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Yin Q, Yang H, Fang L, Wu Q, Gao S, Wu Y, Zhou L. Fibroblast growth factor 23 regulates hypoxia‑induced osteoblast apoptosis through the autophagy‑signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:199. [PMID: 37711045 PMCID: PMC10540001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can lead to programmed osteoblast death. Prevention of osteoblast apoptosis caused by hypoxia is of great significance in the study of the occurrence and development of bone necrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) on hypoxia‑induced apoptosis in primary osteoblasts and MC3T3‑E1 cells osteoblasts. Cells were transfected with a plasmid carrying the FGF23 gene and a cell model of hypoxia‑induced apoptosis was established. FGF23 mRNA levels were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR and western blotting was used to assess protein levels. Apoptosis was analyzed by MTT assay, fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide staining, flow cytometry and RT‑qPCR and western blotting were used to verify the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis‑ and autophagy‑related gene mRNA. The targeted relationship between miR‑17‑5p and FGF23 was confirmed using the StarBase database, TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter assay. FGF23 decreased cell survival and increased the rate of apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression of the pro‑apoptotic genes Bax and caspases 3 and 9 increased, whereas that of the anti‑apoptotic Bcl‑2 decreased. The expressions of the autophagy‑associated proteins beclin‑1, light chain 3‑II (LC3‑II) and the LC3‑II/LC3‑I ratio were significantly increased. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FGF23 directly regulated micro RNA (miR)‑17‑5p. The effects of FGF23 silencing were reversed by miR‑17‑5p inhibition. FGF23 may regulate hypoxia‑induced osteoblast apoptosis by targeting miR‑17‑5p through the autophagy‑signaling pathway. This provides a rationale for FGF23 as a potential therapeutic target for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipu Yin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Lun Fang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
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Mancuso C, Tremblay E, Gnodi E, Jean S, Beaulieu JF, Barisani D. The Combination of Gold and Silver Food Nanoparticles with Gluten Peptides Alters the Autophagic Pathway in Intestinal Crypt-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13040. [PMID: 37685847 PMCID: PMC10487529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) are widely used as food additives and can interact with gliadin triggering an immune response, but evaluation of the effects on crypts, hypertrophic in celiac subjects, is still lacking. This study evaluated the effects of gold and silver mNPs in combination with gliadin on crypt-like cells (HIEC-6). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate gliadin-mNP aggregates in cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis assessed autophagy-related molecule levels (p62, LC3, beclin-1, EGFR). Lysosome functionality was tested with acridine orange (AO) and Magic Red assays. TEM identified an increase in autophagic vacuoles after exposure to gliadin + mNPs, as also detected by significant increments in LC3-II and p62 expression. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of mature autophagosomes, showing LC3 and p62 colocalization, indicating an altered autophagic flux, further assessed with EGFR degradation, AO and Magic Red assays. The results showed a significant reduction in lysosomal enzyme activity and a modest reduction in acidity. Thus, gliadin + mNPs can block the autophagic flux inducing a lysosomal defect. The alteration of this pathway, essential for cell function, can lead to cell damage and death. The potential effects of this copresence in food should be further characterized to avoid a negative impact on celiac disease subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mancuso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Steve Jean
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada;
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
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3
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Gluten Exorphins Promote Cell Proliferation through the Activation of Mitogenic and Pro-Survival Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043912. [PMID: 36835317 PMCID: PMC9966116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disorder that affects preferentially the small intestine of individuals with a genetic predisposition. CD is promoted by the ingestion of gluten, a storage protein contained in the endosperm of the seeds of wheat, barley, rye, and related cereals. Once in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, gluten is enzymatically digested with the consequent release of immunomodulatory and cytotoxic peptides, i.e., 33mer and p31-43. In the late 1970s a new group of biologically active peptides, called gluten exorphins (GEs), was discovered and characterized. In particular, these short peptides showed a morphine-like activity and high affinity for the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). The relevance of GEs in the pathogenesis of CD is still unknown. Recently, it has been proposed that GEs could contribute to asymptomatic CD, which is characterized by the absence of symptoms that are typical of this disorder. In the present work, GEs cellular and molecular effects were in vitro investigated in SUP-T1 and Caco-2 cells, also comparing viability effects with human normal primary lymphocytes. As a result, GEs treatments increased tumor cell proliferation by cell cycle and Cyclins activation as well as by induction of mitogenic and pro-survival pathways. Finally, a computational model of GEs interaction with DOR is provided. Altogether, the results might suggest a possible role of GEs in CD pathogenesis and on its associated cancer comorbidities.
