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Muccioli S, Brillo V, Varanita T, Rossin F, Zaltron E, Velle A, Alessio G, Angi B, Severin F, Tosi A, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Falasca L, Checchetto V, Ciaccio R, Fascì A, Chieregato L, Rebelo AP, Giacomello M, Rosato A, Szabò I, Romualdi C, Piacentini M, Leanza L. Transglutaminase Type 2-MITF axis regulates phenotype switching in skin cutaneous melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:704. [PMID: 37898636 PMCID: PMC10613311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its high heterogeneity that drives tumor aggressiveness. Melanoma plasticity consists of two distinct phenotypic states that co-exist in the tumor niche, the proliferative and the invasive, respectively associated with a high and low expression of MITF, the master regulator of melanocyte lineage. However, despite efforts, melanoma research is still far from exhaustively dissecting this phenomenon. Here, we discovered a key function of Transglutaminase Type-2 (TG2) in regulating melanogenesis by modulating MITF transcription factor expression and its transcriptional activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that TG2 expression affects melanoma invasiveness, highlighting its positive value in SKCM. These results suggest that TG2 may have implications in the regulation of the phenotype switching by promoting melanoma differentiation and impairing its metastatic potential. Our findings offer potential perspectives to unravel melanoma vulnerabilities via tuning intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Fascì
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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In KR, Kang MA, Kim SD, Shin J, Kang SU, Park TJ, Kim SJ, Lee JS. Anhydrous Alum Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis by Down-Regulating MITF via Dual Modulation of CREB and ERK. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14662. [PMID: 37834109 PMCID: PMC10572554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis, the intricate process of melanin synthesis, is central to skin pigmentation and photoprotection and is regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. To develop potential skin-whitening agents, we used B16F1 melanoma cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of anhydrous alum on melanogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Anhydrous alum (KAl(SO4)2) with high purity (>99%), which is generated through the heat-treatment of hydrated alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) at 400 °C, potentiates a significant reduction in melanin content without cytotoxicity. Anhydrous alum downregulates the master regulator of melanogenesis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which targets key genes involved in melanogenesis, thereby inhibiting α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis. Phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein, which acts as a co-activator of MITF gene expression, is attenuated by anhydrous alum, resulting in compromised MITF transcription. Notably, anhydrous alum promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, leading to the impaired nuclear localization of MITF. Overall, these results demonstrated the generation and mode of action of anhydrous alum in B16F1 cells, which constitutes a promising option for cosmetic or therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ree In
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Dong Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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3
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Alfredo MG, Maribel PM, Eloy PR, Susana GE, Luis LGS, Carmen GM. Depigmenting topical therapy based on a synergistic combination of compounds targeting the key pathways involved in melasma pathophysiology. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:611-619. [PMID: 36682042 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Melasma has a complex pathophysiology with different cell types and signalling pathways involved. Paracrine factors secreted by keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells act on melanocytes and stimulate melanogenesis. These paracrine factors are involved in the oxidative stress, inflammatory, vascular and hormonal pathways, among others. Damage of the dermoepidermal barrier also occurs and facilitates melanin deposition in the dermis, also known as dermal or mixed melasma. We used artificial intelligence tools to define the best combination of compounds for skin pigmentation inhibition. Mathematical models suggested the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid to be the most effective one. In vitro cellular tyrosinase activity assay proved that this combination had a synergistic depigmenting effect. Further assays proved that the combination could inhibit key pathways involved in melasma by downregulating ET-1 and COX-2 gene expression and IBMX-induced dendricity in human melanocytes, and upregulated the gene expression of IL-1b, TIMP3 and several endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The combination also reduced melanin levels in a phototype VI 3D epidermis model. These results indicate that the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid is an effective synergistic complex for the treatment of melasma by regulating the key molecular pathways involved in skin hyperpigmentation pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis G S Luis
- Medical Unit, Mesoestetic Pharma Group, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang JY, Xie XY, Deng Y, Yang HQ, Du XS, Liu P, Du Y. Licorice zinc suppresses melanogenesis via inhibiting the activation of P38MAPK and JNK signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice skin. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e371002. [PMID: 36542040 PMCID: PMC9762428 DOI: 10.1590/acb371002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The active melanocytes in the skin were affected by hormones and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Licorice zinc has a whitening effect, which may have a prominent potential in the treatment of pigmented skin disease. METHODS Modeling chloasma C57BL/6J mice by daily progesterone injection (15 mg/kg) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (λ = 312 nm, 2 h/day) for 30 days. Then, mice were given 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 (g/kg) of licorice zinc and tranexamic acid 250 mg daily by oral administration for 14 days, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Fontana-Masson staining, and Western blotting (WB) were performed to test the inhibitory of melanogenesis and activation of c-Jun-N-terminal (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) for licorice zinc. Melanogenesis was induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro. Cell counting kit-8, melanin content determination, and WB were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of licorice zinc on melanogenesis. RESULTS The present study showed that licorice zinc decreased melanin formation, cutaneous tissue injury, and the phosphorylation of JNK and P38MAPK, which was caused by UVB irradiation in vivo. In vitro, licorice zinc showed opposite effects from JNK/p38 activator. Meanwhile, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were decreased too. CONCLUSIONS Licorice zinc induced a decrease in melanin synthesis by inhibiting the JNK and the P38MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting licorice zinc is a potential agent of anti-chloasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yan Wang
