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Fernandes DC, Eto SF, Baldassi AC, Balbuena TS, Charlie-Silva I, de Andrade Belo MA, Pizauro JM. Meningitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus: Proteomics and druggability of virulence factors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109687. [PMID: 38866348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Meningitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a serious public health problem, causing morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Here, we propose a novel experimental model using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to study neuroinflammation. The fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the course of infection was monitored in the peripheral blood. Septicemia was obvious in the blood, while in the brain tissue, infection of the meninges was present. The histopathological examination showed suppurative meningitis, and the cellular immune response in the brain tissue during infection was mediated by microglia. These cells were morphologically characterized and phenotyped by MHC class II markers and CD68. The increased production of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS supported the infiltration of these cells during the neuroinflammatory process. In the proteomic analysis of A. hydrophila isolated from brain tissue, we found chemotactic and transport proteins, proteolytic enzymes and enzymes associated with the dismutation of nitric oxide (NO), as well as motor proteins and those responsible for cell division. After characterizing the most abundant proteins during the course of infection, we investigated the druggability index of these proteins and identified promising peptide sequences as molecular targets that are similar among bacteria. Thus, these findings deepened the understanding of the pathophysiology of meningitis caused by A. hydrophila. Moreover, through the proteomics analysis, important mechanisms and pathways used by the pathogen to subvert the host response were revealed, providing insights for the development of novel antibiotics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Carla Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Laboratory Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD) Special Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Baldassi
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Martins Pizauro
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyawaki N, Kashiwagi H. A Method to Locally Irradiate Specific Organ in Model Organisms Using a Focused Heavy-Ion Microbeam. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1524. [PMID: 38132350 PMCID: PMC10740561 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The functions of organisms are performed by various tissues composed of different cell types. Localized irradiation with heavy-ion microbeams, which inactivate only a portion of the constituent cells without destroying the physical intercellular connections of the tissue, is a practical approach for elucidating tissue functions. However, conventional collimated microbeams are limited in the shape of the area that can be irradiated. Therefore, using a focused heavy-ion microbeam that generates a highly precise beam spot, we developed a technology to uniformly irradiate specific tissues of an organism with a defined dose, which conventional methods cannot achieve. The performance of the developed paint irradiation technology was evaluated. By irradiating the CR-39 ion track detector, we confirmed that the new method, in which each ion hit position is placed uniformly in the irradiated area, makes it possible to uniformly paint the area at a specified dose. The targeted irradiation of the pharynx and gonads of living Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that the irradiated ions were distributed in the same shape as the targeted tissue observed under a microscope. This technology will elucidate biological mechanisms that are difficult to analyze with conventional collimated microbeam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science (TIAQ), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (M.S.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
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Nagata K, Ohashi K, Hashimoto C, Sayed AEDH, Yasuda T, Dutta B, Kajihara T, Mitani H, Suzuki M, Funayama T, Oda S, Watanabe-Asaka T. Responses of hematopoietic cells after ionizing-irradiation in anemic adult medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:663-672. [PMID: 35939385 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hematopoietic tissues of vertebrates are highly radiation sensitive and the effects of ionizing radiation on the hematopoiesis have been studied in mammals and teleosts for decades. In this study, radiation responses in the kidney, the main hematopoietic organ in teleosts, were investigated in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), which has been a model animal and a large body of knowledge has been accumulated in radiation biology. METHODS Kidney, the main hematopoietic tissue of adult medaka fish, was locally irradiated using proton and carbon ion