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Sposito S, Secondo A, Romanelli AM, Montefusco A, Nanayakkara M, Auricchio S, Barone MV, Caputo I, Paolella G. Peculiar Ca 2+ Homeostasis, ER Stress, Autophagy, and TG2 Modulation in Celiac Disease Patient-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021495. [PMID: 36675008 PMCID: PMC9866799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals by genetically predisposed individuals. Constitutive differences between cells from CD patients and control subjects, including levels of protein phosphorylation, alterations of vesicular trafficking, and regulation of type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), have been reported. In the present work, we investigated how skin-derived fibroblasts from CD and control subjects responded to thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum ER stress inducer, in an attempt to contribute to the comprehension of molecular features of the CD cellular phenotype. We analyzed Ca2+ levels by single-cell video-imaging and TG2 activity by a microplate assay. Western blots and PCR analyses were employed to monitor TG2 levels and markers of ER stress and autophagy. We found that the cytosolic and ER Ca2+ level of CD cells was lower than in control cells. Treatments with thapsigargin differently activated TG2 in control and CD cells, as well as caused slightly different responses regarding the activation of ER stress and the expression of autophagic markers. On the whole, our findings identified further molecular features of the celiac cellular phenotype and highlighted that CD cells appeared less capable of adapting to a stress condition and responding in a physiological way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Montefusco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Effect and mechanism of peanut skin proanthocyanidins on gliadin-induced Caco-2 celiac disease model cells. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109100. [PMID: 36038099 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have been shown to inhibit the signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation, also improved cell membrane integrity. The effect of peanut skin proanthocyanidins (PSPc) on CD remains unknown. In this paper, the effect and mechanism of PSPc on glial protein-induced Caco-2 cytotoxicity were studied. The results showed that PSPc may inhibit oxidative stress in DPG-induced CD model in vitro by regulating SIRT1/NRF2 pathway. By regulating SIRT1 and IκB signaling pathways, inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the deacetylation of NF-κB, inhibit inflammatory response, reduce release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), the cell survival rate was and the expression of TGM2 were improved, avoiding the damage of cell monolayer model. This experiment proved the prominent effect of PSPc on CD intervention. Studying the mechanism of PSPc in the treatment of CD injury will contribute to explore new therapies for CD which will be of great significance to supplement or replace gluten-free diets.
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Conte M, Nigro F, Porpora M, Bellomo C, Furone F, Budelli AL, Nigro R, Barone MV, Nanayakkara M. Gliadin Peptide P31-43 Induces mTOR/NFkβ Activation and Reduces Autophagy: The Role of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 Postbiotc. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073655. [PMID: 35409015 PMCID: PMC8999065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an altered immune response stimulated by gliadin peptides that are not digested and cause damage to the intestinal mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the postbiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) could prevent the action of gliadin peptides on mTOR, autophagy, and the inflammatory response. Most of the experiments performed were conducted on intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2 treated with a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin (PTG) and P31-43. Furthermore, we pretreated the Caco-2 with the postbiotic LP before treatment with the previously described stimuli. In both cases, we evaluated the levels of pmTOR, p70S6k, and p4EBP-1 for the mTOR pathway, pNFkβ, and pERK for inflammation and LC 3 and p62 for autophagy. For autophagy, we also used immunofluorescence analysis. Using intestinal organoids derivate from celiac (CD) patients, we analyzed the effect of gliadin after postbiotic pretreatment with LP on inflammation marker NFkβ. Through these experiments, we showed that gliadin peptides are able to induce the increase of the inflammatory response in a more complex model of intestinal epithelial cells. LP postbiotic was able to induce autophagy in Caco-2 cells and prevent gliadin effects. In conclusion, postbiotic pretreatment with LP could be considered for in vivo clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Conte
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Federica Nigro
- I.T.P. Innovation and Technology Provider s.r.l., Via Bisignano a Chiaia 68, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Monia Porpora
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Claudia Bellomo
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Francesca Furone
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Luigi Budelli
- DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.L.B.); (R.N.)
