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Jiao Y, Hao L, Xia P, Cheng Y, Song J, Chen X, Wang Z, Ma Z, Zheng S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Yu H. Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Pig Growth Performance in the Pituitaries of Bama Minipigs and Landrace Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3058. [PMID: 36359184 PMCID: PMC9657654 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig growth performance is one of the criteria for judging pork production and is influenced by genotype and external environmental factors such as feeding conditions. The growth performance of miniature pigs, such as Bama minipigs, differs considerably from that of the larger body size pigs, such as Landrace pigs, and can be regarded as good models in pig growth studies. In this research, we identified differentially expressed genes in the pituitary gland of Bama minipigs and Landrace pigs. Through the pathway enrichment analysis, we screened the growth-related pathways and the genes enriched in the pathways and established the protein-protein interaction network. The RNAHybrid algorithm was used to predict the interaction between differentially expressed microRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Four regulatory pathways (Y-82-ULK1/CDKN1A, miR-4334-5p-STAT3/PIK3R1/RPS6KA3/CAB39L, miR-4331-SCR/BCL2L1, and miR-133a-3p-BCL2L1) were identified via quantitative real-time PCR to detect the expression and correlation of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs. In conclusion, we revealed potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks associated with pig growth performance in the pituitary glands of Bama minipigs and Landrace pigs, which may help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of growth differences in pigs of different body sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Peijun Xia
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ze Ma
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, SCAU-Alltech Research Joint Alliance, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
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2
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Hou H, Chan C, Yuki KE, Sokolowski D, Roy A, Qu R, Uusküla-Reimand L, Faykoo-Martinez M, Hudson M, Corre C, Goldenberg A, Zhang Z, Palmert MR, Wilson MD. Postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary gland. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:57. [PMID: 36221127 PMCID: PMC9552479 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pituitary gland regulates essential physiological processes such as growth, pubertal onset, stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. While sex biases in these functions and hormone production have been described, the underlying identity, temporal deployment, and cell-type specificity of sex-biased pituitary gene regulatory networks are not fully understood. METHODS To capture sex differences in pituitary gene regulation dynamics during postnatal development, we performed 3' untranslated region sequencing and small RNA sequencing to ascertain gene and microRNA expression, respectively, across five postnatal ages (postnatal days 12, 22, 27, 32, 37) that span the pubertal transition in female and male C57BL/6J mouse pituitaries (n = 5-6 biological replicates for each sex at each age). RESULTS We observed over 900 instances of sex-biased gene expression and 17 sex-biased microRNAs, with the majority of sex differences occurring with puberty. Using miRNA-gene target interaction databases, we identified 18 sex-biased genes that were putative targets of 5 sex-biased microRNAs. In addition, by combining our bulk RNA-seq with publicly available male and female mouse pituitary single-nuclei RNA-seq data, we obtained evidence that cell-type proportion sex differences exist prior to puberty and persist post-puberty for three major hormone-producing cell types: somatotropes, lactotropes, and gonadotropes. Finally, we identified sex-biased genes in these three pituitary cell types after accounting for cell-type proportion differences between sexes. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the identity and postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary. This work also highlights the importance of considering sex biases in cell-type composition when understanding sex differences in the processes regulated by the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Hou
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cadia Chan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoko E Yuki
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dustin Sokolowski
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Roy
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rihao Qu
- Interdepartmental Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mariela Faykoo-Martinez
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matt Hudson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Corre
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Teng Z, Hao L, Yang R, Song J, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Fang J, Zheng S, Ma Z, Chen X, Liu S, Cheng Y. Key pituitary miRNAs mediate the expression of pig GHRHR splice variants by regulating splice factors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:208-218. [PMID: 35306020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is well documented in organism growth and its alternative splicing may generate multiple functional GHRHR splice variants (SVs). Our previous study has demonstrated the key pituitary miRNAs (let-7e and miR-328-5p) in pig regulated the expression of GHRHR SVs by directly targeting to them. And according to recent reports, the interplay between miRNA-based silencing of mRNAs and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is a crucial post-transcriptional mechanism. In this study, SF3B3 and CPSF4 were firstly excavated as the splice factors that involved in the formation of GHRHR SVs mediated by let-7e and miR-328-5p through the comparation of the expression relations of GHRHR SVs, let-7e/miR-328-5p and SF3B3/CPSF4 in pituitary tissues between Landrace pigs and BaMa pigs, as well as the prediction of the target relations of let-7e/miR-328-5p with SF3B3 and/or CPSF4. SF3B3 and CPSF4 targeted by let-7e and miR-328-5p were further verified by performing dual-luciferase reporter assays and detecting the expression of target transcripts. Then the RT-PCR, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were used to confirm SF3B3 and CPSF4 were involved in the formation of the GHRHR SVs, and in this process, let-7e and miR-328-5p mediated GHRHR SVs by regulating SF3B3 and CPSF4. Finally, the target site of SF3B3 on pre-GHRHR was on the Exon 12 to Exon14, while CPSF4 acted on the other fragments of the pre-GHRHR, which were explored by dual-luciferase reporter system preliminarily. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the miRNAs regulate GHRHR SVs indirectly by splice factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Teng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Yingying Jiao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jiayuan Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ze Ma
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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4
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Street ME. The Role of MicroRNAs in Influencing Body Growth and Development. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:7-15. [PMID: 31914447 DOI: 10.1159/000504669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Body growth and development are regulated among others by genetic and epigenetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that act at the post-transcriptional level, thereby exerting a strong influence on regulatory gene networks. Increasing studies suggest the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of the growth plate and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis during the life course in a broad spectrum of animal species, contributing to longitudinal growth. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in regulating growth in different in vitro and in vivo models acting on GH, GH receptor (GHR), IGFs, and IGF1R genes besides current knowledge in humans, and highlights that this regulatory system is of importance for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,
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5
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CircAgtpbp1 Acts as a Molecular Sponge of miR-543-5p to Regulate the Secretion of GH in Rat Pituitary Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020558. [PMID: 33672649 PMCID: PMC7924184 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs have been identified to be expressed differently and stably in numerous species and tissues, but their functions in growth hormone (GH) secretion are still largely unknown. In summary, we have revealed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network that may play a biological role in the rat pituitary gland. First, we verified the chromosome location information of circAgtpbp1 according to sequencing analysis. The circAgtpbp1 characteristics were authenticated through PCR, qRT-PCR, treating with RNase and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Second, we detected the expression pattern of circAgtpbp1 in the rat anterior pituitary by qRT-PCR. We also designed circAgtpbp1 siRNA and constructed overexpression plasmid to evaluate the effect of circAgtpbp1 function on GH secretion by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot. CircAgtpbp1 is a stable, truly circular molecule. We found that circAgtpbp1 interacted with miR-543-5p and can regulate GH secretion in pituitary cells through a circAgtpbp1-miR-543-5p-GH axis. Overall, the evidence generated by our study suggests that circAgtpbp1 can act as a sponge of miR-543-5p to reduce the inhibitory effect of miR-543-5p on Gh1 and further promote GH secretion. These findings expand our existing knowledge on the mechanisms of hormone regulation in the pituitary gland.
