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Wagner M, Sobczyński M, Wiśniewski A, Matusiak Ł, Kuśnierczyk P, Jasek M. Polymorphisms in the CD6-ALCAM axis may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110797. [PMID: 38580538 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The fact that CD6, along with its ligand - ALCAM, plays a role in regulating T cell activation makes the genes encoding these molecules promising candidates for research in T cell-mediated diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris (PsV). Our study aimed to determine whether CD6 (rs17824933C>G, rs11230563C>T and rs12360861G>A) and ALCAM (rs6437585C>T, rs11559013G>A) polymorphisms may affect psoriasis susceptibility and severity (assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)). Moreover, the presence of HLA-C*06:02, the strongest psoriasis risk factor in the Caucasian population, was also investigated. 273 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris and 256 blood donors with no history of PsV or other dermatoses were included in this study. Genotyping of the investigated polymorphisms was carried out using the allelic discrimination method with the application of TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. We observed the association of rs17824933G allele with a higher psoriasis risk in HLA-C*06:02(+) individuals (CG + GG vs CC, OR = 1.87, CI95% = 1.03; 3.37, p = 0.0350). Furthermore, we found a difference in average PASI score among groups of patients divided according to the number of CD6 and ALCAM polymorphic sites with minor alleles (F2,173 = 6.159, p = 0.0026). Collectively, our findings suggest that polymorphisms of CD6-ALCAM axis genes may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wagner
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Maciej Sobczyński
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Monika Jasek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Purzycka-Bohdan D, Nedoszytko B, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Zabłotna M, Żmijewski MA, Wierzbicka J, Gleń J, Strapagiel D, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Nowicki RJ. Assessment of the Potential Role of Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Genes Related to the Functioning of Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076061. [PMID: 37047033 PMCID: PMC10094301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a key role of the impaired suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in psoriasis (PsO) pathogenesis. However, the genetic background of Treg dysfunctions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PsO development with selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in which protein products play a significant role in the regulation of differentiation and function of Tregs. There were three study groups in our research and each consisted of different unrelated patients and controls: 192 PsO patients and 5605 healthy volunteers in the microarray genotyping group, 150 PsO patients and 173 controls in the ARMS-PCR method group, and 6 PsO patients and 6 healthy volunteers in the expression analysis group. The DNA microarrays analysis (283 SNPs of 57 genes) and ARMS-PCR method (8 SNPs in 7 genes) were used to determine the frequency of occurrence of SNPs in selected genes. The mRNA expression of selected genes was determined in skin samples. There were statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies of four SNPs in three genes (TNF, IL12RB2, and IL12B) between early-onset PsO patients and controls. The lowest p-value was observed for rs3093662 (TNF), and the G allele carriers had a 2.73 times higher risk of developing early-onset PsO. Moreover, the study revealed significant differences in the frequency of SNPs and their influence on PsO development between early- and late-onset PsO. Based on the ARMS-PCR method, the association between some polymorphisms of four genes (IL4, IL10, TGFB1, and STAT3) and the risk of developing PsO was noticed. Psoriatic lesions were characterized with a lower mRNA expression of FOXP3, CTLA4, and IL2, and a higher expression of TNF and IL1A in comparison with unaffected skin. In conclusion, the genetic background associated with properly functioning Tregs seems to play a significant role in PsO pathogenesis and could have diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zabłotna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Ko M, Oh JM, Kim IW. Drug repositioning prediction for psoriasis using the adverse event reporting database. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1159453. [PMID: 37035327 PMCID: PMC10076533 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1159453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inverse signals produced from disproportional analyses using spontaneous drug adverse event reports can be used for drug repositioning purposes. The purpose of this study is to predict drug candidates using a computational method that integrates reported drug adverse event data, disease-specific gene expression profiles, and drug-induced gene expression profiles. Methods Drug and adverse events from 2015 through 2020 were downloaded from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The reporting odds ratio (ROR), information component (IC) and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) were used to calculate the inverse signals. Psoriasis was selected as the target disease. Disease specific gene expression profiles were obtained by the meta-analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The reverse gene expression scores were calculated using the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) and their correlations with the inverse signals were obtained. Results Reversal genes and the candidate compounds were identified. Additionally, these correlations were validated using the relationship between the reverse gene expression scores and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values from the Chemical European Molecular Biology Laboratory (ChEMBL). Conclusion Inverse signals produced from a disproportional analysis can be used for drug repositioning and to predict drug candidates against psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoh Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wha Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Wha Kim,