| | - Roberto Nigro
- DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.L.B.); (R.N.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817464568
| | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- ELFID (European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (F.F.); (M.N.)
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7
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Gliadin proteolytical resistant peptides: the interplay between structure and self-assembly in gluten-related disorders. Biophys Rev 2022; 13:1147-1154. [PMID: 35047092 PMCID: PMC8724473 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the evaluation of the structural properties of food has become of crucial importance in the understanding of food-related disorders. One of the most exciting systems is gliadin, a protein in wheat gluten, that plays a protagonist role in gluten-related disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%, including autoimmune celiac disease (CeD) (1%) and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (0.5–13%). It is accepted that gliadin is not fully digested by humans, producing large peptides that reach the gut mucosa. The gliadin peptides cross the lamina propria eliciting different immune responses in susceptible patients. Many clinical and biomedical efforts aim to diagnose and understand gluten-related disorders; meanwhile, the early stages of the inflammatory events remain elusive. Interestingly, although the primary sequence of many gliadin peptides is well known, it was only recently revealed the self-assembly capability of two pathogenic gliadin fragments and their connection to the early stage of diseases. This review is dedicated to the most relevant biophysical characterization of the complex gliadin digest and the two most studied gliadin fragments, the immunodominant 33-mer peptide and the toxic p31-43 in connection with inflammation and innate immune response. Here, we want to emphasize that combining different biophysical methods with cellular and in vivo models is of key importance to get an integrative understanding of a complex biological problem, as discussed here.
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Yue C, Jin H, Zhang X, Li W, Wang D, Tong P, Liu Y, Tan Z. Aucubin prevents steroid-induced osteoblast apoptosis by enhancing autophagy via AMPK activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10175-10184. [PMID: 34612603 PMCID: PMC8572759 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid‐induced osteoblast apoptosis is a crucial pathological process in steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). Autophagy can resist apoptosis and AMPK plays an important role in autophagy regulation. Aucubin from the small tree Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., which has a long history of use in orthopaedics and traumatology in Asian medicine, can promote bone formation, but whether it can slow or prevent steroid‐osteoblast apoptosis is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenesis of SONFH and how the osteoblast responds to aucubin under the dexamethasone stimulation. In human femoral head osteonecrosis specimens, we found that the autophage and apoptosis level were increased, and the AMPK signalling was crucial to autophagy. We observed that aucubin could prevent dexamethasone‐induced apoptosis in osteoblasts by enhancing the level of autophagy. Further, we confirmed that the regulatory effect of aucubin on autophagy and apoptosis was achieved by activating AMPK signalling. We have demonstrated a mechanism of disease progression and shown that aucubin could enhance autophagy through AMPK signalling to prevent osteoblast apoptosis. These findings provide a basis for the further investigation of the potential therapeutic role of aucubin in the SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yue
