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Dunivant TS, Singh V, Livingston KE, Ross JD, Hileman LC. CYCLOIDEA paralogs function partially redundantly to specify dorsal flower development in Mimulus lewisii. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16271. [PMID: 38265745 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Duplicated genes (paralogs) are abundant in plant genomes, and their retention may influence the function of genetic programs and contribute to evolutionary novelty. How gene duplication affects genetic modules and what forces contribute to paralog retention are outstanding questions. The CYCLOIDEA(CYC)-dependent flower symmetry program is a model for understanding the evolution of gene duplication, providing multiple examples of paralog partitioning and novelty. However, a novel CYC gene lineage duplication event near the origin of higher core Lamiales (HCL) has received little attention. METHODS To understand the evolutionary fate of duplicated HCL CYC2 genes, we determined the effects on flower symmetry by suppressing MlCYC2A and MlCYC2B expression using RNA interference (RNAi). We determined the phenotypic effects on flower symmetry in single- and double-silenced backgrounds and coupled our functional analyses with expression surveys of MlCYC2A, MlCYC2B, and a putative downstream RADIALIS (MlRAD5) ortholog. RESULTS MlCYC2A and MlCYC2B jointly contribute to bilateral flower symmetry. MlCYC2B exhibits a clear dorsal flower identity function and may additionally function in carpel development. MlCYC2A functions in establishing dorsal petal shape. Further, our results suggest an MlCYC2A-MlCYC2B regulatory interaction, which may affect pathway homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CYC paralogs specific to higher core Lamiales may be selectively retained for their joint contribution to bilateral flower symmetry, similar to the independently derived CYC paralogs in the Lamiales model for bilateral flower symmetry research, Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn S Dunivant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Vibhuti Singh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Kaylee E Livingston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Jack D Ross
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Lena C Hileman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Wang S, Wen B, Yang Y, Long S, Liu J, Li M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the RADIALIS-like Gene Family in Camellia sinensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3039. [PMID: 37687288 PMCID: PMC10490161 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The RADIALIS-like (RL) proteins are v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB)-related transcription factors (TFs), and are involved in many biological processes, including metabolism, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the studies on the RL genes of Camellia sinensis are not comprehensive enough. Therefore, we undertook this study and identified eight CsaRLs based on the typical conserved domain SANT Associated domain (SANT) of RL. These genes have low molecular weights and theoretical pI values ranging from 5.67 to 9.76. Gene structure analysis revealed that six CsaRL genes comprise two exons and one intron, while the other two contain a single exon encompassing motifs 1 and 2, and part of motif 3. The phylogenetic analysis divided one hundred and fifty-eight RL proteins into five primary classes, in which CsaRLs clustered in Group V and were homologous with CssRLs of the Shuchazao variety. In addition, we selected different tissue parts to analyze the expression profile of CsaRLs, and the results show that almost all genes displayed variable expression levels across tissues, with CsaRL1a relatively abundant in all tissues. qRT-PCR (real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of the CsaRL genes under various abiotic stimuli, and it was found that CsaRL1a expression levels were substantially higher than other genes, with abscisic acid (ABA) causing the highest expression. The self-activation assay with yeast two-hybrid system showed that CsaRL1a has no transcriptional activity. According to protein functional interaction networks, CsaRL1a was well connected with WIN1-like, lysine histidine transporter-1-like, β-amylase 3 chloroplastic-like, carbonic anhydrase-2-like (CA2), and carbonic anhydrase dnaJC76 (DJC76). This study adds to our understanding of the RL family and lays the groundwork for further research into the function and regulatory mechanisms of the CsaRLs gene family in Camellia sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
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Song J, Sun B, Chen C, Ning Z, Zhang S, Cai Y, Zheng X, Cao B, Chen G, Jin D, Li B, Bian J, Lei J, He H, Zhu Z. An R-R-type MYB transcription factor promotes non-climacteric pepper fruit carotenoid pigment biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:724-741. [PMID: 37095638 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are major accessory pigments in the chloroplast, and they also act as phytohormones and volatile compound precursors to influence plant development and confer characteristic colours, affecting both the aesthetic and nutritional value of fruits. Carotenoid pigmentation in ripening fruits is highly dependent on developmental trajectories. Transcription factors incorporate developmental and phytohormone signalling to regulate the biosynthesis process. By contrast to the well-established pathways regulating ripening-related carotenoid biosynthesis in climacteric fruit, carotenoid regulation in non-climacteric fruit is poorly understood. Capsanthin is the primary carotenoid of non-climacteric pepper (Capsicum) fruit; its biosynthesis is tightly associated with fruit ripening, and it confers red pigmentation to the ripening fruit. In the present study, using a coexpression analysis, we identified an R-R-type MYB transcription factor, DIVARICATA1, and demonstrated its role in capsanthin biosynthesis. DIVARICATA1 encodes a nucleus-localised protein that functions primarily as a transcriptional activator. Functional analyses showed that DIVARICATA1 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthetic gene (CBG) transcript levels and capsanthin levels by directly binding to and activating CBG promoter transcription. Furthermore, an association analysis revealed a significant positive association between DIVARICATA1 transcription level and capsanthin content. ABA promotes capsanthin biosynthesis in a DIVARICATA1-dependent manner. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of DIVARICATA1 in Solanaceae plants showed that its function likely differs among species. Moreover, the pepper DIVARICATA1 gene could be regulated by the ripening regulator MADS-RIN. The present study illustrates the transcriptional regulation of capsanthin biosynthesis and offers a target for breeding peppers with high red colour intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zuoyang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yutong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Jianxin Bian
