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Schmidt M, Guerreiro R, Baig N, Habekuß A, Will T, Ruckwied B, Stich B. Fine mapping a QTL for BYDV-PAV resistance in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:163. [PMID: 38896149 PMCID: PMC11186928 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the economically most important virus diseases of cereals worldwide, causing yield losses up to 80%. The means to control BYD are limited, and the use of genetically resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly approach. The objectives of this study were i) to identify the causative gene for BYD virus (BYDV)-PAV resistance in maize, ii) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and/or structural variations in the gene sequences, which may cause differing susceptibilities to BYDV-PAV of maize inbreds, and iii) to characterize the effect of BYDV-PAV infection on gene expression of susceptible, tolerant, and resistant maize inbreds. Using two biparental mapping populations, we could reduce a previously published quantitative trait locus for BYDV-PAV resistance in maize to ~ 0.3 Mbp, comprising nine genes. Association mapping and gene expression analysis further reduced the number of candidate genes for BYDV-PAV resistance in maize to two: Zm00001eb428010 and Zm00001eb428020. The predicted functions of these genes suggest that they confer BYDV-PAV resistance either via interfering with virus replication or by inducing reactive oxygen species signaling. The gene sequence of Zm00001eb428010 is affected by a 54 bp deletion in the 5`-UTR and a protein altering variant in BYDV-PAV-resistant maize inbreds but not in BYDV-PAV-susceptible and -tolerant inbreds. This finding suggests that altered abundance and/or properties of the proteins encoded by Zm00001eb428010 may lead to BYDV-PAV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ricardo Guerreiro
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadia Baig
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antje Habekuß
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Britta Ruckwied
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence On Plant Sciences, From Complex Traits Towards Synthetic Modules, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research On Agricultural Crops, Julius-Kühn Institute, Sanitz, Germany.
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Tian S, Song Q, Zhou W, Wang J, Wang Y, An W, Wu Y, Zhao L. A viral movement protein targets host catalases for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation to facilitate viral infection and aphid transmission in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:614-630. [PMID: 38454602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The infection of host plants by many different viruses causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and yellowing symptoms, but the mechanisms through which plant viruses counteract ROS-mediated immunity to facilitate infection and symptom development have not been fully elucidated. Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors in the field, but the molecular mechanisms underlying virus‒host-insect interactions are unclear. In this study, we investigated the interactions among wheat, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and its aphid vector and found that the BYDV movement protein (MP) interacts with both wheat catalases (CATs) and the 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 homolog (PSMD2) to facilitate the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of CATs, promoting viral infection, disease symptom development, and aphid transmission. Overexpression of the BYDV MP gene in wheat enhanced the degradation of CATs, which leading to increased accumulation of ROS and thereby enhanced viral infection. Interestingly, transgenic wheat lines overexpressing BYDV MP showed significantly reduced proliferation of wingless aphids and an increased number of winged aphids. Consistent with this observation, silencing of CAT genes also enhanced viral accumulation and reduced the proliferation of wingless aphids but increased the occurrence of winged aphids. In contrast, transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaCAT1 exhibited the opposite changes and showed increases in grain size and weight upon infection with BYDV. Biochemical assays demonstrated that BYDV MP interacts with PSMD2 and promotes 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of TaCAT1 likely in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Collectively, our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which a plant virus manipulates the ROS production system of host plants to facilitate viral infection and transmission, shedding new light on the sophisticated interactions among viruses, host plants, and insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingting Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei An
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Li B, Zhang J, Tian P, Gao X, Song X, Pan X, Wu Y. Cytological, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Leaf Color Mutant Yellow Leaf 20 ( yl20) in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38592960 PMCID: PMC10974653 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in plants. We discovered a novel eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) mutant yl20 (yellow leaf 20) that exhibits yellow leaves. In this study, we compared the leaves of the mutant yl20 and wild type (WT) plants for cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that the mutant yl20 exhibits abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and lower photosynthetic efficiency compared to the WT. Transcriptome data indicated 3267 and 478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and yl20 lines in the cotyledon and euphylla stages, respectively, where most DEGs were downregulated in the yl20. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed the "plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex" and the "chloroplast-related" terms were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the significantly enriched DEGs were involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. We speculated that these DEGs involved in significant terms were closely related to the leaf color development of the mutant yl20. Our results provide a possible explanation for the altered phenotype of leaf color mutants in eggplant and lay a theoretical foundation for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Peng Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiurui Gao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xue Song
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiuqing Pan