- Department of Orthopedic, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Carriero F, Martinelli C, Gabriele F, Barbieri G, Zanoletti L, Milanesi G, Casali C, Azzalin A, Manai F, Paolillo M, Comincini S. Berberine Photo-Activation Potentiates Cytotoxicity in Human Astrocytoma Cells through Apoptosis Induction. J Pers Med 2021; 11:942. [PMID: 34683083 PMCID: PMC8541605 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently attracted interest as an innovative and adjuvant treatment for different cancers including malignant gliomas. Among these, Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent neoplasm in the central nervous system. Despite conventional therapeutic approaches that include surgical removal, radiation, and chemotherapy, GBM is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. PDT is a physical process that induces tumor cell death through the genesis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by light energy interaction with a photosensitizing agent. In this contribution, we explored the potentiality of the plant alkaloid berberine (BBR) as a photosensitizing and cytotoxic agent coupled with a PDT scheme using a blue light source in human established astrocytoma cell lines. Our data mainly indicated for the combined BBR-PDT scheme a potent activation of the apoptosis pathway, through a massive ROS production, a great extent of mitochondria depolarization, and the sub-sequent activation of caspases. Altogether, these results demonstrated that BBR is an efficient photosensitizer agent and that its association with PDT may be a potential anticancer strategy for high malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Carolina Martinelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
- SKYTEC Srl, 20147 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Gabriele
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Gloria Milanesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Alberto Azzalin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
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10
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Escudero-Hernández C. Epithelial cell dysfunction in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:133-164. [PMID: 33707053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium limits host-luminal interactions and maintains gut homeostasis. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier and villous atrophy are hallmarks of coeliac disease. Besides the well characterized immune-mediated epithelial damage induced in coeliac mucosa, constitutional changes and early gluten direct effects disturb intestinal epithelial cells. The subsequent modifications in key epithelial signaling pathways leads to outnumbered immature epithelial cells that, in turn, facilitate epithelial dysfunction, promote crypt hyperplasia, and increase intestinal permeability. Consequently, underlying immune cells have a greater access to gluten, which boosts the proinflammatory immune response against gluten and positively feedback the epithelial damage loop. Gluten-free diet is an indispensable treatment for coeliac disease patients, but additional therapies are under development, including those that reinforce intestinal epithelial healing. In this chapter, we provide an overview of intestinal epithelial cell disturbances that develop during gluten intake in coeliac disease mucosa.
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Constitutive Differential Features of Type 2 Transglutaminase in Cells Derived from Celiac Patients and from Healthy Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041231. [PMID: 32059410 PMCID: PMC7072952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme able to modify gliadin peptides introduced into the organism through the diet. By means of its catalytic activity, TG2 seems to have an important pathogenetic role in celiac disease (CD), an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals. A strong autoimmune response to TG2 characterizes CD development. Anti-TG2 antibodies specifically derange the uptake of the α-gliadin peptide 31–43 by control, but not by celiac dermal fibroblasts, underlying some different constitutive features regarding TG2 in healthy and celiac subjects. Our aim was to investigate whether these differences depended on a different TG2 subcellular distribution and whether peptide 31–43 differentially regulated TG2 expression and activity in cells of the two groups of subjects. We found that TG2 was more abundantly associated with membranes of celiac fibroblasts than of control cells, in particular with the early endosomal and autophagic compartments. We also found that peptide 31–43 differentially affected TG2 expression and activity in the two groups of cells, activating TG2 more in control than in celiac cells and inducing TG2 expression in celiac cells, but not in control ones. The different TG2 subcellular localization and the different way the peptide 31–43 modulates TG2 activity and availability into control and CD cells suggested that TG2 is involved in the definition of a constitutive CD cellular phenotype, thus having an important and still undefined role in CD pathogenesis.