beams irradiation system of Takasaki Ion Accelerator for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), QST, and the effects on peripheral blood cells and histology of the kidney were investigated. RESULTS When only kidneys were locally irradiated with proton or carbon ion beam (15 Gy), the hematopoietic cells in the irradiated kidney and cell density in the peripheral blood decreased 7 days after the irradiation in the same manner as after the whole-body irradiation with γ-rays (15 Gy). These results demonstrate that direct irradiation of the hematopoietic cells in the kidney induced cell death and/or cell cycle arrest and stopped the supply of erythroid cells. Then, the cell density in the peripheral blood recovered to the control level within 4 days and 7 days after the γ-ray and proton beam irradiation (15 Gy), respectively, while the cell density in the peripheral blood did not recover after the carbon ion beam irradiation (15 Gy). The hematopoietic cells in the irradiated kidneys temporarily decreased and recovered to the control level within 21 days after the γ-ray or proton beam irradiation (15 Gy), while it did not recover after the carbon ion beam irradiation (15 Gy). In contrast, the recovery of the cell density in the peripheral blood delayed when anemic medaka were irradiated 1 day after the administration of phenylhydrazine. With and without γ-ray irradiation, a large number of hematopoietic cells was still proliferating in the kidney 7 days after the anemia induction. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained strongly suggest that the hematopoietic stem cells in medaka kidney prioritize to proliferate and increase peripheral blood cells to eliminate anemia, even when they are damaged by high-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chika Hashimoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bibek Dutta
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kajihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, QST, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, QST, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang Z, Li K, Hong M. Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect and Cytoplasmic Irradiation Studies with Microbeams. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070945. [PMID: 36101326 PMCID: PMC9312136 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbeams are useful tools in studies on non-target effects, such as the radiation-induced bystander effect, and responses related to cytoplasmic irradiation. A micrometer or even sub-micrometer-level beam size enables the precise delivery of radiation energy to a specific target. Here we summarize the observations of the bystander effect and the cytoplasmic irradiation-related effect using different kinds of microbeam irradiators as well as discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in these responses. Non-target effects may increase the detrimental effect caused by radiation, so a more comprehensive knowledge of the process will enable better evaluation of the damage resulting from irradiation. Abstract Although direct damage to nuclear DNA is considered as the major contributing event that leads to radiation-induced effects, accumulating evidence in the past two decades has shown that non-target events, in which cells are not directly irradiated but receive signals from the irradiated cells, or cells irradiated at extranuclear targets, may also contribute to the biological consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. With a beam diameter at the micrometer or sub-micrometer level, microbeams can precisely deliver radiation, without damaging the surrounding area, or deposit the radiation energy at specific sub-cellular locations within a cell. Such unique features cannot be achieved by other kinds of radiation settings, hence making a microbeam irradiator useful in studies of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and cytoplasmic irradiation. Here, studies on RIBE and different responses to cytoplasmic irradiation using microbeams are summarized. Possible mechanisms related to the bystander effect, which include gap-junction intercellular communications and soluble signal molecules as well as factors involved in cytoplasmic irradiation-induced events, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Kui Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85280901
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Madushani KP, Shanaka KASN, Yang H, Lim C, Jeong T, Tharuka MDN, Lee J. Molecular characterization, expression profile, and antiviral activity of redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila) viperin. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110699. [PMID: 34801710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viperin is known to exhibit activity against RNA viral infection. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes severe loss in aquaculture species. Susceptible species include redlip mullets (Liza haematocheila), which has become an economically important euryhaline mugilid species in offshore aquaculture along the west coast of Korea. Although interferon-stimulated genes are suspected to act against VHSV, specific pathways or mechanisms of these antiviral actions in redlip mullets have not yet been established. In silico studies of the mullet viperin (Lhrsad2) revealed an S-adenosyl methionine binding conserved domain containing the 77CNYKCGFC84 sequence. In the tissue distribution, the highest levels of lhrsad2 expression were observed in the blood. When injected with poly(I:C), an approximately 17-fold upregulation (compared to the control) of viperin was detected in the blood after 24 h. Furthermore, non-viral immune stimuli, including Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that were injected into redlip mullets were not found to induce considerable levels of viperin expression. Subcellular analysis revealed that Lhrsad2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To investigate Lhrsad2's antiviral effects against VHSV, cells overexpressing lhrsad2 were infected with VHSV, and then the viral titer and viral gene expression were analyzed. Both assays revealed the potential of Lhrsad2 to significantly reduce VHSV transcription and replication. In brief, the current study illustrates the remarkable ability of viperin to weaken VHSV in redlip mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Shanaka KASN, Madushani KP, Madusanka RK, Tharuka MDN, Sellaththurai S, Yang H, Jung S, Lee J. Transcription profile, NF-ĸB promoter activation, and antiviral activity of Amphiprion clarkii Akirin-2. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:14-23. [PMID: 33259930 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal defense system constitutes a series of distinct mechanisms that specifically defend against microbial invasion. Understanding these complex biological mechanisms is of paramount importance for implementing disease prevention strategies. In this study, the transcription factor, Akirin-2 was identified from ornamental fish Amphiprion clarkii and its involvement in immune response was characterized. A. clarkii Akirin-2 (AcAkirin-2) was identified as a highly conserved protein with two nuclear localization signals. In-vitro localization analysis in fathead minnow cells revealed that AcAkirin-2 is strictly localized to the nucleus. With regard to tissue-specific expression without immune challenge, AcAkirin-2 expression was highest in the brain and lowest in the liver. Immune challenge experiments revealed that AcAkirin-2 expression was the strongest in response to poly I:C. Overexpression of AcAkirin-2 alone did not enhanced NF-ĸB activity significantly in HEK293T cells; however, it significantly enhanced NF-ĸB activity in the presence of poly I:C. AcAkirin-2-mediated expression of antiviral genes was analyzed using qPCR in mullet kidney cells and plaque assay was performed to decipher the involvement of AcAkirin-2 in antiviral immunity. AcAkirin-2 overexpression significantly enhanced the expression of Viperin but not of Mx. Plaque assays revealed the ability of AcAkirin-2 to enervate VHSV titers. Taken together, this study unveiled the involvement of AcAkirin-2 in NF-ĸB-mediated transcription of antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajamanthrilage Kasun Madusanka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Yasuda T, Funayama T, Nagata K, Li D, Endo T, Jia Q, Suzuki M, Ishikawa Y, Mitani H, Oda S. Collimated Microbeam Reveals that the Proportion of Non-Damaged Cells in Irradiated Blastoderm Determines the Success of Development in Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Embryos. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E447. [PMID: 33291358 PMCID: PMC7762064 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can affect embryonic and fetal development in mammals, depending on dose and gestational age of the exposure, however, the precise machinery underlying the IR-induced disturbance of embryonic development is still remained elusive. In this study, we examined the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on blastula embryos of medaka and found transient delay of brain development even when they hatched normally with low dose irradiation (2 and 5 Gy). In contrast, irradiation of higher dose of gamma-rays (10 Gy) killed the embryos with malformations before hatching. We then conducted targeted irradiation of blastoderm with a collimated carbon-ion microbeam. When a part (about 4, 10 and 25%) of blastoderm cells were injured by lethal dose (50 Gy) of carbon-ion microbeam irradiation, loss of about 10% or less of blastoderm cells induced only the transient delay of brain development and the embryos hatched normally, whereas embryos with about 25% of their blastoderm cells were irradiated stopped development at neurula stage and died. These findings strongly suggest that the developmental disturbance in the IR irradiated embryos is determined by the proportion of severely injured cells in the blastoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Duolin Li
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Takuya Endo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Qihui Jia
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuji Ishikawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; (K.N.); (D.L.); (T.E.); (Q.J.); (H.M.); (S.O.)