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6
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LaPierre MP, Godbersen S, Torres Esteban M, Schad AN, Treier M, Ghoshdastider U, Stoffel M. MicroRNA-7a2 Regulates Prolactin in Developing Lactotrophs and Prolactinoma Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6009069. [PMID: 33248443 PMCID: PMC7774778 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin production is controlled by a complex and temporally dynamic network of factors. Despite this tightly coordinated system, pathological hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder that is often not understood, thereby highlighting the need to expand our molecular understanding of lactotroph cell regulation. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is the most highly expressed miRNA family in the pituitary gland and the loss of the miR-7 family member, miR-7a2, is sufficient to reduce prolactin gene expression in mice. Here, we used conditional loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models to characterize the function of miR-7a2 in lactotroph cells. We found that pituitary miR-7a2 expression undergoes developmental and sex hormone-dependent regulation. Unexpectedly, the loss of mir-7a2 induces a premature increase in prolactin expression and lactotroph abundance during embryonic development, followed by a gradual loss of prolactin into adulthood. On the other hand, lactotroph development is delayed in mice overexpressing miR-7a2. This regulation of lactotroph function by miR-7a2 involves complementary mechanisms in multiple cell populations. In mouse pituitary and rat prolactinoma cells, miR-7a2 represses its target Raf1, which promotes prolactin gene expression. These findings shed light on the complex regulation of prolactin production and may have implications for the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P LaPierre
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Godbersen
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anaïs Nura Schad
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Treier
- Max Delbrück Zentrum für molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Markus Stoffel, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Science, HPL H36, Otto-Stern Weg 7, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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7
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Song J, Qi Q, Wang C, Xi Q, Liu S, Hao L, Zhang Y. miR-709 inhibits GHRP6 induced GH synthesis by targeting PRKCA in pituitary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110763. [PMID: 32084499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary growth hormone (GH) plays an essential role in processes of organism growth and metabolism. MicroRNA (miRNA) could also participate in diverse biological processes. However, the role of miRNA in the regulation of pituitary GH during the growth process remains unclear. In this study, we firstly confirmed that the second highly expressed pituitary miRNA (miR-709) significantly inhibited the GH synthesis and suppressed the viability of GH3 cells. The bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase report system were used to ascertain the PRKCA is the direct target gene of miR-709, which is the coding gene of PKCα. Then the transcription and translation levels of Prkca were obvious reduced by the over-expression of miR-709 in GH3 cells, followed by the inhibition of the transcription factor (CREB1) of Gh1 gene and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway or the possible cross-talk signaling pathway (cAMP/PKA signaling pathway) detected by western blot, suggesting that ERK1/2 maybe an important factor involved in the GH3 cell viability mediated by PKCα. At last, GHRP6 increased PKCα and GH expression but reduced miR-709 expression in vitro and vivo assays, and this conclusion was further confirmed by the result of GHRP6 attenuated the inhibition of miR-709 on GH expression. These findings will provide new molecular mechanism on the regulation of pituitary GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Yu ZW, Gao W, Feng XY, Zhang JY, Guo HX, Wang CJ, Chen J, Hu JP, Ren WZ, Yuan B. Roles of differential expression of miR-543-5p in GH regulation in rat anterior pituitary cells and GH3 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222340. [PMID: 31509580 PMCID: PMC6738916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is an important hormone released by the pituitary gland that plays a key role in the growth and development of organisms. In our study, TargetScan analysis and the dual luciferase reporter assays were used to predict and screen for miRNAs that might act on the rat Gh1 gene, and we identified miR-543-5p. Then, the GH3 cell line and the primary rat pituitary cells were transfected with miRNA mimic, inhibitor, and siRNA. We detected the Gh1 gene expression and the GH secretion by real-time PCR and ELISAs, respectively, to verify the regulatory effect of miR-543-5p on GH secretion. The results showed that miR-543-5p can inhibit Gh1 mRNA expression and reduce GH secretion. MiR-543-5p inhibitor upregulated Gh1 mRNA expression and increased GH secretion compared with the negative control. In summary, miR-543-5p downregulates Gh1 expression, resulting in a decrease in GH synthesis and secretion, which demonstrates the important role of miRNAs in regulating GH and animal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wen Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yao Feng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xiang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhi Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (W-ZR)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (BY); (W-ZR)
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