Femtograms of Interferon-γ Suffice to Modulate the Behavior of Jurkat Cells: A New Light in Immunomodulation

CellShip: An Ambient Temperature Transport and Short-Term Storage Medium for Mammalian Cell Cultures

Cell culture is a critical platform for numerous research and industrial processes. However, methods for transporting cells are largely limited to cryopreservation, which is logistically challenging, requires the use of potentially cytotoxic cryopreservatives, and can result in poor cell recovery. Development of a transport media that can be used at ambient temperatures would alleviate these issues. In this study, we describe a novel transportation medium for mammalian cells. Five commonly used cell lines, (HEK293, CHO, HepG2, K562, and Jurkat) were successfully shipped and stored for a minimum of 72 hours and up to 96 hours at ambient temperature, after which, cells were recovered into standard culture conditions. Viability (%) and cell numbers, were examined, before, following the transport/storage period and following the recovery period. In all experiments, cell numbers returned to pretransport/storage concentration within 24-48 hours recovery. Imaging data indicated that HepG2 cells were fully adherent and had established typical growth morphology following 48 hours recovery, which was not seen in cells recovered from cryopreservation. Following recovery, Jurkat cells that had been subjected to a 96 hours transport/storage period, demonstrated a 1.93-fold increase compared with the starting cell number with >95% cell viability. We conclude that CellShip® may represent a viable method for the transportation of mammalian cells for multiple downstream applications in the Life Sciences research sector.

miRNA-15/IL-10Rα axis promotes Kabasura Kudineer (Indian traditional Siddha formulation) induced immunomodulation by suppressing oxidative stress

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Kabasura Kudineer (KK), the traditional Indian medicine of Siddha, effectively manages common respiratory symptoms such as flu, cold, and fever. However, there is no evidence of the immunomodulatory capacity of KK in the cultured Jurkat T-lymphocytes under the LPS insult studied.

AIM OF THE STUDY

Assess the effect of the traditional Indian medicine of Siddha, Kabasura Kudineer (KK) on immunomodulation by suppressing oxidative damage in cultured Jurkat T cells in vitro. The miRNA activity on anti-inflammatory gene receptors and cellular nitric oxide levels also was studied.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Jurkat T cells were exposed to LPS treatment in the presence or absence of KK. Cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) were measured with MTT and Griess assay. Cellular antioxidant systems (glutathione and SOD) were determined using glutathione and SOD assay. Lipid peroxidation was measured using an MDA assay. MiRNA-15a-5p expression was performed using microRNA qPCR Assays. Both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1, IL-10, IL-13) were performed using a qPCR and ELISA assay.

RESULTS

The data showed that reduced cell proliferation and exaggerated NO production was observed in LPS treated condition compared to the control condition. Further, LPS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and glutathione) in cultured Jurkat T cells. However, treatment with KK or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; antioxidant) treatment mitigates the above effect. Mechanistically, LPS-induced oxidative stress upregulated miR- 15-5p expression and suppressed IL-10 Receptor alpha (IL-10Rα) by binding to its 3'-UTR region. The deregulated expression of IL-10Rα expression leads to increased IL-6 and IL-1β expression in LPS-induced Jurkat T cells; however, treatment with KK or NAC reversed the above effects.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, our study revealed the previously undefined mechanistic role of Kabasura Kudineer (KK) that alleviates the LPS-induced oxidative damage associated with inflammation by inhibiting the miRNA-15-5p/IL-10Rα axis.

Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease

Inflammation is a key mechanism for the clearance of infective agents and other inflammatory triggers and is pivotal for the repairing processes of the affected tissues. Inflammation is a multistep process driven by a great number of mediators which regulate specific aspects of the inflammatory response, in agreement with a well-defined chronobiological program. A great number of inflammation-related diseases show a deeply altered immune chronobiology (e.g., COVID-19-related cytokines storm). This aspect highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the inflammatory phenomenon. It is fundamental to study inflammation as a multilevel phenomenon. Of particular interest is the low-grade chronic inflammation, which is an etiological factor of many chronic diseases. Nowadays, the therapeutic approach to low grade chronic inflammation is one of the great challenges of traditional pharmacology. Currently, no drugs specifically designed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory forms are available. Today, bioregulatory systems medicine (BrSM) and low dose medicine (LDM), two pharmacological paradigms grounded in systems medicine, potentially represent new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Scientific research has assessed the effectiveness and safety of both these therapeutic approaches, in particular for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic immunological dysregulations.

Low-dose multicomponent medication modulates humoral and cellular immune response in an ex-vivo study on children subjected to adenoid surgery

Respiratory infections, mainly in children, are a demanding challenge for physicians. Commonly, a relative immune-defect sustains their recurrence. At present, there is no standardized treatment for their prevention acting on the immune system. Citomix is a low-dose multicomponent medication largely used in this issue. The current study evaluated its ex vivo effect on adenoidal mononuclear cells recovered from children operated for adenoid hypertrophy. B cell phenotype, and IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgA, IgM in culture supernatants were evaluated. Citomix was able to significantly increase the expression of B memory cells, IFN-γ, IL-6, IgA and IgM, and significantly decrease IL-10 and IgG. The current outcomes could be consistent with a strategy deputed to improve the early immune response to pathogens. In conclusion, the present ex vivo study suggests that Citomix might be a promising medication in preventing and early treating respiratory infections.