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Li T, Wang K, Huang X, Shi J, Wang Y. Mechanisms and inhibitors of ferroptosis in psoriasis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1019447. [PMID: 36188212 PMCID: PMC9520612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1019447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that features localized or widespread erythema, papules, and scaling. It is common worldwide and may be distributed throughout the whole body. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is quite complex and the result of the interplay of genetic, environmental and immune factors. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed death that is different from cell senescence, apoptosis, pyroptosis and other forms of cell death. Ferroptosis involves three core metabolites, iron, lipids, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it is primarily driven by lipid peroxidation. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) is an effective inhibitor of lipid peroxidation that inhibited the changes related to ferroptosis in erastin-treated keratinocytes and blocked inflammatory responses. Therefore, it has a certain effect on the treatment of psoriatic lesions. Although ferroptosis is closely associated with a variety of human diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, no review has focused on ferroptosis in psoriasis. This mini review primarily focused on the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the mechanisms of ferroptosis, the connection between ferroptosis and psoriasis and ferroptosis inhibitors in psoriasis treatment. We discussed recent research advances and perspectives on the relationship between ferroptosis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Jingfen Shi, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Jingfen Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Jingfen Shi, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Jingfen Shi, ; Yi Wang,
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Richardson BN, Lin J, Buchwald ZS, Bai J. Skin Microbiome and Treatment-Related Skin Toxicities in Patients With Cancer: A Mini-Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924849. [PMID: 35912217 PMCID: PMC9334917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin hosts millions of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses. These skin microbes play a crucial role in human immunological and physiological functions, as well as the development of skin diseases, including cancer when the balance between skin commensals and pathogens is interrupted. Due to the linkages between inflammation processes and skin microbes, and viral links to skin cancer, new theories have supported the role a dysbiotic skin microbiome plays in the development of cancer and cancer treatment-related skin toxicities. This review focuses on the skin microbiome and its role in cancer treatment-related skin toxicities, particularly from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. The current literature found changes in the diversity and abundance of the skin microbiome during cancer treatments such as radiation therapy, including lower diversity of the skin microbiome, an increased Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio, and a higher abundance of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. These changes may be associated with the development and severity of treatment-related skin toxicities, such as acute radiation dermatitis, hand-foot syndrome in chemotherapy, and immunotherapy-induced rash. Several clinical guidelines have issued potential interventions (e.g., use of topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and non-pharmaceutical skin care products) to prevent and treat skin toxicities. The effectiveness of these promising interventions in alleviating treatment-related skin toxicities should be further tested among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolinta Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zachary S. Buchwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jinbing Bai,
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Kocaaga A, Kocaaga M. Psoriasis: An Immunogenetic Perspective. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:82-89. [PMID: 35707771 PMCID: PMC9192173 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an erythematous-squamous dermatosis with a polygenic inheritance history. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the etiology of the disease. Over the past two decades, numerous linkage analyzes and genome-wide association studies have been conducted to investigate the role of genetic variation in disease pathogenesis and progression. To date, >70 psoriasis susceptibility loci have been identified, including HLA-Cw6, IL12B, IL23R, and LCE3B/3C. Some genetic markers are used in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and personalized new drug development that can further explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review summarizes the immunological mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and recent advances in susceptibility genes and highlights new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Repurposing approved therapeutics for new indication: Addressing unmet needs in psoriasis treatment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100041. [PMID: 34909670 PMCID: PMC8663928 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition manifested by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes with buildup of inflammatory red patches and scales on skin surfaces. The available treatment options for the management of psoriasis have various drawbacks, and the clinical need for effective therapeutics for this disease remain unmet; therefore, the approaches of drug repurposing or drug repositioning could potentially be used for treating indications of psoriasis. The undiscovered potential of drug repurposing or repositioning compensates for the limitations and hurdles in drug discovery and drug development processes. Drugs initially approved for other indications, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-arthritic activities, are being investigated for their potential in psoriasis management as a new therapeutic indication by using repurposing strategies. This article envisages the potential of various therapeutics for the management of psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder with complex physiology. Conventional treatments for psoriasis cause severe adverse effects; therefore an unmet need remains for safer and more effective therapies for psoriasis. Various drugs that