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Gomez R, Tejada MÁ, Rodríguez-García V, Burgués O, Santos-Llamas AI, Martínez-Massa A, Marín-Montes A, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Histological Grade and Tumor Stage Are Correlated with Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa b (Rank) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031742. [PMID: 35163671 PMCID: PMC8836022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) is becoming recognized as a master regulator of tumorigenesis, yet its role in gynecological cancers remains mostly unexplored. We investigated whether there is a gradation of RANK protein and mRNA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) according to malignancy and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical expression of RANK was examined in a cohort of 135 (benign n = 29, borderline n= 23 and malignant n = 83) EOCs. Wild type and truncated RANK mRNA isoform quantification was performed in a cohort of 168 (benign n = 26, borderline n = 13 and malignant n = 129) EOCs. RANK protein and mRNA values were increased in malignant vs. benign or borderline conditions across serous, mucinous and endometrioid cancer subtypes. Additionally, a trend of increased RANK values with staging was observed for the mucinous and serous histotype. Thus, increased expression of RANK appears associated with the evolution of disease to the onset of malignancy in EOC. Moreover, in some EOC histotypes, RANK expression is additionally associated with clinicopathological markers of tumor aggressiveness, suggesting a role in further progression of tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gomez
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Miguel Á. Tejada
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Víctor Rodríguez-García
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Santos-Llamas
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Andrea Martínez-Massa
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio Marín-Montes
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Juan J. Tarín
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology, and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.C.)
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Maas M, Rausch S, Guttenberg T, Seiler R, Hennenlotter J, Oo HZ, Fazli L, Kühs U, Gakis G, Stenzl A, Schwentner C, Black PC, Todenhöfer T. Receptor Activator of NF Kappa B (RANK) Expression Indicates Favorable Prognosis in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 8:718-727. [PMID: 33962883 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of NF kappa B (RANK) and its ligand have an essential role in T-cell regulation and the development of bone metastases. The role of RANK expression in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the relevance of RANK expression in patients with MIBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Expression of RANK was assessed via immunohistochemistry of benign urothelium, MIBC tissue, and lymph node metastases from 153 patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed for potential associations with molecular subtypes and outcome. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RANK expression was correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and to individual data for the clinical course of MIBC. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Expression of RANK was significantly higher in both primary tumors (p = 0.02) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.01) compared to normal urothelium. In tumor tissue, RANK expression was significantly lower in patients with locally advanced disease and lymph node involvement compared to those with organ-confined disease (p = 0.0009) and node-negative MIBC (p = 0.0002). In univariable and multivariable analyses, high expression of RANK was associated with a longer time to recurrence (p = 0.0005 and 0.01) and better cancer-specific (p = 0.0004 and 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.002 and 0.04). High expression of RANK was associated with better outcome for patients with luminal infiltrated tumors in the TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS RANK expression is increased in bladder cancer tissue compared to benign urothelium, with higher expression in organ-defined compared to locally advanced disease. High RANK expression indicates a favorable prognosis in MIBC. The prognostic role differs in tumors of different molecular subtypes. PATIENT SUMMARY Expression of a protein involved in bone turnover regulation (RANK) is higher in bladder cancer tissue than in benign bladder tissue. However, high levels of RANK on tumor cells indicate favorable prognosis for patients with bladder cancer that invades the muscle layer of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Roland Seiler
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ursula Kühs
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Gakis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Clinical Trials Unit, Studienpraxis Urologie, Nürtingen, Germany.
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Hidalgo-Mora JJ, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Ovarian steroids and cancer: news on the breast, questions on the reproductive tract. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:383-384. [PMID: 33825589 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1904871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Hidalgo-Mora
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Gregori E, Rodríguez-García V, Martínez J, Burgués O, Tarín JJ, Cano A, Gómez R. Differential expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B in healthy endometrium, ovarian endometrioma, and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:279-281. [PMID: 31765641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia Gregori
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Víctor Rodríguez-García
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Jessica Martínez
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology, and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain 46100; Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 46010; Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010.
| | - Raúl Gómez
- Research Unit on Women's Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain 46010; Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 46010
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Zhang J, Xu R, Wu L, Jiang J. Expression and function of Toll‑like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3565-3572. [PMID: 31485664 PMCID: PMC6755152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are involved in non‑specific immunity. In the present study, the roles of TLRs in AS were investigated. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The expression levels of TLRs and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling‑associated factors were determined via RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses. It was observed that the levels of interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), C‑reactive protein, TLR4 and TLR5 were increased in patients with AS, whereas those of IL‑10 and TLR3 were decreased. Pomalidomide, a TNF‑α release inhibitor, reduced the expression of IL‑6, TNF‑α, TLR4, TLR5 and phosphorylated‑p65, and upregulated that of IL‑10, TLR3 and p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AS. Treatment of patients with infliximab, an anti‑TNF‑α monoclonal antibody, induced similar effects in vivo. In conclusion, it was revealed that inhibition of TNF‑α suppressed inflammatory responses in patients with AS, increased the expression of TLR3 and decreased NF‑κB signaling, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR5. The results indicated that TLRs and the NF‑κB signaling pathway were involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in AS. These findings provided insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of AS and potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Rongming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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