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang He
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Zhangsheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of RR-Type MYB-Related Transcription Factors in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence have indicated that RR-type MYB-related transcription factors (TFs) are functionally diverse in regulating floral development, fruit development, leaf senescence, ABA response, and drought and salt responses. Several RR-type MYB-related TFs in Arabidopsis, Antirrhinum and rice are identified and characterized. However, the complete RR-type MYB-related family in tomato has not been studied to date. Here, a genome-wide identification of tomato RR-type MYB-related TFs (SlMYBR) was performed by bioinformatics analysis, and their expression patterns were analyzed. A total of thirteen SlMYBR genes, which were mainly distributed in the head or tail of the chromosome, were identified from tomato and were divided into three groups. Group II was all MYBR genes from eudicots without genes from monocots. For Group I and Group III, the phylogenetic tree was in accord with the evolutionary relationship of these species. SlMYBR proteins were unstable proteins and located in the nucleus. The promoters of SlMYBR contained multiple important cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress or hormone responses. SlMYBR genes had various temporal and spatial expression patterns. Experiments of spraying exogenous hormone demonstrated that the expression of most genes containing hormone response elements was changed, indicating that the expression patterns were associated with the amount of cis-acting elements. The comprehensive investigation of tomato SlMYBR genes in the present study helps to clearly understand the evolution of RR-type MYB-related TFs and provides a useful reference for the further functional study of SlMYBR genes in tomato.
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Sengupta A, Hileman LC. A CYC-RAD-DIV-DRIF interaction likely pre-dates the origin of floral monosymmetry in Lamiales. EvoDevo 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 35093179 PMCID: PMC8801154 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An outstanding question in evolutionary biology is how genetic interactions defining novel traits evolve. They may evolve either by de novo assembly of previously non-interacting genes or by en bloc co-option of interactions from other functions. We tested these hypotheses in the context of a novel phenotype-Lamiales flower monosymmetry-defined by a developmental program that relies on regulatory interaction among CYCLOIDEA, RADIALIS, DIVARICATA, and DRIF gene products. In Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), representing Lamiales, we tested whether components of this program likely function beyond their previously known role in petal and stamen development. In Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), representing Solanales which diverged from Lamiales before the origin of Lamiales floral monosymmetry, we additionally tested for regulatory interactions in this program. RESULTS We found that RADIALIS, DIVARICATA, and DRIF are expressed in snapdragon ovaries and developing fruit, similar to their homologs during tomato fruit development. In addition, we found that a tomato CYCLOIDEA ortholog positively regulates a tomato RADIALIS ortholog. CONCLUSION Our results provide preliminary support to the hypothesis that the developmental program defining floral monosymmetry in Lamiales was co-opted en bloc from a function in carpel development. This expands our understanding of novel trait evolution facilitated by co-option of existing regulatory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Sengupta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Room 257, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Lena C Hileman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Ramage E, Soza VL, Yi J, Deal H, Chudgar V, Hall BD, Di Stilio VS. Gene Duplication and Differential Expression of Flower Symmetry Genes in Rhododendron (Ericaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1994. [PMID: 34685803 PMCID: PMC8541606 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bilaterally symmetric flowers have evolved over a hundred times in angiosperms, yet orthologs of the transcription factors CYCLOIDEA (CYC), RADIALIS (RAD), and DIVARICATA (DIV) are repeatedly implicated in floral symmetry changes. We examined these candidate genes to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of floral symmetry changes in florally diverse Rhododendron, reconstructing gene trees and comparing gene expression across floral organs in representative species with radial and bilateral flower symmetries. Radially symmetric R. taxifolium Merr. and bilaterally symmetric R. beyerinckianum Koord. had four and five CYC orthologs, respectively, from shared tandem duplications. CYC orthologs were expressed in the longer dorsal petals and stamens and highly expressed in R. beyerinckianum pistils, whereas they were either ubiquitously expressed, lost from the genome, or weakly expressed in R. taxifolium. Both species had two RAD and DIV orthologs uniformly expressed across all floral organs. Differences in gene structure and expression of Rhododendron RAD compared to other asterids suggest that these genes may not be regulated by CYC orthologs. Our evidence supports CYC orthologs as the primary regulators of differential organ growth in Rhododendron flowers, while also suggesting certain deviations from the typical asterid gene regulatory network for flower symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ramage
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
| | - Valerie L. Soza
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
| | - Jing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Haley Deal
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
| | - Vaidehi Chudgar
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
| | - Benjamin D. Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
| | - Verónica S. Di Stilio
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.R.); (H.D.); (V.C.); (B.D.H.); (V.S.D.S.)