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanrong Wu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Liao H, Wen X, Deng X, Wu Y, Xu J, Li X, Zhou S, Li X, Zhu C, Luo F, Ma Y, Zheng J. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal significant changes in chloroplasts and mitochondria of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during Sclerotium rolfsii infection. J Microbiol 2022; 60:511-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fu M, Zhou Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Zheng J, Huang X, Wang L, Ye J, Zhang W, Liao Y, Xu F. Comparative transcriptome and microbial community sequencing provide insight into yellow-leaf phenotype of Camellia japonica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:416. [PMID: 34507525 PMCID: PMC8431858 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color variation is a common trait in plants and widely distributed in many plants. In this study, a leaf color mutation in Camellia japonica (cultivar named as Maguxianzi, M) was used as material, and the mechanism of leaf color variation was revealed by physiological, cytological, transcriptome and microbiome analyses. RESULTS The yellowing C. japonica (M) exhibits lower pigment content than its parent (cultivar named as Huafurong, H), especially chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid, and leaves of M have weaker photosynthesis. Subsequently, the results of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) exhibited that M chloroplast was accompanied by broken thylakoid membrane, degraded thylakoid grana, and filled with many vesicles. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome sequencing identified 3,298 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG annotation analysis results showed that 69 significantly enriched DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction. On this basis, we sequenced the microbial diversity of the H and M leaves. The sequencing results suggested that the abundance of Didymella in the M leaves was significantly higher than that in the H leaves, which meant that M leaves might be infected by Didymella. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we speculated that Didymella infected M leaves while reduced Chl and carotenoid content by damaging chloroplast structures, and altered the intensity of photosynthesis, thereby causing the leaf yellowing phenomenon of C. japonica (M). This research will provide new insights into the leaf color variation mechanism and lay a theoretical foundation for plant breeding and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- Department of Forestry Ecology, Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Forestry Ecology, Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, 430415 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Xinru Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025 Jingzhou, Hubei China
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Qiu S, Chen X, Zhai Y, Cui W, Ai X, Rao S, Chen J, Yan F. Downregulation of Light-Harvesting Complex II Induces ROS-Mediated Defense Against Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690988. [PMID: 34290685 PMCID: PMC8287655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex protein 3 (LHCB3) of photosystem II plays important roles distributing the excitation energy and modulating the rate of state transition and stomatal response to abscisic acid. However, the functions of LHCB3 in plant immunity have not been well investigated. Here, we show that the expression of LHCB3 in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbLHCB3) was down-regulated by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection. When NbLHCB3 was silenced by tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, systemic infection of TuMV was inhibited. H2O2 was over-accumulated in NbLHCB3-silenced plants. Chemical treatment to inhibit or eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) impaired the resistance of the NbLHCB3-silenced plants to TuMV infection. Co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes involved in ROS production compromised the resistance of plants to TuMV but co-silencing of NbLHCB3 with genes in the ROS scavenging pathway increased resistance to the virus. Transgenic plants overexpressing NbLHCB3 were more susceptible to TuMV. These results indicate that downregulation of NbLHCB3 is involved in defense against TuMV by inducing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yushan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Chen S, Han X, Yang L, Li Q, Shi Y, Li H, Chen L, Sun B, Shi Y, Yang X. Identification and functional analyses of host factors interacting with the 17-kDa protein of Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8453. [PMID: 33875710 PMCID: PMC8055683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) cause significant economic losses on barley, wheat, and oats worldwide. 17-kDa protein (17K) of BYDVs plays a key role in viral infection in plants, whereas the underlying regulation mechanism of 17K in virus infection remains elusive. In this study, we determined that 17K of BYDV-GAV, the most common species found in China in recent years, was involved in viral pathogenicity. To identify the host factors interacting with 17K, the full length coding sequence of 17K was cloned into pGBKT7 to generate the bait plasmid pGBKT7-17K. 114 positive clones were identified as possible host factors to interact with 17K through screening a tobacco cDNA library. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that they were classified into 35 functional groups, involving three main categories including biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis indicated the acquired genes were assigned to 49 KEGG pathways. The majority of these genes were involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The interactions between 17K and the 27 proteins with well-documented annotations were verified by conducting yeast two-hybrid assays and 12 of the 27 proteins were verified to interact with 17K. To explore the putative function of the 12 proteins in BYDV-GAV infection, the subcellular localization and expression alterations in the presence of BYDV-GAV were monitored. The results showed that, under the condition of BYDV-GAV infection, RuBisCo, POR, and PPD5 were significantly up-regulated, whereas AEP and CAT1 were significantly down-regulated. Our findings provide insights into the 17K-mediated BYDV-GAV infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qinglun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030412. [PMID: 33807625 PMCID: PMC7999175 DOI: 10.3390/v13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several billion dollars in losses every year. Many viruses infecting several crops have been described in the literature; however, new infectious viruses are emerging frequently through outbreaks. For the effective treatment and prevention of viral diseases, there is great demand for new techniques that can provide accurate identification on the causative agents. With the advancements in biochemical and molecular biology techniques, several diagnostic methods with improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of prevalent and/or unknown plant viruses are being continuously developed. Currently, serological and nucleic acid methods are the most widely used for plant viral diagnosis. Nucleic acid-based techniques that amplify target DNA/RNA have been evolved with many variants. However, there is growing interest in developing techniques that can be based in real-time and thus facilitate in-field diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based innovative methods have shown great potential to detect multiple viruses simultaneously; however, such techniques are in the preliminary stages in plant viral disease diagnostics. This review discusses the recent progress in the use of NGS-based techniques for the detection, diagnosis, and identification of plant viral diseases. New portable devices and technologies that could provide real-time analyses in a relatively short period of time are prime important for in-field diagnostics. Current development and application of such tools and techniques along with their potential limitations in plant virology are likewise discussed in detail.
