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Youssef JR, Boraie NA, Ismail FA, Bakr BA, Allam EA, El-Moslemany RM. Brain targeted lactoferrin coated lipid nanocapsules for the combined effects of apocynin and lavender essential oil in PTZ induced seizures. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01610-0. [PMID: 38819768 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Apocynin (APO) is a plant derived antioxidant exerting specific NADPH oxidase inhibitory action substantiating its neuroprotective effects in various CNS disorders, including epilepsy. Due to rapid elimination and poor bioavailability, treatment with APO is challenging. Correspondingly, novel APO-loaded lipid nanocapsules (APO-LNC) were formulated and coated with lactoferrin (LF-APO-LNC) to improve br ain targetability and prolong residence time. Lavender oil (LAV) was incorporated into LNC as a bioactive ingredient to act synergistically with APO in alleviating pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. The optimized LF-APO-LAV/LNC showed a particle size 59.7 ± 4.5 nm with narrow distribution and 6.07 ± 1.6mV zeta potential) with high entrapment efficiency 92 ± 2.4% and sustained release (35% in 72 h). Following subcutaneous administration, LF-APO-LAV/LNC brought about ⁓twofold increase in plasma AUC and MRT compared to APO. A Log BB value of 0.2 ± 0.14 at 90 min reflects increased brain accumulation. In a PTZ-induced seizures rat model, LF-APO-LAV/LNC showed a Modified Racine score of 0.67 ± 0.47 with a significant increase in seizures latency and decrease in duration. Moreover, oxidant/antioxidant capacity and inflammatory markers levels in brain tissue were significantly improved. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of brain tissue sections further supported these findings. The results suggest APO/LAV combination in LF-coated LNC as a promising approach to counteract seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nabila A Boraie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21523, Egypt
| | - Eman A Allam
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt
| | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Messalla Post Office, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Yang HW, Kho AR, Lee SH, Kang BS, Park MK, Lee CJ, Park SW, Woo SY, Kim DY, Jung HH, Choi BY, Yang WI, Song HK, Choi HC, Park JK, Suh SW. A phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, amlexanox, reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death after pilocarpine-induced seizure. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00357. [PMID: 38631990 PMCID: PMC11067350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a complex neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures caused by aberrant electrical activity in the brain. Central to this study is the role of lysosomal dysfunction in epilepsy, which can lead to the accumulation of toxic substrates and impaired autophagy in neurons. Our focus is on phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by converting it into adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In pathological states, including epilepsy, increased PDE4 activity contributes to a decrease in cAMP levels, which may exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses. We hypothesized that amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory drug and non-selective PDE4 inhibitor, could offer neuroprotection by addressing lysosomal dysfunction and mitigating neuroinflammation, ultimately preventing neuronal death in epileptic conditions. Our research utilized a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy animal model to investigate amlexanox's potential benefits. Administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily following the onset of a seizure, we monitored its effects on lysosomal function, inflammation, neuronal death, and cognitive performance in the brain. Tissue samples from various brain regions were collected at predetermined intervals for a comprehensive analysis. The study's results were significant. Amlexanox effectively improved lysosomal function, which we attribute to the modulation of zinc's influx into the lysosomes, subsequently enhancing autophagic processes and decreasing the release of inflammatory factors. Notably, this led to the attenuation of neuronal death in the hippocampal region. Additionally, cognitive function, assessed through the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the Barnes maze test, showed substantial improvements after treatment with amlexanox. These promising outcomes indicate that amlexanox has potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and related brain disorders. Its ability to combat lysosomal dysfunction and neuroinflammation positions it as a potential neuroprotective intervention. While these findings are encouraging, further research and clinical trials are essential to fully explore and validate the therapeutic efficacy of amlexanox in epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - A Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Il Yang
- Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chen Y, Sun L, Shi H, Mao G, Zhao T, Feng W, Yang L, Wu X. Protective Effect of Protocatechuic Acid on Oxidative Damage and Cognitive Impairment in Pb-Induced Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04095-7. [PMID: 38374329 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a class of water-soluble phenolic acid abundant in the human diet, has been shown to be of great nutritional interest and to have medicinal value. However, the protective effects against lead (Pb)-induced body injury have not been elucidated. In this study, we explored the protective effect of PCA on Pb-induced oxidative damage and cognitive impairment in rats. The results showed that PCA could reduce the Pb content in rat bodies (blood, bone, brain, liver, and kidney) after Pb exposure. Moreover, PCA may inhibit Pb-induced oxidative damage by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, liver, and kidney. In addition, PCA may alleviate Pb-induced learning and memory impairment by upregulating neurotransmitter levels; maintaining the normal function of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs); and promoting Ca2+ influx, thus activating signaling molecules, related protein kinases, and transcription factors in the cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway. In general, PCA could reduce oxidative stress and ameliorate the learning and memory deficits in Pb-treated rats, indicating that PCA may be an effective preventive agent and treatment or plumbism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengyu Shi
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Montero-Atalaya M, Expósito S, Muñoz-Arnaiz R, Makarova J, Bartolomé B, Martín E, Moreno-Arribas MV, Herreras O. A dietary polyphenol metabolite alters CA1 excitability ex vivo and mildly affects cortico-hippocampal field potential generators in anesthetized animals. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10411-10425. [PMID: 37550066 PMCID: PMC10545443 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects in situations of impaired cognition in acute models of neurodegeneration. The possibility that they may have a direct effect on the electrical activity of neuronal populations has not been tested. We explored the electrophysiological action of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on CA1 pyramidal cells ex vivo and network activity in anesthetized female rats using pathway-specific field potential (FP) generators obtained from laminar FPs in cortex and hippocampus. Whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells revealed increased synaptic potentials, particularly in response to basal dendritic excitation, while the associated evoked firing was significantly reduced. This counterintuitive result was attributed to a marked increase of the rheobase and voltage threshold, indicating a decreased ability to generate spikes in response to depolarizing current. Systemic administration of PCA only slightly altered the ongoing activity of some FP generators, although it produced a striking disengagement of infraslow activities between the cortex and hippocampus on a scale of minutes. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the direct action of a dietary polyphenol on electrical activity, performing neuromodulatory roles at both the cellular and network levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montero-Atalaya
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Expósito
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Muñoz-Arnaiz
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Makarova
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martín
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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Alrashdi BM, Fehaid A, Kassab RB, Rizk S, Habotta OA, Abdel Moneim AE. Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Epigallocatechin Gallate Protect against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Activities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1955. [PMID: 37509594 PMCID: PMC10377216 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several negative outcomes are associated with current anti-epileptic medications. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a plant-derived compound called catechin and has many medicinal activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles are also showing their neuroprotective effect. The anti-epileptic effect of EGCG, alone or with SeNPs, is still debated. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-seizure effect of biosynthesized SeNPs using EGCG (EGCG-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and hippocampal damage, which is enhanced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in mice. Mice were grouped as follows: control; PTZ-exposed group (epileptic model); EGCG + PTZ-treated group; sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) + PTZ-treated group; EGCG-SeNPs + PTZ-treated group; and valproic acid (VPA) + PTZ-treated group. EGCG-SeNPs administration showed anti-epileptic activity by increasing the latency time and reducing the seizure duration following the PTZ injection. Additionally, EGCG-SeNPs counteracted the PTZ-induced changes in oxidants and antioxidants. Moreover, EGCG-SeNPs inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing the immunoreactivity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and mRNA expression of glutamate receptor subunit zeta-1 (NMDAR; Grin1), showing their inhibitory effect on epilepsy-associated inflammation. Moreover, EGCG-SeNPs reduced PTZ-induced neuronal apoptosis, as indicated by a reduction in the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins and an elevation of the anti-apoptotic protein. Moreover, EGCG-SeNPs administration significantly modulated the PTZ-induced changes in monoamine levels and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal tissue. The obtained findings suggest the anti-seizure activity of EGCG-SeNPs via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, along with their neuromodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakat M Alrashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Fehaid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Rizk