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-yu Xie
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-qiu Yang
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-shuang Du
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Du
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China.,Corresponding author:
- (86 18) 283013023
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Prasedya ES, Padmi H, Ilhami BTK, Martyasari NWR, Sunarwidhi AL, Widyastuti S, Khairinisa MA, Cokrowati N, Simangunsong EE, Frediansyah A. Brown Macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Cellular Oxygen Stress in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:8585. [PMID: 36500679 PMCID: PMC9741006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown macroalgae Sargassum has been reported for its anti-UV and photoprotective potential for industrial applications. This study evaluated the melanin inhibition activity of Sargassum cristaefolium (SCE) ethanol extract. Melanogenesis inhibition by SCE was assessed in vitro with B16-F10 melanoma cell models and in silico against melanin regulatory proteins Tyrosinase (TYR) and Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R). The regulatory properties evaluated were the melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity and cellular antioxidant activities. In addition, the bioactive compounds detected in SCE were subjected to molecular docking against TYR and MC1R. Based on the results, 150 µg/mL SCE effectively inhibited the production of melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Cellular tyrosinase activity was reduced by SCE-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results were comparable to the standard tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid. In addition, SCE effectively decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in B16-F10 cells. The antioxidant properties may also contribute to the inhibition of melanogenesis. In addition, LCMS UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS profiling detected 33 major compounds. The results based on in silico study revealed that the bioactive compound putative kaurenoic acid showed a strong binding affinity against TYR (-6.5 kcal/mol) and MC1R (-8.6 kcal/mol). However, further molecular analyses are needed to confirm the mechanism of SCE on melanin inhibition. Nevertheless, SCE is proposed as an anti-melanogenic and antioxidant agent, which could be further developed into cosmetic skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Hasriaton Padmi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Widyastuti
- Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nunik Cokrowati
- Aquaculture Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | | | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Wonosari 55861, Indonesia
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Li Z, Li Q, Xu C, Yu H. Molecular characterization of Pax7 and its role in melanin synthesis in Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110720. [PMID: 35176460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The paired-box 7 (Pax7) is a transcription factor crucial for skin color polymorphism. However, the mechanism underlying the pigmentation associated with Pax7 in mollusks have yet to be elucidated. In this study, the cDNA sequence of Pax7 in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (CgPax7) was characterized. Phylogenetically, the identity of deduced amino acid sequence was similar to that of other mollusks and contained 463 amino acids, with conserved features of paired domain (PRD), homeobox domain (HD) and octapeptide. Gene expression analysis revealed that CgPax7 was markedly increased at D-shaped larvae stage and ubiquitously expressed in six examined tissues in adult oyster. The result of whole-mount in situ hybridization (WMISH) showed a restricted pattern of CgPax7 expression on margins of shell valves at D-shaped and umbo larvae stages. Additionally, although CgPax7 silencing had no significant effect on CgMitf expression, it significantly inhibited the expressions of CgPax7, CgTyr, CgTyrp1, CgTyrp2 and CgCdk2, genes involved in Tyr-mediated melanin synthesis. Furthermore, CgPax7 knockdown obviously decreased the tyrosinase activity. Less brown-granules at mantle edge was detected by micrographic examination and melanosomes defect was observed by transmission electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that CgPax7 play a key role in melanin synthesis by regulating Tyr-pathway in C. gigas. These findings indicated the potential framework by which mollusks pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Chengxun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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7
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The Ethanol Extract of Musa sapientum Linn. Peel Inhibits Melanogenesis through AKT Signaling Pathway. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation caused by melanin overproduction can be induced by UV radiation. The quest for effective depigmenting agents continues because many anti-melanin agents have restricted use and/or produce side-effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of Musa sapientum Linn. (AA group) peel ethanol extracts (MPE) on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin production. In addition, the molecular mechanism related to this process was examined in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results indicated that MPE remarkably inhibited melanogenesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expressions were suppressed by MPE in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MPE significantly decreased the expression of melanosome transfer protein markers (Rab27a and Pmel17) in a dose-dependent manner. This study found that the elevated phosphorylation of AKT in the B16F10 cells was diminished by MPE treatment. Furthermore, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and p62 (autophagy markers) were affected after the B16F10 cells were treated with MPE. This study demonstrated that MPE might be an effective agent for anti-melanogenesis through the AKT pathway, subsequently diminishing MITF expression and tyrosinase enzyme family production. The findings indicated that MPE could potentially serve as a depigmenting agent in cosmeceuticals.