effectively decrease the inflammation and proliferation of skin cells can be repurposed for the management of psoriasis. Repurposed drugs provide various incentives to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Shobeiri SS, Khorrami M, Sankian M. Plaque-type psoriasis inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108326. [PMID: 34782274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disorder, which is mediated by the immune system and affects 1-4% of the world's population. Psoriasis is caused by a complex interaction between the immune system, autoantigens, psoriasis-associated genetic factors, and various environmental factors. As a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment, psoriasis is associated with follow-up costs and an economic burden on the patients, their families, and healthcare systems. The current treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis include topical therapy, phototherapy, and systemic drugs consisting of biological/non-biological drugs. Within the past two decades, recent biological therapies for psoriasis have rapidly advanced. Moreover, new bispecific agents have the potential for better disease control, while small molecule drugs offer a future alternative to biological drugs and the more cost-effective, long-term treatment of the disease. The present study aimed to review updated data regarding the inhibitors used to improve plaque psoriasis that contain biologics, bispecific agents, small molecules, and aptamers (either approved or in the research phase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Motahareh Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Suzuki IL, de Araujo MM, Bagnato VS, Bentley MVLB. TNFα siRNA delivery by nanoparticles and photochemical internalization for psoriasis topical therapy. J Control Release 2021; 338:316-329. [PMID: 34437914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that presents increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine. The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA), made it possible for the expression of some genes to be eliminated. However, for its application, it is necessary to use carriers that can protect siRNA and release it in the target cells. Herein, we developed a delivery system for siRNA based on hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticles (PLNs) and combined this system with photochemical internalization (PCI), photoactivating the photosensitizer TPPS2a, to optimize the endosomal escape of TNFα siRNA in the cytoplasm, aiming to use the system as a topical formulation to treat psoriasis. The PLNs composed of 2.0% of Compritol® 888 ATO (lipid), 1.5% of poloxamer 188 and 0.1% of the cationic polymer poly(allylamine hydrochloride) showed an average nanoparticle size of 142 nm, a zeta potential of +25 mV, and the ability to efficiently coencapsulate TPPS2a and complexed siRNA. In addition, these materials did not present cellular toxicity and showed high cellular uptake. In vitro delivery studies using porcine skin model revealed that the PLNs delivered siRNA and TPPS2a into the skin. The efficacy was verified using an in vivo psoriasis animal (hairless mouse) model induced by imiquimod (IMQ) cream. The results revealed that PLN-TPPS2a-TNFα siRNA combined with PCI resulted in a decrease in the levels of TNFα, showing the efficiency of the treatment to silence this cytokine in psoriatic lesions, which was accompanied by a reduction in the redness and scaling of the mouse skin. The results showed the potential of the developed PLNs in combined silencing gene therapy and PCI for topical treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Luiz Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Margarete Moreno de Araujo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Maria Vitoria Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Duarte D, Vale N. Combining repurposed drugs to treat colorectal cancer. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:165-184. [PMID: 34592446 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The drug development process, especially of antineoplastic agents, has become increasingly costly and ineffective. Drug repurposing and drug combination are alternatives to de novo drug development, being low cost, rapid, and easy to apply. These strategies allow higher efficacy, decreased toxicity, and overcoming of drug resistance. The combination of antineoplastic agents is already being applied in cancer therapy, but the combination of repurposed drugs is still under-explored in pre- and clinical development. In this review, we provide a set of pharmacological concepts focusing on drug repurposing for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and that are relevant for the application of new drug combinations against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Duarte
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Omar NS, Long X, Xian J, Afewerky HK, Hussain SG, Peng X. Serum interleukin-30 level in patients with psoriasis and its correlation with psoriasis severity: a case-control study. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211004039. [PMID: 33900870 PMCID: PMC8753790 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-30 in patients with psoriasis and evaluate the correlations with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). METHODS Serum was collected from 26 patients with psoriasis and 26 healthy controls in a case-control setting, and the level of IL-30 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis of the IL-30 levels among groups and further correlation analyses of IL-30 levels with PASI scores were performed. RESULTS A significant increase in the level of IL-30 in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls was observed. In addition, a positive correlation between the IL-30 concentration and PASI scores was found in patients with psoriasis. CONCLUSION IL-30 is presumably involved in the proliferation of epidermal cells during the development of psoriasis. Further studies with a larger number of participants are required to comprehensively elucidate the biological roles of IL-30 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergez Sabah Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Long
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Xian
