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SHAKIBA ELHAM, BOROOMAND SETI, KHERADMAND KIA SIMA, HEDAYATI MEHDI. MicroRNAs in thyroid cancer with focus on medullary thyroid carcinoma: potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic markers and web based tools. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1011-1019. [PMID: 38827323 PMCID: PMC11136686 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.049235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to describe the inculpation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in thyroid cancer (TC) and its subtypes, mainly medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and to outline web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC. Additionally, the capacity of miRNAs to serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in TC management will be discussed. This review is based on a literature search of relevant articles on the role of miRNAs in TC and its subtypes, mainly MTC. Additionally, web-based tools and databases for bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in TC were identified and described. MiRNAs can perform as oncomiRs or antioncoges, relying on the target mRNAs they regulate. MiRNA replacement therapy using miRNA mimics or antimiRs that aim to suppress the function of certain miRNAs can be applied to correct miRNAs aberrantly expressed in diseases, particularly in cancer. MiRNAs are involved in the modulation of fundamental pathways related to cancer, resembling cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways. MiRNAs are also rather stable and can reliably be detected in different types of biological materials, rendering them favorable diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers as well. MiRNAs have emerged as promising tools for evaluating medical outcomes in TC and as possible therapeutic targets. The contribution of miRNAs in thyroid cancer, particularly MTC, is an active area of research, and the utility of web applications and databases for the biological data analysis of miRNAs in TC is becoming increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELHAM SHAKIBA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153511, Iran
| | - SETI BOROOMAND
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - SIMA KHERADMAND KIA
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, 1006 AN, The Netherlands
| | - MEHDI HEDAYATI
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
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2
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Yadav P, Sarode LP, Gaddam RR, Kumar P, Bhatti JS, Khurana A, Navik U. Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:53-60. [PMID: 36084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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3
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Mu Y, Song F, Yuan K, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Fu R, Zhou D. A Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Stratification Model of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on the Autophagy-Related LncRNAs. Front Oncol 2022; 11:771556. [PMID: 35284335 PMCID: PMC8908373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignant carcinomas in the endocrine system, and it has a growing incidence worldwide. Despite the development of diagnosis and treatment modalities for thyroid carcinoma, the outcome remains uncertain. Autophagy participates in the process of cancer invasion, malignancy, metastasis, and drug resistance. Emerging research has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the process of different types of cancers. However, the interaction between the process of autophagy and lncRNA and the value of autophagy-related lncRNA for risk assessment, prediction of drug sensitivity, and prognosis prediction in PTC patients remains unknown. Materials and Methods We screened 1,283 autophagy-related lncRNAs and identified 144 lncRNAs with prognostic value in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to establish the prognosis-related autophagy-related lncRNA risk classification consisting of 10 lncRNAs to indicate the level of risk, according to which the patients were grouped into high-risk group and low risk-group. Results The high-risk group had dramatically worse overall survival compared with the low-risk group. Cox regression analysis was performed to confirm the independent prognostic value of the autophagy-related lncRNA risk stratification, and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves of the risk stratification were 0.981 (1 year), 0.906 (3 years), and 0.963 (5 years). LncRNA CRNDE (LINC00180) is overexpressed in the tumor, and its high expression matched with poorer survival state. So, we chose it for further experiment. Finally, knockdown of the CRNDE in PTC increased the sensitivity to sorafenib. Conclusion Collectively, we successfully established a novel risk stratification for PTC based on the expression profiles of autophagy-related lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrun Mu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuling Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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4
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Agrawal T, Xi L, Navarro W, Raffeld M, Patel SB, Roth MJ, Klubo‐Gwiezdzinska J, Filie AC. An Effective Approach for
BRAF V600E
Mutation Analysis of Routine Thyroid Fine Needle Aspirates. Cytopathology 2021; 33:344-349. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanupriya Agrawal
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
- Department of Pathology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Winnifred Navarro
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Snehal B. Patel
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
- Snehal B. Patel ‐ HeloGenika LLC Dexter
| | - Mark J. Roth
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Joanna Klubo‐Gwiezdzinska
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Armando C. Filie
- Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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5
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Gao Y, Pan Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Yuan W, Zhu X, Wang K. MicroRNA-99a-3p/GRP94 axis affects metastatic progression of human papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating ITGA2 expression and localization. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1650-1661. [PMID: 34687203 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) usually has favorable prognosis; however, distant metastasis is a leading cause of death associated with PTC. MicroRNA-99a-3p (miR-99a-3p) is a member of the miR-99 family that is shown to be a tumor suppressor in various human cancers including the anaplastic thyroid cancer, another type of thyroid cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our previous study reported that miR-99a-3p is downregulated in human PTC tissues as well as human papillary thyroid carcinoma B-CPAP and TPC-1 cell lines. However, its pathological role in PTC remains unclear, especially its impact on PTC metastasis. In the present study, the role of miR-99a-3p in PTC metastasis was molecularly evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models. Our functional study revealed that overexpressing miR-99a-3p significantly suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anoikis resistance as well as migration and invasion of B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells. The mechanical study indicated that glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is the direct target of miR-99a-3p. Moreover, GRP94 overexpression reverses the inhibitory effect of miR-99a-3p on PTC metastasis. In addition, the miR-99a-3p/GRP94 axis exerts its effect via inhibiting the expression and cytoplasmic relocation of integrin 2α (ITGA2). Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that miR-99a-3p significantly inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in PTC xenograft mice. Overall, our findings suggested that the miR-99a-3p/GRP94/ITGA2 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of PTC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangyuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ke Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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6
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Samardzic V, Banjac K, Obradovic M, Gluvic Z, R Isenovic E. Could the level of nitrite/nitrate contribute to malignant thyroid nodule diagnostics? Med Hypotheses 2021; 150:110569. [PMID: 33799155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are among highly prevalent thyroid diseases. To make a distinction between benign and malignant thyroid nodules are of cumbersome significance for each endocrinologist. There is no unique and completely accurate diagnostic test, method, or even biomarker that points to a malignant thyroid nodule. Many studies in modern thyroidology are conducted to determine the usefulness of individual biomarkers, which could help clinicians detect thyroid nodules' potential malignant nature. One interesting biomarker with a promising diagnostic potential for the thyroid gland pathological conditions is nitric oxide (NO). Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is increased in thyroiditis cases and even more in thyroid carcinoma cases, directly connected with increased NO levels in both pathological conditions. We hypothesize that the basal levels of nitrite/nitrate in serum and biopsy washout could indicate nodules' malignant nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Samardzic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjac
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Sirbu AM, Sirbu CA, Eftimie L, Soare AM, Ghinescu MC, Ionita-Radu F. Multiple sclerosis, human herpesvirus 4 and thyroid collision tumor: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3458-3461. [PMID: 32905114 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b), used for multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy, in cancer occurrence is uncertain. There is evidence supporting the role of human herpesvirus 4 [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)] in thyroid cancer and MS. Simultaneous occurrence of papillary and medullary carcinomas is rare, and its association with MS in a young woman raises questions. A 46-year-old female patient was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in 2008. In 2018, cervical MRI detected a thyroid nodule with right cervical adenopathy. Her thyroid function was normal, but increased calcitonin levels were found (70.53 pg/ml; normal value: <9.82 pg/ml). EBV serology tested positive. Paraclinical studies ruled out multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Whole thyroid resection with whole cervical lymph node dissection was performed. To our knowledge, this is the first case that describes an association between MS and thyroid collision tumors. Histological examination ascertained both papillary and medullary thyroid cancer. After surgery, the calcitonin level normalized, and the patient received a therapeutic dose of iodine-131. IFNβ-1b therapy was discontinued. The coexistence of thyroid cancers in MS patients could be explained by immune-mediated inflammation. Although EBV is not the only agent responsible for the development of MS or thyroid cancers, it could be considered a contributory factor in our case. Further research on EBV involvement in the occurrence of simultaneous immune pathologies in various organs is needed to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Sirbu
- Department of Endocrinology, 'C.I. Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Adella Sirbu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Neurology, 'Carol Davila' Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Eftimie