- Department of Immunizations and Vaccines, Hadayek Helwan Medical Center for Family Health, Cairo 4042342, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
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The Protective Role of Glutathione on Zinc-Induced Neuron Death after Brain Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032950. [PMID: 36769273 PMCID: PMC9917832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is necessary for maintaining physiological antioxidant function, which is responsible for maintaining free radicals derived from reactive oxygen species at low levels and is associated with improved cognitive performance after brain injury. GSH is produced by the linkage of tripeptides that consist of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. The adequate supplementation of GSH has neuroprotective effects in several brain injuries such as cerebral ischemia, hypoglycemia, and traumatic brain injury. Brain injuries produce an excess of reactive oxygen species through complex biochemical cascades, which exacerbates primary neuronal damage. GSH concentrations are known to be closely correlated with the activities of certain genes such as excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), glutamate transporter-associated protein 3-18 (Gtrap3-18), and zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3). Following brain-injury-induced oxidative stress, EAAC1 function is negatively impacted, which then reduces cysteine absorption and impairs neuronal GSH synthesis. In these circumstances, vesicular zinc is also released into the synaptic cleft and then translocated into postsynaptic neurons. The excessive influx of zinc inhibits glutathione reductase, which inhibits GSH's antioxidant functions in neurons, resulting in neuronal damage and ultimately in the impairment of cognitive function. Therefore, in this review, we explore the overall relationship between zinc and GSH in terms of oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, we seek to understand how the modulation of zinc can rescue brain-insult-induced neuronal death after ischemia, hypoglycemia, and traumatic brain injury.
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Salama A, Elgohary R, M Amin M, Elwahab SA. Immunomodulatory effect of protocatechuic acid on cyclophosphamide induced brain injury in rat: Modulation of inflammosomes NLRP3 and SIRT1. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175217. [PMID: 36007603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the inflammasome NLRP3 and SIRT1 are new combat strategy for brain injury protection. The inflammasome activates proinflammatory cytokines releasing interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 which in turn affect the toxins release from immune cells. In addition, SIRT1 controls many biological functions, such as immune response and oxidative stress. Protocatechuic has versatile biological activities and possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. So this work aims to study immunomodulatory effect of protocatechuic acid on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy drug-induced brain injury via modulation of inflammosomes NLRP3 and SIRT1. Rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Normal control group was injected with a single i.p injection of saline. Cyclophosphamide group was injected with a single i.p injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Protocatechuic acid groups were orally administered (50 &100 mg/kg) once daily for 10 consecutive days after cyclophosphamide injection. Protocatechuic acid administration exhibited improvements of the cognition function and memory, a reduction in brain contents of MDA, NLRP3, IL-1 β, NF-κB, IKBKB and Galectin 3 and an elevation of GSH and SIRT1 compared to cyclophosphamide group. In addition, protocatechuic acid administration ameliorated the elevation of caspase 3 and iNOS gene expression and alleviated the neuron degeneration caused by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, the therapeutic action of protocatechuic acid and its cellular and molecular mechanisms are new insights against various human ailments, especially, neuroprotective disease as brain injury induced by cyclophosphamide chemotherapy drug in rats through modulation of inflammosomes NLRP3 and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Amin
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd Elwahab
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Metabolite differentiation and antiobesity effects between different grades of Yuexi Cuilan green tea. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Varlamova EG, Turovsky EA, Blinova EV. Therapeutic Potential and Main Methods of Obtaining Selenium Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910808. [PMID: 34639150 PMCID: PMC8509153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the latest data on the importance of selenium nanoparticles in human health, their use in medicine, and the main known methods of their production by various methods. In recent years, a multifaceted study of nanoscale complexes in medicine, including selenium nanoparticles, has become very important in view of a number of positive features that make it possible to create new drugs based on them or significantly improve the properties of existing drugs. It is known that selenium is an essential trace element that is part of key antioxidant enzymes. In mammals, there are 25 selenoproteins, in which selenium is a key component of the active site. The important role of selenium in human health has been repeatedly proven by several hundred works in the past few decades; in recent years, the study of selenium nanocomplexes has become the focus of researchers. A large amount of accumulated data requires generalization and systematization in order to improve understanding of the key mechanisms and prospects for the use of selenium nanoparticles in medicine, which is the purpose of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.G.V.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.G.V.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Blinova