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xuebiao Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic incurable disease, and patients develop associated diseases such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure) in men with psoriasis, and the relationship between the duration of psoriasis and the occurrence of comorbidities. METHODS A prospective study was conducted and included 88 male subjects, mean age 52,70 (SD=± 14,05) years, mean psoriasis duration 15,13 (SD=±12,43) years. RESULTS The incidence of obesity was 30,68%, high blood pressure 29,55%, dyslipidemia 22,73%, diabetes 13,64%. There was a weak correlation between the duration of psoriasis and the occurrence of obesity (r=0,11), dyslipidemia (r=0,18), diabetes (r=0,01), and high blood pressure (r=-0,02). CONCLUSION Comorbidities occur in men with psoriasis, and their occurrence is not related to the duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadat Kurtalic
- Cantonal Hospital “Irfan Ljubijankic“ Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esed Omerkic
- Health Center Zivinice, Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Dinić J, Efferth T, García-Sosa AT, Grahovac J, Padrón JM, Pajeva I, Rizzolio F, Saponara S, Spengler G, Tsakovska I. Repurposing old drugs to fight multidrug resistant cancers. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100713. [PMID: 32615525 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance represents a major challenge for cancer treatment. In the search for new chemotherapeutics to treat malignant diseases, drug repurposing gained a tremendous interest during the past years. Repositioning candidates have often emerged through several stages of clinical drug development, and may even be marketed, thus attracting the attention and interest of pharmaceutical companies as well as regulatory agencies. Typically, drug repositioning has been serendipitous, using undesired side effects of small molecule drugs to exploit new disease indications. As bioinformatics gain increasing popularity as an integral component of drug discovery, more rational approaches are needed. Herein, we show some practical examples of in silico approaches such as pharmacophore modelling, as well as pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening for a fast and cost-effective repurposing of small molecule drugs against multidrug resistant cancers. We provide a timely and comprehensive overview of compounds with considerable potential to be repositioned for cancer therapeutics. These drugs are from diverse chemotherapeutic classes. We emphasize the scope and limitations of anthelmintics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, antihypertensives, psychopharmaceuticals and antidiabetics that have shown extensive immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antimetastatic potential. These drugs, either used alone or in combination with existing anticancer chemotherapeutics, represent strong candidates to prevent or overcome drug resistance. We particularly focus on outcomes and future perspectives of drug repositioning for the treatment of multidrug resistant tumors and discuss current possibilities and limitations of preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Grahovac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38071 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 301724 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Hungary
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Campanati A, Diotallevi F, Martina E, Paolinelli M, Radi G, Offidani A. Safety update of etanercept treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:439-448. [PMID: 32178543 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1740204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Conventional topical therapies and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for patients with psoriasis are often linked to inadequate outcomes and risk of multiple adverse effects. Biologic agents such as etanercept (ETN) have revolutionized the therapeutic management of psoriasis, allowing the treatment of most difficult cases, and fragile patients.Areas covered: The authors searched PubMed using the term 'psoriasis,' 'etanercept,' and 'safety.' Articles considered by the authors to be most relevant, such as randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, and review articles placing emphasis on studies of efficacy and safety were selected. Case reports and letters relating to safety were also included. The main sources of data referenced by these articles were also included in the review. Besides, to get the relevant studies, the reference lists were examined to identify the potentially available studies. The aim of this review is to describe the safety profile of ETN, used for psoriasis treatment, focusing on related clinical implications.Expert opinion: ETN has a favorable safety profile, and its use should be largely considered in psoriatic patients. Caution should be recommended in case of chronic heart failure, autoimmune disease, previous malignancies, familial history of demyelinating diseases, latent TBC infection, chronic HBV and HCV infection or HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Campanati
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Diotallevi
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martina
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Paolinelli
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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15
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Viegas JSR, Praça FG, Caron AL, Suzuki I, Silvestrini AVP, Medina WSG, Del Ciampo JO, Kravicz M, Bentley MVLB. Nanostructured lipid carrier co-delivering tacrolimus and TNF-α siRNA as an innovate approach to psoriasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:646-660. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Ellis SR, Nguyen M, Vaughn AR, Notay M, Burney WA, Sandhu S, Sivamani RK. The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110550. [PMID: 31717915 PMCID: PMC6920876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabit various areas of the body, including the gut and skin, and are important in maintaining homeostasis. Changes to the normal microflora due to genetic or environmental factors can contribute to the development of various disease states. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between the gut and skin microbiome and various dermatological diseases including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we will discuss the impact of treatment on the microbiome and the role of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Ellis
