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Xue C, Jia H, Cao R, Cai W, Hong W, Tu J, Wang S, Jiang Q, Bi C, Shan A, Dong N. Oleanolic acid improved intestinal immune function by activating and potentiating bile acids receptor signaling in E. coli-challenged piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:79. [PMID: 38760843 PMCID: PMC11102245 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with pathogenic bacteria during nonantibiotic breeding is one of the main causes of animal intestinal diseases. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that is ubiquitous in plants. Our previous work demonstrated the protective effect of OA on intestinal health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with OA can prevent diarrhea and intestinal immune dysregulation caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in piglets. The key molecular role of bile acid receptor signaling in this process has also been explored. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that OA supplementation alleviated the disturbance of bile acid metabolism in ETEC-infected piglets (P < 0.05). OA supplementation stabilized the composition of the bile acid pool in piglets by regulating the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and significantly increased the contents of UDCA and CDCA in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.05). This may also explain why OA can maintain the stability of the intestinal microbiota structure in ETEC-challenged piglets. In addition, as a natural ligand of bile acid receptors, OA can reduce the severity of intestinal inflammation and enhance the strength of intestinal epithelial cell antimicrobial programs through the bile acid receptors TGR5 and FXR (P < 0.05). Specifically, OA inhibited NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammation by directly activating TGR5 and its downstream cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Furthermore, OA enhanced CDCA-mediated MEK-ERK signaling in intestinal epithelial cells by upregulating the expression of FXR (P < 0.05), thereby upregulating the expression of endogenous defense molecules in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings suggest that OA-mediated regulation of bile acid metabolism plays an important role in the innate immune response, which provides a new diet-based intervention for intestinal diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial infections in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Rujing Cao
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Weichen Hong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Tu
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Wang
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qianzhi Jiang
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
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Cristina Igreja Sá I, Tripska K, Alaei Faradonbeh F, Hroch M, Lastuvkova H, Schreiberova J, Kacerovsky M, Pericacho M, Nachtigal P, Micuda S. Labetalol and soluble endoglin aggravate bile acid retention in mice with ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116422. [PMID: 36778021 PMCID: PMC9909014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Labetalol is used for the therapy of hypertension in preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is characterized by high soluble endoglin (sEng) concentration in plasma and coincides with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (ICP), which threatens the fetus with the toxicity of cumulating bile acids (BA). Therefore, we hypothesized that both labetalol and increased sEng levels worsen BA cumulation in estrogen-induced cholestasis. C57BL/6J, transgenic mice overexpressing human sEng, and their wild-type littermates were administrated with ethinylestradiol (EE, 10 mg/kg s.c., the mice model of ICP) and labetalol (10 mg/kg s.c.) for 5 days with sample collection and analysis. Plasma was also taken from healthy pregnant women and patients with ICP. Administration of labetalol to mice with EE cholestasis aggravated the increase in BA plasma concentrations by induction of hepatic Mrp4 efflux transporter. Labetalol potentiated the increment of sEng plasma levels induced by estrogen. Increased plasma levels of sEng were also observed in patients with ICP. Moreover, increased plasma levels of human sEng in transgenic mice aggravated estrogen-induced cholestasis in labetalol-treated mice and increased BA concentration in plasma via enhanced reabsorption of BAs in the ileum due to the upregulation of the Asbt transporter. In conclusion, we demonstrated that labetalol increases plasma concentrations of BAs in estrogen-induced cholestasis, and sEng aggravates this retention. Importantly, increased sEng levels in experimental and clinical forms of ICPs might present a novel mechanism explaining the coincidence of ICP with preeclampsia. Our data encourage BA monitoring in the plasma of pregnant women with preeclampsia and labetalol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Cristina Igreja Sá
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Katarina Tripska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Hana Lastuvkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jolana Schreiberova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia,*Correspondence: Stanislav Micuda, ; Petr Nachtigal,