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmacological Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Alsharif KF, Almalki AA, Alsanie WF, Alzahrani KJ, Kabrah SM, Elshopakey GE, Alghamdi AAA, Lokman MS, Sberi HA, Bauomy AA, Albrakati A, Ramadan SS, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Salem FEH. Protocatechuic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic lung injury in mice: The possible role through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13915. [PMID: 34472624 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the protective efficacy of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lung injury. Eighty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: control, PCA30 (30 mg/kg), LPS (10 mg/kg), PCA10-LPS, PCA20-LPS, and PCA30-LPS treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg PCA, respectively, for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS injection. PCA pre-treatment, especially at higher dose, significantly reduced LPS-induced lung tissue injury as indicated by increased heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant molecules (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) accompanied by lower oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). PCA administration decreased inflammatory mediators including myeloperoxidase, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevented the development of apoptotic events in the lung tissue. At the molecular level, PCA downregulated mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase 2, C/EBP homologous protein, and high mobility group box1 in the lungs of all PCA-LPS treated mice. Thus, PCA-pre-treatment effectively counteracted sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo by promoting and antioxidant status, while inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Sepsis-mediated organ dysfunction and high mortality is aggravated by acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to encounter sepsis-mediated ALI. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid with various biological and pharmacological activities. PCA is abundant in edible plants including Allium cepa L., Oryza sativa L., Hibiscus sabdariffa, Prunus domestica L., and Eucommia ulmoides. In this investigation we studied the potential protective role of pure PCA (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) on LPS-mediated septic lung injury in mice through examining oxidative challenge, inflammatory response, apoptotic events and histopathological changes in addition to evaluating the levels and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70, C/EBP homologous protein and high mobility group box1 in the lung tissue. The recorded results showed that PCA pre-administration was able to significantly abrogate the damages in the lung tissue associated septic response. This protective effect comes from its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, suggesting that PCA may be applied to alleviate ALI associated with the development of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AlQura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Maha S Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Al Sberi
- Basic Medical Science, Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A Bauomy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, ArRass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa S Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Elzahraa H Salem
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis after Acute Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050739. [PMID: 34067012 PMCID: PMC8151966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-known common pathological process involved in mediating acute neurological injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia-related neuronal injury. However, effective therapeutic measures aimed at scavenging free reactive oxygen species have shown little success in clinical trials. Recent studies have revealed that NADPH oxidase, a membrane-bound enzyme complex that catalyzes the production of a superoxide free radical, is one of the major sources of cellular reactive oxygen species in acute neurological disorders. Furthermore, several studies, including our previous ones, have shown that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce subsequent neuronal injury in neurological disease. Moreover, maintaining appropriate levels of NADPH oxidase has also been shown to be associated with proper neurogenesis after neuronal injury. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the role of NADPH oxidase in neuronal death and neurogenesis in multiple acute neurological disorders and to explore potential pharmacological strategies targeting the NADPH-related oxidative stress pathways.