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Thakur V, Bains S, Pathania S, Sharma S, Kaur R, Singh K. Comparative transcriptomics reveals candidate transcription factors involved in costunolide biosynthesis in medicinal plant-Saussurea lappa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Radial or Bilateral? The Molecular Basis of Floral Symmetry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040395. [PMID: 32268578 PMCID: PMC7230197 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the plant kingdom, the flower is one of the most relevant evolutionary novelties. Floral symmetry has evolved multiple times from the ancestral condition of radial to bilateral symmetry. During evolution, several transcription factors have been recruited by the different developmental pathways in relation to the increase of plant complexity. The MYB proteins are among the most ancient plant transcription factor families and are implicated in different metabolic and developmental processes. In the model plant Antirrhinum majus, three MYB transcription factors (DIVARICATA, DRIF, and RADIALIS) have a pivotal function in the establishment of floral dorsoventral asymmetry. Here, we present an updated report of the role of the DIV, DRIF, and RAD transcription factors in both eudicots and monocots, pointing out their functional changes during plant evolution. In addition, we discuss the molecular models of the establishment of flower symmetry in different flowering plants.
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Raimundo J, Sobral R, Laranjeira S, Costa MMR. Successive Domain Rearrangements Underlie the Evolution of a Regulatory Module Controlled by a Small Interfering Peptide. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:2873-2885. [PMID: 30203071 PMCID: PMC6278869 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of new interactions between transcriptional regulators increases the regulatory diversity that drives phenotypic novelty. To understand how such interactions evolve, we have studied a regulatory module (DDR) composed by three MYB-like proteins: DIVARICATA (DIV), RADIALIS (RAD), and DIV-and-RAD-Interacting Factor (DRIF). The DIV and DRIF proteins form a transcriptional complex that is disrupted in the presence of RAD, a small interfering peptide, due to the formation of RAD–DRIF dimers. This dynamic interaction result in a molecular switch mechanism responsible for the control of distinct developmental processes in plants. Here, we have determined how the DDR regulatory module was established by analyzing the origin and evolution of the DIV, DRIF, and RAD protein families and the evolutionary history of their interactions. We show that duplications of a pre-existing MYB domain originated the DIV and DRIF protein families in the ancestral lineage of green algae, and, later, the RAD family in seed plants. Intraspecies interactions between the MYB domains of DIV and DRIF proteins are detected in green algae, whereas the earliest evidence of an interaction between DRIF and RAD proteins occurs in the gymnosperms, coincident with the establishment of the RAD family. Therefore, the DDR module evolved in a stepwise progression with the DIV–DRIF transcription complex evolving prior to the antagonistic RAD–DRIF interaction that established the molecular switch mechanism. Our results suggest that the successive rearrangement and divergence of a single protein domain can be an effective evolutionary mechanism driving new protein interactions and the establishment of novel regulatory modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Raimundo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Rómulo Sobral
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Laranjeira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela R Costa
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Manrique S, Friel J, Gramazio P, Hasing T, Ezquer I, Bombarely A. Genetic insights into the modification of the pre-fertilization mechanisms during plant domestication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3007-3019. [PMID: 31152173 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant domestication is the process of adapting plants to human use by selecting specific traits. The selection process often involves the modification of some components of the plant reproductive mechanisms. Allelic variants of genes associated with flowering time, vernalization, and the circadian clock are responsible for the adaptation of crops, such as rice, maize, barley, wheat, and tomato, to non-native latitudes. Modifications in the plant architecture and branching have been selected for higher yields and easier harvests. These phenotypes are often produced by alterations in the regulation of the transition of shoot apical meristems to inflorescences, and then to floral meristems. Floral homeotic mutants are responsible for popular double-flower phenotypes in Japanese cherries, roses, camellias, and lilies. The rise of peloric flowers in ornamentals such as snapdragon and florists' gloxinia is associated with non-functional alleles that control the relative expansion of lateral and ventral petals. Mechanisms to force outcrossing such as self-incompatibility have been removed in some tree crops cultivars such as almonds and peaches. In this review, we revisit some of these important concepts from the plant domestication perspective, focusing on four topics related to the pre-fertilization mechanisms: flowering time, inflorescence architecture, flower development, and pre-fertilization self-incompatibility mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manrique