- PotozkinMD Skincare Center, Danville, CA 94526, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Mimi Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexandra R. Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Manisha Notay
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
| | - Waqas A. Burney
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Simran Sandhu
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; (A.R.V.); (M.N.); (W.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Le ST, Merleev AA, Luxardi G, Shimoda M, Adamopoulos IE, Tsoi LC, Wang JZ, Alexanian C, Raychaudhuri SP, Hwang ST, Gudjonsson J, Marusina AI, Maverakis E. 2D Visualization of the Psoriasis Transcriptome Fails to Support the Existence of Dual-Secreting IL-17A/IL-22 Th17 T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 31019502 PMCID: PMC6458264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paradigm of psoriasis pathogenesis revolves around the IL-23/IL-17A axis. Dual-secreting Th17 T cells presumably are the predominant sources of the psoriasis phenotype-driving cytokines, IL-17A and IL-22. We thus conducted a meta-analysis of independently acquired RNA-seq psoriasis datasets to explore the relationship between the expression of IL17A and IL22. This analysis failed to support the existence of dual secreting IL-17A/IL-22 Th17 cells as a major source of these cytokines. However, variable relationships amongst the expression of psoriasis susceptibility genes and of IL17A, IL22, and IL23A were identified. Additionally, to shed light on gene expression relationships in psoriasis, we applied a machine learning nonlinear dimensionality reduction strategy (t-SNE) to display the entire psoriasis transcriptome as a 2-dimensonal image. This analysis revealed a variety of gene clusters, relevant to psoriasis pathophysiology but failed to support a relationship between IL17A and IL22. These results support existing theories on alternative sources of IL-17A and IL-22 in psoriasis such as a Th22 cells and non-T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T. Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Alexander A. Merleev
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Iannis E. Adamopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jenny Z. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Claire Alexanian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Siba P. Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Sacramento Medical Center, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Samuel T. Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Johann Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alina I. Marusina
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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18
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He X, Chen X, Zhang H, Xie T, Ye XY. Selective Tyk2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents: a patent review (2015-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:137-149. [PMID: 30621465 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1567713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) is a non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene. Tyk2, together with three other family subtypes, namely, Jak1, Jak2, and Jak3, belong to the JAK family. Before 2014, far more publications and patents appeared in public domain attributing to the development of selective Jak2 and Jak3 inhibitors than those for selective Tyk2 and Jak1 inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This review sought to give an overview of patents related to small molecule selective Tyk2 inhibitors published from 2015 to 2018. The article also covers clinical activities of small molecule selective Tyk2 inhibitors in recent years. EXPERT OPINION As a key component of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Tyk2 regulates INFα, IL12, and IL23. Selective inhibition of Tyk2 can provide pharmacological benefits in the treatment of many diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, and diabetes. The selectivity against other Jak family subtypes (such as Jak2) is crucial in order to minimize the potential side effects and to maximize the desired pharmacological effects. In this context, this review of recent selective Tyk2 inhibitor patents may prove valid, interesting, and promising within the therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui He
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Hancheng Zhang
- d Drug Discovery , Hangzhou Innogate Pharma Co., Ltd , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Tian Xie
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
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19
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Zotti T, Polvere I, Voccola S, Vito P, Stilo R. CARD14/CARMA2 Signaling and its Role in Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2167. [PMID: 30319628 PMCID: PMC6168666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CARMA proteins represent a family of scaffold molecules which play several crucial biological functions, including regulation of immune response and inflammation, tissue homeostasis, and modulation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling. Among the CARMA proteins, CARD14/CARMA2 and its alternatively spliced isoforms are specifically expressed in epithelial cells and keratinocytes. Recent evidences have shown that CARD14/CARMA2 mediates induction of inflammatory response in keratinocytes, and that mutations in CARD14/CARMA2 gene segregate with familial transmission of chronic inflammatory disorders of the human skin. Similarly to CARD11/CARMA1 and CARD10/CARMA3, CARD14/CARMA2 signaling occurs trough formation of a trimeric complex which includes BCL10 and MALT1 proteins. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to the CBM complex components, a number of accessory molecules are able to finely modulate the signals conveyed on and amplified by CARD14/CARMA2. The study of these molecules is important both to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of CARMA2 in keratinocytes and because they represent potential therapeutic targets for the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the human skin. In this review, we provide an overview on the molecular mechanisms mediating CARD14/CARMA2 signaling and its implication in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Zotti
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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