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13
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Kale S, Sarode LP, Kharat A, Ambulkar S, Prakash A, Sakharkar AJ, Ugale RR. Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Early Hour Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Damage by Restoring Imbalance of Neuronal Cell Death and Survival Proteins. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105507. [PMID: 33285352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on cell death/survival protein imbalance in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS Focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult male Wistar rats and confirmed by measuring infarction of brain by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Rats were treated with vehicle or PCA at 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally and subjected to neurological deficits or beam walk assessment at 24 h of reperfusion. Effective dose of PCA (50 mg/kg) was administered at 1, 2 and 3 h time point of post-ictus ischemia. Cellular damage and nuclear condensation was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and Hoechst 33342 staining respectively. Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and their mRNA's were observed. RESULTS PCA at 30 and 50 mg/kg significantly improved behavioural performance and reduced infarction. Maximum neuroprotective effect of PCA (50 mg/kg) was found at 1 h (early hours) post-ictus ischemia along with reduction in cellular damage and nuclear condensation. PCA increased CREB protein and it's mRNA, while suppressed caspase-3 protein and mRNA at 1 h of reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION PCA exhibit the potential to prevent early hour (1h) reperfusion injury restoring balance of survival and death protein may offer a cost effective adjuvant therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Amol Kharat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Saurabh Ambulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Rajesh R Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
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14
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Wang W, Ma YM, Jiang ZL, Gao ZW, Chen WG. Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor is involved in rat post-traumatic epilepsy pathogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:290. [PMID: 33717233 PMCID: PMC7885077 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the pathogenesis behind post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). In the present study, a chloride ferric injection-induced rat PTE model was established. The expression levels of apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), cleaved caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by western blotting or immunofluorescence staining (IF). The expression of AATF in vivo was downregulated by microinjection of lentiviral-mediated short-hairpin RNA. Compared with control and sham groups, at day 5 after PTE, neuron apoptosis was significantly increased and the expression levels of AATF, p53, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly upregulated. In addition, IF revealed co-localization of AATF and cleaved caspase-3 in the cortex. Additionally, AATF was expressed mainly in neurons and astrocytes. Following AATF inhibition, the expression levels of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly reduced as compared with the control group. Taken together, these findings suggested that following PTE, AATF is involved in neuronal apoptosis and may serve as a potential target for its alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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15
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Kang DH, Choi BY, Lee SH, Kho AR, Jeong JH, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Song HK, Choi HC, Lim MS, Suh SW. Effects of Cerebrolysin on Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568813. [PMID: 33177978 PMCID: PMC7596733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain diseases. The exact cause of epilepsy is unclear. Epilepsy often occurs following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain peptide that is a unique neurotropic and neuroprotective agent. Cerebrolysin has been reported to increase neuroprotective effects after TBI, ischemia, and other CNS diseases. However, the effects of cerebrolysin on seizures are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neuropeptide cerebrolysin on neuronal death in the hippocampus after a seizure. To confirm the effects of cerebrolysin, we used a pilocarpine-induced seizure animal model. Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, i.p., once per day for 7 days) was immediately injected after a seizure induction. After 1 week, we obtained brain tissues and performed staining to histologically evaluate the potentially protective effects of cerebrolysin on seizure-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus. We found that cerebrolysin decreased hippocampal neuronal death after a seizure. In addition, an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was confirmed through Western blot analysis to further support our hypothesis. Therefore, the present study suggests that the administration of cerebrolysin can be a useful therapeutic tool for preventing neuronal death after a seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Man-Sup Lim
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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16
