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Zhang X, Zhen D, Yi F, Zhang T, Li X, Wang Y, Li X, Sheng Y, Liu X, Jin T, He Y. Identification of Six Pathogenic Genes for Tibetan Familial Ventricular Septal Defect by Whole Exome Sequencing. J Surg Res 2024; 296:18-28. [PMID: 38215673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation in children. This study aimed to investigate potential pathogenic genes associated with Tibetan familial VSD. METHODS Whole genomic DNA was extracted from eight Tibetan children with VSD and their healthy parents (a total of 16 individuals). Whole-exome sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq platform. After filtration, detection, and annotation, single nucleotide variations and insertion-deletion markers were examined. Comparative evaluations using the Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant, PolyPhen V2, Mutation Taster, and Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion databases were conducted to predict harmful mutant genes associated with the etiology of Tibetan familial VSD. RESULTS A total of six missense mutations in genetic disease-causing genes associated with the development of Tibetan familial VSD were identified: activin A receptor type II-like 1 (c.652 C > T: p.R218 W), ATPase cation transporting 13A2 (c.1363 C > T: p.R455 W), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (c.481 G > A: p.G161 R), MRI1 (c.629 G > A: p.R210Q), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (c.224 G > A: p.R75H), and FBN2 (c.2260 G > A: p.G754S). The Human Gene Mutation Database confirmed activin A receptor type II-like 1, MRI1, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 as pathogenic mutations, while FBN2 was classified as a probable pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSIONS This novel study directly screens genetic variations associated with Tibetan familial VSD using whole-exome sequencing, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da Zhen
- Department of Medical, Tibet Autonomous Region Maternity and Children's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Faling Yi
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yemeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
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Husile H, Wu Z, Yang L, Cao Y, Wu Q. Identification of a HOXD13 variant in a Mongolian family with incomplete penetrance syndactyly by exon sequencing. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:210. [PMID: 36195906 PMCID: PMC9533607 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syndactyly (SD) refers to a deformity caused by the fusion and limb differentiation disorder of soft tissues and/or skeletons to varying extents between adjacent fingers (toes). The main features of this disease are phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we examined four generations of a Chinese Mongolian with different phenotypes of syndactylia and analysed and identified the pathogenic genetic variants of SD by exon sequencing. Methods The clinical phenotypes of patients were analysed, and the hands and feet were examined by X-ray. The pedigree was drawn, and the family data were analysed. Peripheral blood was collected from the family members, and genomic DNA was extracted. The candidate genes of SD were identified by exon sequencing, and the mutation sites of the captured candidate genes were amplified by PCR and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results The family has congenital syndactyly, which is an autosomal dominant disease. At present, this condition has been passed down for 4 generations and was identified in 9 patients, including 4 males and 5 females. Five patients, I2, II4, III5, III,7 and III10, had unilateral syndactyly, and four patients, III16, IV3, IV6 and IV7, had bilateral finger syndactyly. All of their toes were unaffected. The proband and the other patients in this family had a c.917G > A (p.R306Q) mutation, which is located at position 917 of the second exon of the HOXD13 gene. This mutation results in a change in the amino acid at position 306, in which arginine is changed to glutamine. This mutation cosegregates in unaffected individuals and affected patients in this family. Moreover, 201 Mongolian genome databases and a thousand human genome databases were referenced to further confirm that the pathogenic genetic variant that causes syndactyly in this family is found in HOXD13. Conclusion This study found that the mutation site of the pathogenic gene in this family was HOXD13, c.917G > A (p.R306Q). The phenotype of the family member III12 was normal, but this member was also a carrier of the pathogenic genetic variant. This indicates that the disease of this family has incomplete penetrance characteristics. Our results further enrich the expression profile of the HOXD13 gene. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01360-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husile Husile
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Engineneering and Technical Research Center for personalized Medicine, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Inner Mongolia Engineneering and Technical Research Center for personalized Medicine, 028000, Tongliao, China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Liqing Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000, Tongliao, China.,Inner Mongolia Engineneering and Technical Research Center for personalized Medicine, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Yaning Cao
- School Of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010000, Hohhot, China
| | - Qizhu Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000, Tongliao, China. .,Inner Mongolia Engineneering and Technical Research Center for personalized Medicine, 028000, Tongliao, China.
