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Gu M, Han Y, Dai X, Ma X, Ge W, Wei W, Yang S. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the negative effects of tannic acid on the intestinal function of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Gene 2024; 893:147944. [PMID: 38381510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a significant plant secondary metabolite, is contained in the daily food of Brandt's voles. Its adverse effect on gut function has been shown in earlier research, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, male Brandt's vole (13 weeks old) were divided into two groups and given 0 (control) or 1,200 (TA-treated) mg•kg-1 TA for 18 days. Then RNA sequencing was used to conduct a thorough transcriptome analysis on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of Brandt's voles. Results showed that TA significantly increased serum total cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05) and decreased the nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) of Brandt's voles. Furthermore, there were 174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the duodenum, 96 DEGs in the jejunum, and 88 DEGs in the ileum between the control and TA-treated groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that many genes associated with bile secretion, fat digestion and absorption, innate immune response, and tight junction such as ABCG2, ABCG8, PEAK1, and IFR2, etc. were altered after TA treatment, which were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings suggested that TA can change the expression of intestinal genes, thereby, altering nutrition metabolism and immunological function, eventually hindering the growth of Brandt's voles. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for explaining how TA affects the gut function of Brandt's voles at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Gu
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Xuwei Ma
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Weiwei Ge
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Department of College of Biological Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China.
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Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron 2022; 110:3597-3626. [PMID: 36327900 PMCID: PMC9986959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system maintains metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating the activity of organs such as the pancreas, liver, and white and brown adipose tissues. From the first renderings by Thomas Willis to contemporary techniques for visualization, tracing, and functional probing of axonal arborizations within organs, our understanding of the sympathetic nervous system has started to grow beyond classical models. In the present review, we outline the evolution of these findings and provide updated neuroanatomical maps of sympathetic innervation. We offer an autonomic framework for the neuroendocrine loop of leptin action, and we discuss the role of immune cells in regulating sympathetic terminals and metabolism. We highlight potential anti-obesity therapeutic approaches that emerge from the modern appreciation of SNS as a neural network vis a vis the historical fear of sympathomimetic pharmacology, while shifting focus from post- to pre-synaptic targeting. Finally, we critically appraise the field and where it needs to go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Physician-Scientist Graduate Program, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Jo YY, Kweon H, Kim DW, Baek K, Chae WS, Kang YJ, Oh JH, Kim SG, Garagiola U. Silk sericin application increases bone morphogenic protein-2/4 expression via a toll-like receptor-mediated pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:607-617. [PMID: 34508721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) is an osteoinductive protein that accelerates osteogenesis when administered to bony defects. Sericin is produced by silkworms, and has a biological activity that differs depending on the degumming method used. Our results indicated that the high molecular weight fraction of silk sericin (MW > 30 kDa) obtained via sonication had a more abundant β-sheet structure than the low molecular weight fraction. Administration of the β-sheet structure silk sericin increased BMP-2/4 expression in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells and human monocytes. This sericin increased the expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-3, and TLR-4 in RAW264.7 cells. Application of a TLR-2 antibody or TLR pathway blocker decreased BMP-2/4 expression following sericin administration. In the animal model, the bone volume and BMP-2/4 expression were higher in rats treated with a sericin-incorporated gelatin sponge than in rats treated with a gelatin sponge alone or a sponge-incorporated with denatured sericin. In conclusion, sericin with a more abundant β-sheet structure increased BMP-2/4 expression and bone formation better than sericin with a less abundant β-sheet structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - HaeYong Kweon
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Turner RT, Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Gamboa AR, Branscum AJ, Iwaniec UT. Effects of Propranolol on Bone, White Adipose Tissue, and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Mice Housed at Room Temperature or Thermoneutral Temperature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32256446 PMCID: PMC7089918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing female mice housed at room temperature (22°C) weigh the same but differ in body composition compared to mice housed at thermoneutrality (32°C). Specifically, mice housed at room temperature have lower levels of white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, bone marrow adipose tissue (bMAT) and cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis are lower in room temperature-housed mice. The metabolic changes induced by sub-thermoneutral housing are associated with lower leptin levels in serum and higher levels of Ucp1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Although the precise mechanisms mediating adaptation to sub-thermoneutral temperature stress remain to be elucidated, there is evidence that increased sympathetic nervous system activity acting via β-adrenergic receptors plays an important role. We therefore evaluated the effect of the non-specific β-blocker propranolol (primarily β1 and β2 antagonist) on body composition, femur microarchitecture, and bMAT in growing female C57BL/6 mice housed at either room temperature or thermoneutral temperature. As anticipated, cancellous bone volume fraction, WAT and bMAT were lower in mice housed at room temperature. Propranolol had small but significant effects on bone microarchitecture (increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular spacing), but did not attenuate premature bone loss induced by room temperature housing. In contrast, propranolol treatment prevented housing temperature-associated differences in WAT and bMAT. To gain additional insight, we evaluated a panel of genes in tibia, using an adipogenesis PCR array. Housing temperature and treatment with propranolol had exclusive as well as shared effects on gene expression. Of particular interest was the finding that room temperature housing reduced, whereas propranolol increased, expression of the gene for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acacb), the rate-limiting step for fatty acid synthesis and a key regulator of β-oxidation. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that increased activation of β1 and/or β2 receptors contributes to reduced bMAT by regulating adipocyte metabolism, but that this pathway is unlikely to be responsible for premature cancellous bone loss in room temperature-housed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amanda R. Gamboa
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Urszula T. Iwaniec
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Park D, Gu H, Baek JH, Baek K. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin downregulates pancreatic lipase expression in an ATF4-dependent manner in pancreatic acinar cells. Bone 2019; 127:220-227. [PMID: 31216497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin is an osteoblast-specific secreted protein that has been associated with endocrine roles in multiple aspects of energy metabolism. We examined whether undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) downregulates pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) expression in pancreatic acinar cells and then identified the downstream signaling pathway involved. We previously demonstrated that β adrenergic blockade attenuates body weight/fat mass gain in high-fat diet-fed mice and that this effect is associated with decreased PNLIP expression in pancreatic acinar cells. In the present study, we first confirmed that the serum ucOC level is inversely correlated with PNLIP expression, i.e., mice exhibiting high serum levels of ucOC showed low PNLIP levels in the pancreas. In in vitro experiments using primary pancreatic acinar and 266-6 cells, ucOC downregulated PNLIP expression. cAMP/PKA signaling inhibitors significantly reversed ucOC-induced downregulation of PNLIP expression. ucOC promoted the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein 2 (ATF4). Overexpression of ATF4 significantly suppressed PNLIP expression. Knockdown of ATF4 by siRNA reversed the ucOC-induced downregulation of PNLIP expression. A luciferase reporter assay showed that ucOC suppressed PNLIP promoter transactivation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ATF4 directly bound to the CRE on the mouse PNLIP promoter and suppressed PNLIP transactivation. Knockdown of G-protein coupled receptor 6A (Gprc6a), a candidate receptor for mediating the response to ucOC in the bone-pancreas endocrine loop, by siRNA reversed the downregulating effect of ucOC on PNLIP expression. Taken together, ucOC downregulates pancreatic lipase expression in a cAMP/protein kinase A/ATF4-dependent manner. Gprc6a is a potential osteocalcin-sensing receptor that regulates PNLIP expression in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Gu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea.
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