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia,*Correspondence: Stanislav Micuda, ; Petr Nachtigal,
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Enhancing Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Ursodeoxycholic Acid with a Spray-Dried pH-Modified Extended Release Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051037. [PMID: 35631622 PMCID: PMC9143058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) has low oral bioavailability and pH-dependent solubility and permeability. Thus, we developed a pH-modified extended-release formulation of UDCA using Na2CO3 as the alkalizing agent and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the release-modifying agent. The optimized pH-modified controlled-release UDCA formulation, with the UDCA:HPMC:Na2CO3 ratio of 200:600:150 (w/w/w), was prepared using a spray-drying method. Then, the formulation’s solubility, dissolution, and pharmacokinetic properties were characterized. In a pH-modified extended-release formulation of UDCA, the solubility of UDCA was increased to 8 mg/mL with a sustained dissolution for 12 h. Additionally, the spray-dried formulation exhibited amorphous states without molecular interaction among UDCA, Na2CO3, and HPMC. Moreover, the plasma UDCA concentration of the formulation maintained a higher UDCA concentration for up to 48 h than that of UDCA itself or the non-extended-release UDCA formulation. Consequently, the formulation significantly increased the AUC compared to UDCA or the non-extended-release UDCA formulation in rats. In conclusion, we have improved UDCA’s solubility and dissolution profile by preparing a pH-modified extended-release formulation with the UDCA:HPMC:Na2CO3 ratio of 200:600:150 (w/w/w), which effectively increased the oral bioavailability of UDCA by 251% in rats.
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Rajšić I, Lazarević S, Đanić M, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Vukmirović S, Mikov M, Goločorbin-Kon S. Plasma Distribution of Methotrexate and Its Polyglutamates in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Preliminary Insights. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:127-134. [PMID: 34637107 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the mainstream therapy of current acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regimens, but frequent intra- and interindividual differences in the clinical response to HD-MTX lead to chemotherapeutic interruption or discontinuation. The exact mechanism of transport across the cell membrane and the disposition of active methotrexate metabolites-methotrexate polyglutamates (MTXPGs)-are not well described in the literature. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the plasma distribution of methotrexate and MTXPGs in pediatric patients with ALL and to clarify the obscure pathways of MTXPGs. METHODS We prospectively measured the concentrations of MTXPG1-7 in plasma samples from three male pediatric patients treated with HD-MTX and leucovorin rescue according to the IC-BFM 2009 protocol using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Blood samples were obtained at 24, 36, 42, and 48 h after the start of HD-MTX treatment. RESULTS Noticeable plasma concentrations of MTXPGs with a 2.2-fold interpatient variability were detected. The highest interindividual variability in total plasma MTXPG concentration was observed at 36 h, and ranged from 13.78 to 30.82 μmol/L. Among all patients, the predominant polyglutamate types in relation to the total plasma MTXPG concentration at each time point were MTXPG3 (16.71-30.02%) and MTXPG5 (26.23-38.60%), while MTXPG7 was the least abundant MTXPG (3.22-5.02%). CONCLUSION The presence of MTXPGs in plasma of patients with ALL could be related to the action of ABC efflux transporters on blood cells and hepatocytes resulting from the administration of high doses of methotrexate. This study may not draw definitive conclusions, but it does reduce uncertainty about the dynamics of methotrexate and its active metabolites, which may be of vital importance for achieving a clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rajšić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Hearing Therapeutics, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Hearing Therapeutics, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Goločorbin-Kon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Gvoic M, Vukmirovic S, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Mikov M, Stankov K. Bile acids as novel enhancers of CNS targeting antitumor drugs: a comprehensive review. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:617-633. [PMID: 33882793 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1916032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a relatively low prevalence of primary brain tumors, they continuously attract scientific interest because of the complexity of their treatment due to their location behind the blood-brain barrier. The main challenge in treatment of brain tumors is not the efficacy of the drugs, per se, but the low efficiency of drug delivery to malignant cells. At the core of the problem is the complex structure of the blood-brain barrier. Nowadays, there is evidence supporting the claim that bile acids have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. That ability can be exploited by taking a part in novel drug carrier designs. Bile acids represent a drug carrier system as a part of a mixed micelle composition, bilosomes and conjugates with various drugs. This review discusses the current knowledge related to bile acid molecules as drug penetration modifying agents, with the focus on central nervous system antitumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Gvoic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sasa Vukmirovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Kang YJ, Lee CH, Park SJ, Lee HS, Choi MK, Song IS. Involvement of Organic Anion Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interaction of Rosmarinic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010083. [PMID: 33435470 PMCID: PMC7828042 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of drug transporters in the pharmacokinetics of rosmarinic acid in rats as well as the transporter-mediated drug interaction potential of rosmarinic acid in HEK293 cells overexpressing clinically important solute carrier transporters and also in rats. Intravenously injected rosmarinic acid showed bi-exponential decay and unchanged rosmarinic acid was mainly eliminated by urinary excretion, suggesting the involvement of transporters in its renal excretion. Rosmarinic acid showed organic anion transporter (OAT)1-mediated active transport with a Km of 26.5 μM and a Vmax of 69.0 pmol/min in HEK293 cells overexpressing OAT1, and the plasma concentrations of rosmarinic acid were increased by the co-injection of probenecid because of decreased renal excretion due to OAT1 inhibition. Rosmarinic acid inhibited the transport activities of OAT1, OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, and OATP1B3 with IC50 values of 60.6 μM, 1.52 μM, 74.8 μM, and 91.3 μM, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on OAT3 transport activity caused an in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction with furosemide by inhibiting its renal excretion and by increasing its plasma concentration. In conclusion, OAT1 and OAT3 are the major transporters that may regulate the pharmacokinetic properties of rosmarinic acid and may cause herb-drug interactions with rosmarinic acid, although their clinical relevance awaits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chul Haeng Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 38610, Korea;
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-K.C.); (I.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1438 (M.-K.C.); +82-53-950-8575 (I.-S.S.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (I.-S.S.)
| | - Im-Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.C.); (I.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1438 (M.-K.C.); +82-53-950-8575 (I.-S.S.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (I.-S.S.)
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Lee S, Kwon M, Choi MK, Song IS. Effects of Red Ginseng Extract on the Pharmacokinetics and Elimination of Methotrexate via Mrp2 Regulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112948. [PMID: 30424502 PMCID: PMC6278279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) on the expression of efflux transporters and to study the pharmacokinetics of representative substrate. For this, rats received single or repeated administration of RGE (1.5 g/kg/day) for 1 and 2 weeks via oral gavage. mRNA and protein levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein2 (Mrp2), bile salt export pump (Bsep), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the rat liver were measured via real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Ginsenosides concentrations from the rat plasma were also monitored using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) system. Plasma concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd following repeated administration of RGE for 1 and 2 weeks were comparable but significantly higher than those after single administration of RGE. These dosing regimens did not induce significant biochemical abnormalities in the liver, kidneys, and lipid homeostasis. In the RGE repeated oral administration groups, the mRNA and protein levels of Mrp2 significantly decreased. Accordingly, we investigated the changes in the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate, a probe substrate for Mrp2, following intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg methotrexate to rats in the RGE 1-week repeated oral administration group, compared to that in the control group. Biliary excretion, but not urinary excretion, of methotrexate decreased in the RGE repeated administration group, compared to that in the control group. Consequently, the plasma concentrations of methotrexate slightly increased in the RGE repeated administration group. In conclusion, repeated administration of RGE for 1 week resulted in a decrease in Mrp2 expression without inducing significant liver or kidney damage. Pharmacokinetic herb–drug interaction between RGE and methotrexate might occur owing to the decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of Mrp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Mihwa Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Korea.
| | - Im-Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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