroxides were determined by TBARS spectrophotometric method. α-Tocopherol had a significant impact on α-tocopherol concentration in all tissues. Training increased the α-tocopherol concentration in the heart and muscles but reduced it in the liver. Training also caused increased lipid peroxidation in the muscles, heart, and testes; but a higher α-tocopherol content in tissues reduced the TBARS level. The main finding of the study is that impaired α-tocopherol status and its adequate intake is needed to maintain optimal status to prevent damage to the skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as the testes in growing individuals.
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19
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Functional Nutrients for Epilepsy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061309. [PMID: 31185666 PMCID: PMC6628163 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of which seizures are a core symptom. Approximately one third of epileptic patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and therefore require alternative therapeutic options. Dietary and nutritional supplements can in some cases replace drugs, but with the exception of ketogenic diets, there are no officially recommended dietary considerations for patients with epilepsy. In this review we summarize a selection of nutritional suggestions that have proved beneficial in treating different types of epilepsy. We describe the types of seizures and epilepsy and follow this with an introduction to basic molecular mechanisms. We then examine several functional nutrients for which there is clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy in reducing seizures or epilepsy-associated sudden death. We also discuss experimental results that demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms elicited by the administration of various nutrients. The availability of multiple dietary and nutritional candidates that show favorable outcomes in animals implies that assessing the clinical potential of these substances will improve translational medicine, ultimately benefitting epilepsy patients.
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What Is the Biological Function of Uric Acid? An Antioxidant for Neural Protection or a Biomarker for Cell Death. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:4081962. [PMID: 30733836 PMCID: PMC6348815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the biological function of uric acid. The level of uric acid in different organs in normal male rats was determined with uric acid assay kits, and the expression level of genes in the organs was determined by RNA quantitative sequencing. The correlation analysis between uric acid in the organs and gene expression (measured by FPKM value) was made. Serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with breast cancer or with breast benign tumor was assayed when the diagnosis was made, and SUA in patients with breast cancer was also assayed just after chemotherapy. There were 1937 mRNAs whose expression level significantly correlated with the level of uric acid, and most of which were associated with purine or nucleoside metabolism, cellular metabolism, cell cycles, and cell death pathways. Further analysis showed that the level of uric acid was highly correlated with cell death rather than cell viability. The level of SUA in patients with breast cancer was higher than that in patients with breast benign tumor, and the SUA increased after chemotherapy. All the results suggested that uric acid was mainly synthesized from local nucleosides degraded from dead cells, and uric acid could be an important biomarker for cell death rather than an antioxidant for neural protection.
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Knez D, Coquelle N, Pišlar A, Žakelj S, Jukič M, Sova M, Mravljak J, Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Kos J, Colletier JP, Gobec S. Multi-target-directed ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease: Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors displaying antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:598-617. [PMID: 30031971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The limited clinical efficacy of current symptomatic treatment and minute effect on progression of Alzheimer's disease has shifted the research focus from single targets towards multi-target-directed ligands. Here, a potent selective inhibitor of human butyrylcholinesterase was used as the starting point to develop a new series of multifunctional ligands. A focused library of derivatives was designed and synthesised that showed both butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and good antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH assay. The crystal structure of compound 11 in complex with butyrylcholinesterase revealed the molecular basis for its low nanomolar inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (Ki = 1.09 ± 0.12 nM). In addition, compounds 8 and 11 show metal-chelating properties, and reduce the redox activity of chelated Cu2+ ions in a Cu-ascorbate redox system. Compounds 8 and 11 decrease intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, and are not substrates of the active efflux transport system, as determined in Caco2 cells. Compound 11 also protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from toxic Aβ1-42 species. These data indicate that compounds 8 and 11 are promising multifunctional lead ligands for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France; CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France; CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacques-Philippe Colletier
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France; CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France; CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Bayunova LV, Zorina II, Zakharova IO, Avrova NF. Insulin Increases Viability of Neurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Normalizes Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio under Conditions of Oxidative Stress. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:14-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Zorina II, Bayunova LV, Zakharova IO, Avrova NF. The Dependence of the Protective Effect of Insulin on Its Concentration and Modulation of ERK1/2 Activity under the Conditions of Oxidative Stress in Cortical Neurons. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Akki R, Siracusa R, Morabito R, Remigante A, Campolo M, Errami M, La Spada G, Cuzzocrea S, Marino A. Neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells adaptation to a mild and transient H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:56-64. [PMID: 29431194 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preconditioning (PC) is a cell adaptive response to oxidative stress and, with regard to neurons, can be considered as a neuroprotective strategy. The aim of the present study was to verify how neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells adapt to a mild and transient H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and, hence, whether may be considered as more sensitive cell model to study PC pathways. A first screening allowed to define H2 O2 concentrations for PC (10μM-50μM), applied before damage(100μM H2 O2 ). Cell viability measured 24 hours after 100μM H2 O2 -induced damage was ameliorated by 24-hour pre-exposure to low-concentration H2 O2 (10μM-30μM) with cell size as well restored. Markers for apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bad), inflammation (iNOS), and redox system (MnSOD) were also determined, showing that, in cells pre-exposed to 10μM H2 O2 and then submitted to 100μM H2 O2 , Bcl-2 levels were higher, Bad and iNOS levels were lower than those observed in damaged cells, and MnSOD levels were unchanged. Such findings show that (1) neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC response and more sensitive to the effect of a mild and transient H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress with respect to other neuronal cells; (2) 10μM H2 O2 -induced PC is mediated by apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, unlike antioxidant system; (3) such neuroprotective strategy and underlying signals proven in neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells may contribute to understand in vivo PC mechanisms and to define a window for pharmacological intervention, namely, related to ischemic brain damage. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Neuronal-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC, an endogenous neuroprotective response to a mild and transient H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress, elicited by 24-hour exposure to very low H2 O2 concentrations and mediated by both apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. This model reflects in vivo PC mechanisms occurring after brain trauma and provides novel information about pathways and time of protection useful for an appropriate pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Akki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Giuseppina La Spada
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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