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Yuan X, Fu Z, Ji P, Guo L, Al-Ghamdy AO, Alkandiri A, Habotta OA, Abdel Moneim AE, Kassab RB. Selenium Nanoparticles Pre-Treatment Reverse Behavioral, Oxidative Damage, Neuronal Loss and Neurochemical Alterations in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6339-6353. [PMID: 32922005 PMCID: PMC7455605 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s259134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by behavioral, molecular, and neurochemical alterations. Current antiepileptic drugs are associated with various adverse impacts. The main goal of the current study is to investigate the possible anticonvulsant effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-mediated epileptic seizures in mice hippocampus. Sodium valproate (VPA) was used as a standard anti-epileptic drug. Methods Mice were assigned into five groups (n=15): control, SeNPs (5 mg/kg, orally), PTZ (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), SeNPs+PTZ and VPA (200 mg/kg)+PTZ. All groups were treated for 10 days. Results PTZ injection triggered a state of oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue as represented by the elevated lipoperoxidation, heat shock protein 70 level, and nitric oxide formation while decreased glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes activity. Additionally, the blotting analysis showed downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the epileptic mice. A state of neuroinflammation was recorded following the developed seizures represented by the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, neuronal apoptosis was recorded following the development of epileptic convulsions. At the neurochemical level, acetylcholinesterase activity and monoamines content were decreased in the epileptic mice, accompanied by high glutamate and low GABA levels in the hippocampal tissue. However, SeNP supplementation was found to delay the onset and decreased the duration of tonic, myoclonic, and generalized seizures following PTZ injection. Moreover, SeNPs were found to provide neuroprotection through preventing the development of oxidative challenge via the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1, inhibiting the inflammatory response and apoptotic cascade. Additionally, SeNPs reversed the changes in the activity and levels of neuromodulators following the development of epileptic seizures. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that SeNPs could be used as a promising anticonvulsant drug due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yuan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenshuai Fu
- Department of ICU, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou Second Hospital, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lubo Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali O Al-Ghamdy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alkandiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250013, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Technology Department, College of Technological Studies, Safat 13092, Kuwait
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
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17
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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18
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Molehin OR, Adeyanju AA, Adefegha SA, Oyeyemi AO, Idowu KA. Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0191. [PMID: 31280244 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) induces toxicity in many tissues/organs, including the heart, kidney and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups. Methods Group 1 served as the normal control (CTR). A single dose of DOX at 20 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to animals in Group 2. Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with PCA for 5 days (doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively) after which DOX was injected (PCA-10 + DOX and PCA-20 + DOX). Group 5 received PCA only at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (PCA-20). Results The results revealed significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, expressions of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the kidney. Likewise, increased serum levels of creatinine and urea of DOX group were observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) level and antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s- transferase (GST) activities in the kidney were observed compared with the control. Pretreatment with PCA (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 5 days prior to the i.p. injection of DOX reduced MDA levels, modulated iNOS and COX2 activities and improved kidney function markers as well as oxidative stress parameters. Findings from the histopathology studies confirms the protective effects of PCA on DOX-induced damage on the kidney cells. Conclusions This study has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of PCA, which could be part of its possible protective mechanisms against nephrotoxicity induced by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: +234-803-462-1267
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen A Adefegha
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Ajibade O Oyeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Idowu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti., P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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19
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Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) on Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051420. [PMID: 29747437 PMCID: PMC5983751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is one of the main causes of hippocampal neuronal death. Ischemic damage can be rescued by early blood reperfusion. However, under some circumstances reperfusion itself can trigger a cell death process that is initiated by the reintroduction of blood, followed by the production of superoxide, a blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) disruption and microglial activation. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a major metabolite of the antioxidant polyphenols, which have been discovered in green tea. PCA has been shown to have antioxidant effects on healthy cells and anti-proliferative effects on tumor cells. To test whether PCA can prevent ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death, rats were injected with PCA (30 mg/kg/day) per oral (p.o) for one week after global ischemia. To evaluate degenerating neurons, oxidative stress, microglial activation and BBB disruption, we performed Fluoro-Jade B (FJB), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), CD11b, GFAP and IgG staining. In the present study, we found that PCA significantly decreased degenerating neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, microglial activation, astrocyte activation and BBB disruption compared with the vehicle-treated group after ischemia. In addition, an ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration in hippocampal neurons was recovered by PCA administration. Therefore, the administration of PCA may be further investigated as a promising tool for decreasing hippocampal neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia.
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