- Department of Pathology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, 'Carol Davila' Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania.,Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 77206 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Angela Mirela Soare
- Department of Neurology, 'Witting' Clinical Hospital, 010243 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Minerva Claudia Ghinescu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Gastroenterology, 'Carol Davila' Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Gopinath SCB, Xuan S. DNA-RNA complementation on silicon wafer for thyroid cancer determination. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:554-559. [PMID: 32460382 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the current issues with thyroid tumor is early diagnosis as it makes the higher possibility of curing. This research was focused to detect and quantify the level of specific target sequence complementation of miR-222 with capture DNA sequence on interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor. The aluminum electrode with the gap and finger sizes of 10 µm was fabricated on silicon wafer, further the surface was amine-functionalized for accommodating carboxylated-DNA probe. With DNA-target RNA complementation, the detection limit was attained to be 1 fM as estimated by a linear regression analysis [y = 1.5325x - 2.1171 R² = 0.9065] and the sensitivity was at the similar level. Current responses were higher by increasing the target RNA sequence concentrations. Control experiments with mismatched/noncomplementary sequences were failed to complement the capture DNA sequence immobilized on IDE, indicating the specific target validation. This research helps diagnosing and identifying the progression with thyroid tumor and miRNA being a potential "marker" in atypia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C B Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.,Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Shijin Xuan
- Department of Mammary and Thyroid Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
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9
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Nisar A, Mahjabeen I, Mehmood A, Ahmed MW, Khurshid K, Kayani MA. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of Src and Yes1 genes in thyroid cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:779-792. [PMID: 32253932 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study was planned to examine the effects of Src and Yes1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on the risk of thyroid cancer in 499 patients and 500 controls. Materials & methods: Three SNPs of Src gene and three SNPs of Yes1 gene were analyzed using Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR followed by sequencing. Results: rs121913314 of Src gene genotype TT showed 32-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer and rs2305994 of Yes1 genotypes TT and CT showed 2.7-fold and 16-fold increased risk in thyroid cancer (p < 0.0001). Haplotype analysis revealed that CATGCC, CATGCT, CATGTC, CATGTT, TATGCC and TATGTTA haplotypes are associated with thyroid cancer risk. Conclusion: Results showed that genotypes and allele distribution of Src and Yes1 genes are significantly linked with increased risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Nisar
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Mehmood
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Khurshid
- Department of Radiation, Nuclear Oncology Radiation Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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ÇADIRCI K, YILDIZ F, KESKIN H, BAYRAK M, KİZİLTUNC OZMEN H, ARIKAN DURMAZ Ş, ÇARLIOĞLU A. Investigation of the neutrophil/lymphocyte and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios in differentiated thyroid cancers. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.689142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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11
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Hassan BB, Altstadt LA, Dirksen WP, Elshafae SM, Rosol TJ. Canine Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Characterization and Cell Line Growth in Nude Mice. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:227-240. [PMID: 32081094 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819901120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in dogs. Dogs and humans are similar in the spontaneous development of thyroid cancer and metastasis to lungs; however, thyroid cancer has a higher incidence of metastasis in dogs. This study developed a preclinical nude mouse model of canine thyroid cancer using a canine thyroid adenocarcinoma cell line (CTAC) and measured the expression of important invasion and metastasis genes in spontaneous canine thyroid carcinomas and CTAC cells. CTAC cells were examined by electron microscopy. Short tandem repeat analysis was performed for both the original neoplasm and CTAC cells. CTAC cells were transduced with luciferase and injected subcutaneously and into the tail vein. Tumors and metastases were monitored using bioluminescent imaging and confirmed with gross necropsy and histopathology. Invasion and metastasis genes were characterized in 8 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), 4 C-cell thyroid carcinomas, 3 normal thyroids, and CTAC cells. CTAC cells grew well as xenografts in the subcutis, and they resembled the primary neoplasm. Metastasis to the kidney and lung occurred infrequently following subcutaneous and tail vein injection of CTAC cells. STR analysis confirmed that CTAC cells were derived from the original neoplasm and were of canine origin. Finally, 24 genes were differentially expressed in spontaneous canine thyroid carcinomas, CTAC, and normal thyroids. This study demonstrated the usefulness of a nude mouse model of experimental canine thyroid carcinoma and identified potential molecular targets of canine follicular and C-cell thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardes B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lucas A Altstadt