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Amarakoon D, Lou Z, Lee WJ, Smolensky D, Lee SH. A mechanistic review: potential chronic disease-preventive properties of sorghum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2641-2649. [PMID: 33179254 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is one of the most widely cultivated crops, and is used in foods, domestic animal feedstuffs, alcohol production, and biofuels. Recently, many research groups have demonstrated that sorghum contains various components that are strongly associated with the prevention of major human chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and inflammation. However, to use sorghum more widely as a food for the potential prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases, more studies will be required to elucidate the biological mechanisms. In this review paper, we highlight multiple findings to propose a mechanistic link between sorghum consumption and reduced risk of chronic diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshika Amarakoon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wu-Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dmitriy Smolensky
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Kim AJ, Park JE, Cho YH, Lim DS, Lee JS. Effect of 7-Methylsulfinylheptyl Isothiocyanate on the Inhibition of Melanogenesis in B16-F1 Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020162. [PMID: 33672463 PMCID: PMC7923422 DOI: 10.3390/life11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging, characterized by hyperpigmentation, inflammation, wrinkles, and skin cancer, is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors with synergistic effects. Autophagy maintains the homeostatic balance between the degradation, synthesis, and recycling of cellular proteins and organelles, and plays important roles in several cellular and biological processes, including aging. The compound 7-methylsulfinylheptyl isothiocyanate (7-MSI) is a sulfur-containing phytochemical produced by various plants, particularly cruciferous vegetables, with reported anti-inflammatory properties and a role in pathogen defense; however, its effects on skin whitening have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of 7-MSI on skin whitening and autophagy in cultured murine melanoma (B16-F1) cells. Western blotting was used to evaluate the impact of 7-MSI on melanogenesis-, tyrosinase-, and autophagy-associated proteins. The levels of the melanogenesis-associated protein’s microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 were decreased by treatment with 7-MSI under melanogenesis induction. Melanin synthesis also decreased by approximately 63% after treatment with 7-MSI for 73 h, compared with that non-treated controls. In addition, autophagosome formation and the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins mTOR, p-mTOR, Beclin-1, Atg12, and LC3 were higher in 7-MSI-treated B16-F1 cells than in non-treated cells. These results indicate that 7-MSI can inhibit melanin synthesis in B16-F1 cells by suppressing melanogenesis and autophagy activation and thus can potentially be used as a novel multifunctional cosmetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (A.-J.K.); (J.E.P.); (Y.H.C.); (D.S.L.)
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (A.-J.K.); (J.E.P.); (Y.H.C.); (D.S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Yeong Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (A.-J.K.); (J.E.P.); (Y.H.C.); (D.S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Do Sung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (A.-J.K.); (J.E.P.); (Y.H.C.); (D.S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (A.-J.K.); (J.E.P.); (Y.H.C.); (D.S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6665
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Suppression of Pax3-MITF-M Axis Protects from UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Tetrahydroquinoline Carboxamide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249631. [PMID: 33348800 PMCID: PMC7766340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired box gene 3 (Pax3) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) directly interact with the cis-acting elements on the promoter of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform M (MITF-M) for transcriptional activation in the melanogenic process. Tyrosinase (Tyro) is a target gene of MITF-M, and functions as a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. Tetrahydroquinoline carboxamide (THQC) was previously screened as an antimelanogenic candidate. In the current study, we evaluated the antimelanogenic activity of THQC in vivo and elucidated a possible mechanism. Topical treatment with THQC mitigated ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin pigmentation in guinea pig with decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of melanogenic genes such as MITF-M and Tyro. Moreover, THQC inhibited cAMP-induced melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)- or histamine-activated B16-F0 cells, in which it suppressed the expression of the MITF-M gene at the promoter level. As a mechanism, THQC normalized the protein levels of Pax3, a transcriptional activator of the MITF-M gene, in UVB-exposed and pigmented skin, as well as in α-MSH-activated B16-F0 culture. However, THQC did not affect UVB- or α-MSH-induced phosphorylation (activation) of CREB. The results suggest that suppression of the Pax3–MITF-M axis might be a potential strategy in the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders that are at high risk under UVB radiation.