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Jauregi-Miguel A, Santin I, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Olazagoitia-Garmendia A, Romero-Garmendia I, Sebastian-delaCruz M, Irastorza I, Castellanos-Rubio A, Bilbao JR. MAGI2 Gene Region and Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:187. [PMID: 31921880 PMCID: PMC6930898 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) patients present a loss of intestinal barrier function due to structural alterations in the tight junction (TJ) network, the most apical unions between epithelial cells. The association of TJ-related gene variants points to an implication of this network in disease susceptibility. This work aims to characterize the functional implication of TJ-related, disease-associated loci in CD pathogenesis. We performed an association study of 8 TJ-related gene variants in a cohort of 270 CD and 91 non-CD controls. The expression level of transcripts located in the associated SNP region was analyzed by RT-PCR in several human tissues and in duodenal biopsies of celiac patients and non-CD controls. (si)RNA-driven silencing combined with gliadin in the Caco2 intestinal cell line was used to analyze the implication of transcripts from the associated region in the regulation of TJ genes. We replicated the association of rs6962966*A variant [p = 0.0029; OR = 1.88 (95%1.24–2.87)], located in an intron of TJ-related MAGI2 coding gene and upstream of RP4-587D13.2 transcript, bioinformatically classified as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The expression of both genes is correlated and constitutively downregulated in CD intestine. Silencing of lncRNA decreases the levels of MAGI2 protein. At the same time, silencing of MAGI2 affects the expression of several TJ-related genes. The associated region is functionally altered in disease, probably affecting CD-related TJ genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Izortze Santin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,CIBER in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irati Romero-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maialen Sebastian-delaCruz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Irastorza
- Department of Pediatrics, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,CIBER in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Jayathilake C, Kumachi S, Arai H, Motohashi M, Terai T, Murakami A, Nemoto N. In vitro selection of anti-gliadin single-domain antibodies from a naïve library for cDNA-display mediated immuno-PCR. Anal Biochem 2019; 589:113490. [PMID: 31678363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gluten intolerance, or adverse intestinal reactions to gluten, is a fairly common problem among certain groups of people. Celiac disease is the most severe form of gluten intolerance, which can lead to permanent damage in the digestive system. Since lifelong avoidance of gluten is the only available treatment, development of reliable techniques to identify gluten contamination in food is important. Gliadin, a component of gluten, is known to play a major role in gluten toxicity. In this study, cDNA display method was used to select specific single-domain antibodies against toxic gliadin from an alpaca-derived naïve VHH library. The cDNA display method is a promising in vitro display technique, which uniquely converts an unstable mRNA-protein fusion molecule to a stable mRNA/cDNA-protein fusion molecule using a well-designed puromycin linker. Three candidate VHHs were selected and the affinities of the VHHs were observed by pulldown assay and indirect ELISA method. In addition, a novel cDNA display mediated immuno-PCR method (cD-IPCR) was successfully applied to detect gliadin in food. We believe this work demonstrates the potential application of the cDNA display method in selecting binders against toxic and heterogeneous targets such as gliadin with an immunization-free preparation manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuni Jayathilake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Hidenao Arai
- Epsilon Molecular Engineering, Inc, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maiko Motohashi
- Epsilon Molecular Engineering, Inc, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuya Terai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoto Nemoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Epsilon Molecular Engineering, Inc, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Manai F, Azzalin A, Morandi M, Riccardi V, Zanoletti L, Dei Giudici M, Gabriele F, Martinelli C, Bozzola M, Comincini S. Trehalose Modulates Autophagy Process to Counteract Gliadin Cytotoxicity in an In Vitro Celiac Disease Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040348. [PMID: 31013754 PMCID: PMC6523171 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of gliadin peptides, the alcohol-soluble fraction of wheat gluten. These peptides, which play a key role in the immune response that underlies CD, spontaneously form aggregates and exert a direct toxic action on cells due to the increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, peptic-tryptic digested gliadin peptides (PT-gliadin) lead to an impairment in the autophagy pathway in an in vitro model based on Caco-2 cells. Considering these premises, in this study we have analyzed different mTOR-independent inducers, reporting that the disaccharide trehalose, a mTOR-independent autophagy activator, rescued the autophagy flux in Caco-2 cells treated with digested gliadin, as well as improved cell viability. Moreover, trehalose administration to Caco-2 cells in presence of digested gliadin reduced the intracellular levels of these toxic peptides. Altogether, these results showed the beneficial effects of trehalose in a CD in vitro model as well as underlining autophagy as a molecular pathway whose modulation might be promising in counteracting PT-gliadin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Azzalin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Martina Morandi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Veronica Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Dei Giudici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Gabriele
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carolina Martinelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mauro Bozzola
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Units, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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