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Said M Elshafae
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia, Egypt
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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12
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Role of Rad51 and DNA repair in cancer: A molecular perspective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107492. [PMID: 32001312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for any organism survival and for the inheritance of traits to offspring. To the purpose, cells have developed a complex DNA repair system to defend the genetic information against both endogenous and exogenous sources of damage. Accordingly, multiple repair pathways can be aroused from the diverse forms of DNA lesions, which can be effective per se or via crosstalk with others to complete the whole DNA repair process. Deficiencies in DNA healing resulting in faulty repair and/or prolonged DNA damage can lead to genes mutations, chromosome rearrangements, genomic instability, and finally carcinogenesis and/or cancer progression. Although it might seem paradoxical, at the same time such defects in DNA repair pathways may have therapeutic implications for potential clinical practice. Here we provide an overview of the main DNA repair pathways, with special focus on the role played by homologous repair and the RAD51 recombinase protein in the cellular DNA damage response. We next discuss the recombinase structure and function per se and in combination with all its principal mediators and regulators. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of the manifold roles that RAD51 plays in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance, and conclude this work with a survey of the most promising therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting RAD51 in experimental oncology.
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13
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Lu H, Chen S, You Z, Xie C, Huang S, Hu X. PFKFB4 negatively regulated the expression of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 to mediate the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:129-138. [PMID: 31912488 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumor, and its incidence has progressively increased over several decades. Accumulating evidence has suggested that PFKFB4, a critical regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, has been implicated in various solid cancers. However, the exact effect of PFKFB4 on TC remains unclear. Hence, the objective of this work was to investigate the role of PFKFB4 in TC and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we provide evidence that mRNA levels of PFKFB4 were upregulated in TC patients' thyroids and cell lines. Downregulation of PFKFB4 reduced TC cell viability and inhibited colony formation. In addition, the migration and invasion of TC cells were suppressed by PFKFB4 knockdown, suggesting that PFKFB4 is positively correlated with tumorigenesis of TC. Molecularly, knockdown of PFKFB4 significantly inhibited expression of GCN5 and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT. Moreover, the suppressive role of shPFKFB4 in TC cell growth was reversed by upregulation of GCN5. Finally, the in vivo experiment indicated that downregulation of PFKF4B suppressed tumor growth in xenografts TC model mice. In total, our results suggested that PFKFB4-mediated TC tumorigenesis by positively regulating GCN5 and PI3K/AKT signaling. These findings provide new research directions and therapeutic options considering PFKF4B as a novel diagnosis marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanquan Lu
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Zhijian You
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Chuping Xie
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Shichuan Huang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Xiarong Hu
- The First Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, China
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14
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Rationales for the Use of Cancer Stem Cells Markers in the Staging of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1659654. [PMID: 31341476 PMCID: PMC6613036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1659654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a standard procedure for the detection of thyroid nodules malignancy, yet 10-25% of the sample diagnosed may go undetermined or suspicious. The utility of cancer stem cell markers (CSCM) as a differential diagnosis molecular marker in nodules of suspicious decision in FNAB was hypothesized. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid fibroadenoma (TFA) samples were selected to test the hypothesis. The samples employed in this study were from patients who had thyroid hyperplasia and a suspicious or undetermined diagnosis by FNAB. The patient underwent a successful thyroidectomy at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad between January 2015 and December 2017. All nodule samples underwent a systematic histopathological examination after resection. Tumors diagnosed as PTC and those diagnosed as fibroadenoma (TFA) were selected for this study. Collectively 39 PTC and 11 TFA nodules were included. Quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine levels of mRNA and proteins of CSCM ALDH1A1, CD44, ABCG2, and Oct3/4 in both types of tumors were used. This study revealed that the expression levels of CSCM were significantly increased in PTC tissues when compared to benign tissues and the positive correlation was found between the CSCM expression levels and tumor stage, size, and gender. In conclusion, for a more precise diagnosis, we suggest these markers be included in what is currently available to characterize malignancy from what is not in thyroid cancer, as well as for the staging process of PTC.