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11
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Qian W, Liu W, Zhu D, Cao Y, Tang A, Gong G, Su H. Natural skin-whitening compounds for the treatment of melanogenesis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:173-185. [PMID: 32509007 PMCID: PMC7271691 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process for the production of melanin, which is the primary cause of human skin pigmentation. Skin-whitening agents are commercially available for those who wish to have a lighter skin complexions. To date, although numerous natural compounds have been proposed to alleviate hyperpigmentation, insufficient attention has been focused on potential natural skin-whitening agents and their mechanism of action from the perspective of compound classification. In the present article, the synthetic process of melanogenesis and associated core signaling pathways are summarized. An overview of the list of natural skin-lightening agents, along with their compound classifications, is also presented, where their efficacy based on their respective mechanisms of action on melanogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Anfu Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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12
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Pei S, Chen J, Lu J, Hu S, Jiang L, Lei L, Ouyang Y, Fu C, Ding Y, Li S, Kang L, Huang L, Xiang H, Xiao R, Zeng Q, Huang J. The Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Negatively Regulates Melanogenesis in Melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:152-163.e5. [PMID: 31276678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA UCA1 was first discovered in bladder cancer and is known to regulate the proliferation and migration of melanoma. However, its role in melanogenesis is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of UCA1 in melanogenesis. Our findings showed that the expression of UCA1 was negatively correlated with melanin content in melanocytes and pigmented nevus. Overexpression of UCA1 in melanocytes decreased melanin content and the expression of melanogenesis-related genes, whereas knockdown of UCA1 in melanocytes had the opposite effect. High-throughput sequencing revealed that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), an important transcription factor affecting melanogenesis, was also negatively correlated with the expression of UCA1. Furthermore, the transcription factor CRE-binding protein (CREB), which promotes MITF expression, was negatively regulated by UCA1. The cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, which are upstream of the CREB/MITF/melanogenesis axis, were activated or inhibited in response to silencing or enhancing UCA1 expression, respectively. In addition, enhanced UCA1 expression downregulates the expression of melanogenesis-related genes induced by UVB in melanocytes. In conclusion, UCA1 may negatively regulate the CREB/MITF/melanogenesis axis through inhibiting the cAMP/PKA, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways in melanocytes. UCA1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pigmented skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Yu F, Qu B, Lin D, Deng Y, Huang R, Zhong Z. Pax3 Gene Regulated Melanin Synthesis by Tyrosinase Pathway in Pteria penguin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123700. [PMID: 30469474 PMCID: PMC6321176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paired-box 3 (Pax3) is a transcription factor and it plays an important part in melanin synthesis. In this study, a new Pax3 gene was identified from Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (P. penguin) by RACE-PCR (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction) and its effect on melanin synthesis was deliberated by RNA interference (RNAi). The cDNA of PpPax3 was 2250 bp long, containing an open reading fragment of 1365 bp encoding 455 amino acids. Amino acid alignment and phylogenetic tree showed PpPax3 shared the highest (69.2%) identity with Pax3 of Mizuhopecten yessoensis. Tissue expression profile showed that PpPax3 had the highest expression in mantle, a nacre-formation related tissue. The PpPax3 silencing significantly inhibited the expression of PpPax3, PpMitf, PpTyr and PpCdk2, genes involved in Tyr-mediated melanin synthesis, but had no effect on PpCreb2 and an increase effect on PpBcl2. Furthermore, the PpPax3 knockdown obviously decreased the tyrosinase activity, the total content of eumelanin and the proportion of PDCA (pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) in eumelanin, consistent with influence of tyrosinase (Tyr) knockdown. These data indicated that PpPax3 played an important regulating role in melanin synthesis by Tyr pathway in P. penguin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Bingliang Qu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Ronglian Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, 40 East Jiefang Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
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