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Friel
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBioscience Research Center (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomas Hasing
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Madrigal Y, Alzate JF, González F, Pabón-Mora N. Evolution of RADIALIS and DIVARICATA gene lineages in flowering plants with an expanded sampling in non-core eudicots. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:334-351. [PMID: 30845367 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Bilateral symmetry in core eudicot flowers is established by the differential expression of CYCLOIDEA (CYC), DICHOTOMA (DICH), and RADIALIS (RAD), which are restricted to the dorsal portion of the flower, and DIVARICATA (DIV), restricted to the ventral and lateral petals. Little is known regarding the evolution of these gene lineages in non-core eudicots, and there are no reports on gene expression that can be used to assess whether the network predates the diversification of core eudicots. METHODS Homologs of the RAD and DIV lineages were isolated from available genomes and transcriptomes, including those of three selected non-core eudicot species, the magnoliid Aristolochia fimbriata and the monocots Cattleya trianae and Hypoxis decumbens. Phylogenetic analyses for each gene lineage were performed. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression and putative contribution to floral symmetry in dissected floral organs of the selected species. KEY RESULTS RAD-like genes have undergone at least two duplication events before eudicot diversification, three before monocots and at least four in Orchidaceae. DIV-like genes also duplicated twice before eudicot diversification and underwent independent duplications specific to Orchidaceae. RAD-like and DIV-like genes have differential dorsiventral expression only in C. trianae, which contrasts with the homogeneous expression in the perianth of A. fimbriata. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to a common genetic regulatory network for floral symmetry in monocots and core eudicots, while alternative genetic mechanisms are likely driving the bilateral perianth symmetry in the early-diverging angiosperm Aristolochia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Madrigal
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Cl. 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica, SIU, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, AA. 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Pabón-Mora
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Cl. 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
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Fang Q, Wang Q, Mao H, Xu J, Wang Y, Hu H, He S, Tu J, Cheng C, Tian G, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang C, Luo K. AtDIV2, an R-R-type MYB transcription factor of Arabidopsis, negatively regulates salt stress by modulating ABA signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1499-1511. [PMID: 30014159 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AtDIV2 integrates ABA signaling to negatively regulate salt stress in Arabidopsis. AmDIV (DIVARICATA) is a functional MYB transcription factor (TF) that regulates ventral identity during floral development in Antirrhinum. There are six members of DIV homologs in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of these proteins are largely unknown. Here, we characterized an R-R-type MYB TF AtDIV2, which is involved in salt stress responses and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Although universally expressed in tissues, the nuclear-localized AtDIV2 appeared not to be involved in seedling development processes. However, upon exposure to salt stress and exogenous ABA, the transcripts of AtDIV2 are markedly increased in wild-type (Wt) plants. The loss-of-function mutant div2 displayed much more tolerance to salt stress, and several salt-responsive genes were up-regulated. In addition, the div2 mutant showed higher sensitivity to ABA during seed germination. And the germination variance between the Wt and div2 mutant cannot be rectified by treatment with both ABA and sodium tungstate at the same time. ELISA results showed that the endogenous ABA content in the div2 mutant is clearly increased than that in Wt plants. Furthermore, the transcriptional expressions of several ABA-related genes, including ABA1 and ABI3, were elevated. Taken together, our results suggest that the R-R-type MYB TF AtDIV2 plays negative roles in salt stress and is required for ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Shuai He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Junchu Tu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Guozheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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