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Shen C, Wei C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhong Q, Li Y, Bai B, Wu Y. Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV-derived vsiRNAs are involved in the production of wheat leaf yellowing symptoms by targeting chlorophyll synthase. Virol J 2020; 17:158. [PMID: 33087133 PMCID: PMC7576850 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat yellow dwarf virus disease is infected by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which causes leaf yellowing and dwarfing symptoms in wheat, thereby posing a serious threat to China's food production. The infection of plant viruses can produce large numbers of vsiRNAs, which can target host transcripts and cause symptom development. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the role played by vsiRNAs in the interaction between BYDV-GAV and host wheat plants. METHODS In this study, small RNA sequencing was conducted to profile vsiRNAs in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. The putative targets of vsiRNAs were predicted by the bioinformatics software psRNATarget. RT-qPCR and VIGS were employed to identify the function of selected target transcripts. To confirm the interaction between vsiRNA and the target, 5' RACE was performed to analyze the specific cleavage sites. RESULTS From the sequencing data, we obtained a total of 11,384 detected vsiRNAs. The length distribution of these vsiRNAs was mostly 21 and 22 nt, and an A/U bias was observed at the 5' terminus. We also observed that the production region of vsiRNAs had no strand polarity. The vsiRNAs were predicted to target 23,719 wheat transcripts. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that these targets were mostly involved in cell components, catalytic activity and plant-pathogen interactions. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that most chloroplast-related genes were downregulated in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. Silencing of a chlorophyll synthase gene caused leaf yellowing that was similar to the symptoms exhibited by BYDV-GAV-inoculated wheat plants. A vsiRNA from an overlapping region of BYDV-GAV MP and CP was observed to target chlorophyll synthase for gene silencing. Next, 5' RACE validated that vsiRNA8856 could cleave the chlorophyll synthase transcript in a sequence-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to demonstrate that BYDV-GAV-derived vsiRNAs can target wheat transcripts for symptom development, and the results of this study help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf yellowing after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Caiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qinrong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Knockout of the S-acyltransferase Gene, PbPAT14, Confers the Dwarf Yellowing Phenotype in First Generation Pear by ABA Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246347. [PMID: 31888281 PMCID: PMC6941133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of dwarf fruit trees with smaller and compact characteristics leads to significantly increased fruit production, which is a major objective of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) breeding. We identified the S-acylation activity of PbPAT14, an S-acyltransferase gene related to plant development, using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) complementation assay, and also PbPAT14 could rescue the growth defect of the Arabidopsis mutant atpat14. We further studied the function of PbPAT14 by designing three guide RNAs for PbPAT14 to use in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We obtained 22 positive transgenic pear lines via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using cotyledons from seeds of Pyrus betulifolia (‘Duli’). Six of these lines exhibited the dwarf yellowing phenotype and were homozygous mutations according to sequencing analysis. Ultrastructure analysis suggested that this dwarfism was manifested by shorter, thinner stems due to a reduction in cell number. A higher level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and a higher transcript level of the ABA pathway genes in the mutant lines revealed that the PbPAT14 function was related to the ABA pathway. Overall, our experimental results increase the understanding of how PATs function in plants and help elucidate the mechanism of plant dwarfism.
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Farooq T, Liu D, Zhou X, Yang Q. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:521-529. [PMID: 31632226 PMCID: PMC6788413 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2019.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is a species of the widespread geminiviruses. The infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) causes a reduction in photosynthetic activity, which is part of the viral symptoms. βC1 is a viral factor encoded by the betasatellite DNA (DNAβ) accompanying TYLCCNV. It is a major viral pathogenicity factor of TYLCCNV. To elucidate the effect of βC1 on plants' photosynthesis, we measured the relative chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence in TYLCCNV-infected and βC1 transgenic N. benthamiana plants. The results showed that Chl content is reduced in TYLCCNV A-infected, TYLCCNV A plus DNAβ (TYLCCNV A + β)-infected and βC1 transgenic plants. Further, changes in Chl fluorescence parameters, such as electron transport rate, F v /F m , NPQ, and qP, revealed that photosynthetic efficiency is compromised in the aforementioned N. benthamiana plants. The presense of βC1 aggravated the decrease of Chl content and photosynthetic efficiency during viral infection. Additionally, the real-time quantitative PCR analysis of oxygen evolving complex genes in photosystem II, such as PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR, showed a significant reduction of the relative expression of these genes at the late stage of TYLCCNV A + β infection and at the vegetative stage of βC1 transgenic N. benthamiana plants. In summary, this study revealed the pathogenicity of TYLCCNV in photosynthesis and disclosed the effect of βC1 in exacerbating the damage in photosynthesis efficiency by TYLCCNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Farooq
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Dandan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193,
China
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Qiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193,
China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062,
China
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12
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Plant Defense Genes against Biotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082446. [PMID: 30126226 PMCID: PMC6121480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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