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Manzella L, Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Martorana F, Motta G, Vitale SR, Puma A, Romano C, Di Gregorio S, Russo M, Malandrino P, Vigneri P. Activation of the IGF Axis in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Tumorigenesis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3258. [PMID: 31269742 PMCID: PMC6651760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is one of the best-established drivers of thyroid transformation, as thyroid cancer cells overexpress both IGF ligands and their receptors. Thyroid neoplasms encompass distinct clinical and biological entities as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC)-comprising papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) tumors-respond to radioiodine therapy, while undifferentiated tumors-including poorly-differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs)-are refractory to radioactive iodine and exhibit limited responses to chemotherapy. Thus, safe and effective treatments for the latter aggressive thyroid tumors are urgently needed. Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in thyroid cancer, the results of the available clinical studies have been disappointing, possibly because of the crosstalk between IGF signaling and other pathways that may result in resistance to targeted agents aimed against individual components of these complex signaling networks. Based on these observations, the combinations between IGF-signaling inhibitors and other anti-tumor drugs, such as DNA damaging agents or kinase inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. In this review, we discuss the role of the IGF axis in thyroid tumorigenesis and also provide an update on the current knowledge of IGF-targeted combination therapies for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Martorana
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, 95122, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, 95122, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
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16
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Metabolomic Alterations in Thyrospheres and Adherent Parental Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102948. [PMID: 30262749 PMCID: PMC6213810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is characterized by a heterogeneous group of cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), crucially involved in tumor initiation, progression and recurrence. CSCs appear to have a distinct metabolic phenotype, compared to non-stem cancer cells. How they adapt their metabolism to the cancer process is still unclear, and no data are yet available for PTC. We recently isolated thyrospheres, containing cancer stem-like cells, from B-CPAP and TPC-1 cell lines derived from PTC of the BRAF-like expression profile class, and stem-like cells from Nthy-ori3-1 normal thyreocyte-derived cell line. In the present study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomic profiles of cancer thyrospheres were compared to cancer parental adherent cells and to non cancer thyrospheres profiles. A statistically significant decrease of glycolytic pathway metabolites and variations in Krebs cycle metabolites was found in thyrospheres versus parental cells. Moreover, cancer stem-like cells showed statistically significant differences in Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cholesterol, and fatty acids content, compared to non-cancer stem-like cells. For the first time, data are reported on the metabolic profile of PTC cancer stem-like cells and confirm that changes in metabolic pathways can be explored as new biomarkers and targets for therapy in this tumor.
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Ząbczyńska M, Kozłowska K, Pocheć E. Glycosylation in the Thyroid Gland: Vital Aspects of Glycoprotein Function in Thyrocyte Physiology and Thyroid Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2792. [PMID: 30227620 PMCID: PMC6163523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The key proteins responsible for hormone synthesis in the thyroid are glycosylated. Oligosaccharides strongly affect the function of glycosylated proteins. Both thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary gland and TSH receptors on the surface of thyrocytes contain N-glycans, which are crucial to their proper activity. Thyroglobulin (Tg), the protein backbone for synthesis of thyroid hormones, is a heavily N-glycosylated protein, containing 20 putative N-glycosylated sites. N-oligosaccharides play a role in Tg transport into the follicular lumen, where thyroid hormones are produced, and into thyrocytes, where hyposialylated Tg is degraded. N-glycans of the cell membrane transporters sodium/iodide symporter and pendrin are necessary for iodide transport. Some changes in glycosylation result in abnormal activity of the thyroid and alteration of the metabolic clearance rate of hormones. Alteration of glycan structures is a pathological process related to the progression of chronic diseases such as thyroid cancers and autoimmunity. Thyroid carcinogenesis is accompanied by changes in sialylation and fucosylation, β1,6-branching of glycans, the content and structure of poly-LacNAc chains, as well as O-GlcNAcylation, while in thyroid autoimmunity the main processes affected are sialylation and fucosylation. The glycobiology of the thyroid gland is an intensively studied field of research, providing new data helpful in understanding the role of the sugar component in thyroid protein biology and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamila Kozłowska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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