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Hu L, Li H, Sun G, Wu K, Luan Z, Xiang Y, Tang S. Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis of a family with congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1638. [PMID: 33638605 PMCID: PMC8123754 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2). The primary clinical symptoms of CCA include multiple flexion contractures, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, scoliosis, abnormal pinnae, muscular hypoplasia, and crumpled ears. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing technology to examine an arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and used Sanger sequencing technology to genetically confirm its family. RESULTS FBN2 c.3344A>T(p.D1115V) was identified in this family with CCA in a pedigree. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling were carried out simultaneously to avoid the birth of the sick fetus. CONCLUSION The study is on FBN2 variant in CCA, which potentially having implications for genetic counseling and clinical management, our study may provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Prenatal Diganosis Center, Yiwu Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhaotang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yanbao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Phokaew C, Sittiwangkul R, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. Double heterozygous variants in FBN1 and FBN2 in a Thai woman with Marfan and Beals syndromes. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103982. [PMID: 32534992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A phenotype of an individual is resulted from an interaction among variants in several genes. Advanced molecular technologies allow us to identify more patients with mutations in more than one genes. Here, we studied a Thai woman with combined clinical features of Marfan (MFS) and Beals (BS) syndromes including frontal bossing, enophthalmos, myopia, the crumpled appearance to the top of the pinnae, midface hypoplasia, high arched palate, dermal stretch marks, aortic enlargement, mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, and progressive scoliosis. The aortic root enlargement was progressive to a diameter of 7.2 cm requiring an aortic root replacement at the age of 8 years. At her last visit when she was 19 years old, she had moderate aortic regurgitation. Exome sequencing revealed that she carried the c.3159C > G (p.Cys1053Trp) in exon 26 of FBN1 and c.2638G > A (p. Gly880Ser) in exon 20 of FBN2. The variant in FBN1 was de novo, while that in FBN2 was inherited from her unaffected mother. Both genes encode for fibrillins, which are essential for elastic fibers and can form the heterotypic microfibrils. Two defective fibrillins may synergistically worsen cardiovascular manifestations seen in our patient. In this study, we identified the fourth patient with both MFS and BS, carrying mutations in both FBN1 and FBN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chureerat Phokaew
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rekwan Sittiwangkul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhu X, Nie Y, Kuo Y, Guan S, Huang J, Lian Y, Zhao Y, Li R, Wei Y, Qiao J, Yan L. A novel pathogenic mutation in FBN2 associated with congenital contractural arachnodactyly for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:281-284. [PMID: 32747207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanli Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Lian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
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Xu P, Li R, Huang S, Sun M, Liu J, Niu Y, Zou Y, Li J, Gao M, Li X, Gao X, Gao Y. A Novel Splicing Mutation in the FBN2 Gene in a Family With Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly. Front Genet 2020; 11:143. [PMID: 32184806 PMCID: PMC7058790 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is an extremely rare monogenic disorder in humans, and the prevalence of CCA is estimated to be less than 1 in 10,000 worldwide. CCA is characterized by arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, the contracture of major joints, scoliosis, pectus deformities, and crumpled ears. Mutations in FBN2 (which encodes fibrillin-2) are responsible for causing this disease. A family with CCA was investigated in this study, and a novel variant, c.3724+3A > C (also identified as IVS28+3A > C), in FBN2 was found in nine patients from the family but was not found in seven unaffected relatives. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and complementary DNA (cDNA) sequencing data showed that exon 28 was skipped in the FBN2 gene. The FBN2 c.3724+3A > C variant led to an in-frame deletion during transcription, which eventually triggered CCA in the Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Sexin Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Menghan Sun
- School of Biological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jiaolong Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yuping Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
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Zhou S, Wang F, Dou Y, Zhou J, Hao G, Xu C, Wang QK, Wang H, Wang P. A novel FBN2 mutation cosegregates with congenital contractural arachnodactyly in a five-generation Chinese family. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1612-1617. [PMID: 30147916 PMCID: PMC6099051 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.4177T>G and p.Cys1393Gly) in FBN2 that cosegregated with congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) in a five-generation Chinese family. This mutation may cause the loss of the disulfide bond between Cys 1393 and Cys 1378 residues of fibrillin-2. Our study expands the genetic profile of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhou
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongheng Dou
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Gefang Hao
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Chengqi Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology and Human Genome Research CenterHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qing K. Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology and Human Genome Research CenterHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Haili Wang
- Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family PlanningZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birthdefects PreventionNational Health and Family Planning CommissionZhengzhouChina
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLiyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollageHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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