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8
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Furukawa S, Nagamatsu A, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Kakinuma S, Katsube T, Wang B, Tsuruoka C, Shirai T, Nakamura AJ, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Harada H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi J, Kunieda T, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyamoto T, Hidema J, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A. Space Radiation Biology for "Living in Space". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4703286. [PMID: 32337251 PMCID: PMC7168699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4703286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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9
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Fu J, Zhu L, Tu W, Wang X, Pan Y, Bai Y, Dang B, Chen J, Shao C. Macrophage-Mediated Bystander Effects after Different Irradiations through a p53-dependent Pathway. Radiat Res 2019; 193:119-129. [PMID: 31841081 DOI: 10.1667/rr15354.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms of bystander effects outside the localized irradiation field and their potential hematological toxicity. In this study, an in vitro multicellular co-culture system was used to investigate the intercellular commutation and related signaling pathways between either irradiated A549 cells or Beas-2B cells and bystander lymphoblast TK6 cells with or without macrophage U937 cells as an intermediator. Results showed that the proliferation ability of bystander TK6 cells was inhibited after co-culture with A549 cells irradiated with γ rays rather than carbon ions. When macrophages were contained in the co-culture system, the cell viability damage to the bystander TK6 cells were further enhanced. However, the proliferation inhibition of bystander TK6 cells after co-culture with irradiated Beas-2B cells was observed only when intermediator macrophages existed in the cell co-culture system. More serious cell injury was detected after carbon-ion irradiation compared with γ-ray irradiation. The p53-relevant apoptosis pathway was activated in both irradiated A549 and Beas-2B cells, each to a different extent. When the p53 pathway of irradiated cells was inhibited by PFT-α, PFTµ or p53 siRNA, the bystander damage to TK6 cells were clearly alleviated. In conclusion, the bystander lymphoblast damage was induced in different cells using different LET radiations. An amplified bystander response was modulated by the intermediator macrophage. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these bystander effects were dependent on the activation of p53 and its relevant apoptosis pathway in the irradiated cells. These results suggest that the bystander and macrophage-mediated bystander effects contribute to the common acute side effect of lymphocytopenia after local irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzhi Tu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingrong Dang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Heavy-Ion Microbeams for Biological Science: Development of System and Utilization for Biological Experiments in QST-Takasaki. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Target irradiation of biological material with a heavy-ion microbeam is a useful means to analyze the mechanisms underlying the effects of heavy-ion irradiation on cells and individuals. At QST-Takasaki, there are two heavy-ion microbeam systems, one using beam collimation and the other beam focusing. They are installed on the vertical beam lines of the azimuthally-varying-field cyclotron of the TIARA facility for analyzing heavy-ion radiation effects on biological samples. The collimating heavy-ion microbeam system is used in a wide range of biological research not only in regard to cultured cells but also small individuals, such as silkworms, nematode C. elegans, and medaka fish. The focusing microbeam system was designed and developed to perform more precise target irradiation that cannot be achieved through collimation. This review describes recent updates of the collimating heavy ion microbeam system and the research performed using it. In addition, a brief outline of the focusing microbeam system and current development status is described.
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Szabó ER, Reisz Z, Polanek R, Tőkés T, Czifrus S, Pesznyák C, Biró B, Fenyvesi A, Király B, Molnár J, Brunner S, Daroczi B, Varga Z, Hideghéty K. A novel vertebrate system for the examination and direct comparison of the relative biological effectiveness for different radiation qualities and sources. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:985-995. [PMID: 30332320 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent rapid increase of hadron therapy applications requires the development of high performance, reliable in vivo models for preclinical research on the biological effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation. AIM The aim of this paper was to test the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the zebrafish embryo system at two neutron facilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Series of viable zebrafish embryos at 24-hour post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to single fraction, whole-body, photon and neutron (reactor fission neutrons (<En = 1 MeV>) and (p (18 MeV)+Be, <En> = 3.5 MeV) fast neutron) irradiation. The survival and morphologic abnormalities of each embryo were assessed at 24-hour intervals from the point of fertilization up to 192 hpf and then compared to conventional 6 MV photon beam irradiation results. RESULTS The higher energy of the fast neutron beams represents lower RBE (ref. source LINAC 6 MV photon). The lethality rate in the zebrafish embryo model was 10 times higher for 1 MeV fission neutrons and 2.5 times greater for p (18 MeV)+Be cyclotron generated fast neutron beam when compared to photon irradiation results. Dose-dependent organ perturbations (shortening of the body length, spine curvature, microcephaly, micro-ophthalmia, pericardial edema and inhibition of yolk sac resorption) and microscopic (marked cellular changes in eyes, brain, liver, muscle and the gastrointestinal system) changes scale together with the dose response. CONCLUSION The zebrafish embryo system is a powerful and versatile model for assessing the effect of ionizing radiation with different LET values on viability, organ and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Szabó
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Z Reisz
- b Department of Pathology , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - R Polanek
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - T Tőkés
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Sz Czifrus
- c Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Cs Pesznyák
- c Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques , Budapest , Hungary
| | - B Biró
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - A Fenyvesi
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - B Király
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - J Molnár
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Sz Brunner
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - B Daroczi
- e Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- f Department of Oncotherapy , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - K Hideghéty
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary.,f Department of Oncotherapy , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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