1
|
Hernández-Rangel AE, Cabrera-Licona A, Hernandez-Fuentes GA, Beas-Guzmán OF, Martínez-Martínez FJ, Alcalá-Pérez MA, Montes-Galindo DA, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Casarez-Price JC, De-Leon-Zaragoza L, Garza-Veloz I, Delgado-Enciso I. Ethanolic Extract of Salvia officinalis Leaves Affects Viability, Survival, Migration, and the Formation and Growth of 3D Cultures of the Tumourigenic Murine HPV-16+-Related Cancer Cell Line. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1804. [PMID: 39200268 PMCID: PMC11351782 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (SO) is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. In the present study, the effect of an ethanolic extract of S. officinalis leaves on hallmarks of cancer of HPV-16-positive cancer tumorigenic cells, TC-1, was analyzed in vitro. Phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis were performed. Additionally, the extract's flavonoid content, reducing iron, and antioxidant capacity were determined. In regard to the in vitro tests, the cytotoxic activity and its effect on the replicative capacity and on the cell migration of TC-1 cells were analyzed by viability and clonogenic, survival, and wound healing assays. The effect of a pre-treatment or treatment on 3D culture formation, growth, and reversion capacity was also examined. The results of the phytochemical analysis allowed the detection of tannins, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids. The flavonoids content was found to be 153.40 ± 10.68 µg/mg of extract. Additionally, the extract exhibited an antioxidant capacity and a ferric-reducing capacity of around 40% compared to the ascorbic acid. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis and spectroscopic tests showed the presence of compounds similar to quercetin and catechin flavonoids in the extract. In the in vitro assays, the SO extract induced in a concentration-dependent way changes in cell morphology, the decrease of cell viability, survival, and migration. At a concentration of 125 µg/mL, the extract inhibited spheroid formation, reduced their growth, and affected their reversion to 2D. Ethanolic extract of S. officinalis leaves had inhibitory effects on hallmarks of the cancer line HPV-16+. This suggests that the phytochemicals present in it may be a source of chemotherapeutics against cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana Cabrera-Licona
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
| | | | - Oscar F. Beas-Guzmán
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico; (A.E.H.-R.); (G.A.H.-F.); (O.F.B.-G.)
| | | | - Mario A. Alcalá-Pérez
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (M.L.M.-F.); (I.G.-V.)
| | - Daniel A. Montes-Galindo
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Colima, Coquimatlan 28400, Mexico;
| | - Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (M.L.M.-F.); (I.G.-V.)
| | - Juan C. Casarez-Price
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
| | - Luis De-Leon-Zaragoza
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (M.L.M.-F.); (I.G.-V.)
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico; (A.E.H.-R.); (G.A.H.-F.); (O.F.B.-G.)
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico; (A.C.-L.); (M.A.A.-P.); (D.A.M.-G.); (J.C.C.-P.); (L.D.-L.-Z.)
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piatakova A, Polakova I, Smahelova J, Johari SD, Nunvar J, Smahel M. Distinct Responsiveness of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Immunotherapy of Tumors with Different Mechanisms of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123057. [PMID: 34205330 PMCID: PMC8235485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the major cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where they can either be pro-tumorigenic or contribute to an anti-tumor immunity. The TME and TAM phenotype were analyzed after combined immuno-therapy (IT) in tumor models characterized by distinct expression of major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC-I) molecules, i.e., tumors induced with TC-1 (MHC-I-proficient), TC-1/A9 (reversibly downregulated), and TC-1/dB2m (irreversibly downregulated) cells. We found out that combined IT highly activated immune reactions in the TME of TC-1 and TC-1/A9 tumors, but the TME of TC-1/dB2m tumors remained almost unchanged. Correspondingly, TAMs from TC-1/A9 tumors were able to destroy tumor cells in vitro, while TAMs isolated from TC-1/dB2m tumors showed profoundly decreased cytotoxicity. Hence, various capabilities of TAMs in tumors with distinct expression of MHC-I molecules should be considered when applying IT, particularly IT focused on TAMs. Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) plentifully infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME), but their role in anti-tumor immunity is controversial. Depending on the acquired polarization, they can either support tumor growth or participate in the elimination of neoplastic cells. In this study, we analyzed the TME by RNA-seq and flow cytometry and examined TAMs after ex vivo activation. Tumors with normal and either reversibly or irreversibly decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules were induced with TC-1, TC-1/A9, and TC-1/dB2m cells, respectively. We found that combined immunotherapy (IT), composed of DNA immunization and the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) ODN1826, evoked immune reactions in the TME of TC-1- and TC-1/A9-induced tumors, while the TME of TC-1/dB2m tumors was mostly immunologically unresponsive. TAMs infiltrated both tumor types with MHC-I downregulation, but only TAMs from TC-1/A9 tumors acquired the M1 phenotype upon IT and were cytotoxic in in vitro assay. The anti-tumor effect of combined IT was markedly enhanced by a blockade of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), but only against TC-1/A9 tumors. Overall, TAMs from tumors with irreversible MHC-I downregulation were resistant to the stimulation of cytotoxic activity. These data suggest the dissimilarity of TAMs from different tumor types, which should be considered when utilizing TAMs in cancer IT.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen M, Xu G, Fan M, Jia H, Xiao L, Lang J. Anti-tumour effects of a xenogeneic fibroblast activation protein-based whole cell tumour vaccine in murine tumour models. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:4182-4193. [PMID: 31722575 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy, including tumour vaccines, is influenced by immunosuppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment. Among these factors, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their products, such as fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα), greatly affect tumourigenesis, development, metastasis and treatment tolerance, which make them promising immunotherapy targets for cancer patients. Our previous study reported that a whole cell tumour vaccine (WCTV) expressing FAPα inhibited tumour growth by simultaneously attacking cancer cells and CAFs. This study aimed to improve WCTVs with xenoantigens to end immune tolerance and to further activate the adaptive immune system. In the present study, we designed a WCTV by transducing a vector encoding human FAPα (hFAPα) into murine tumour cells and evaluated its efficacy in multiple solid tumour models. Immunotherapy with this WCTV effectively delayed tumour growth and prevented recurrence. The anti-tumour responses were clearly linked to antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes also played a role. Humoural immune responses were activated because the adoptive transfer of immunoglobulins induced abscopal anti-tumour effects, and autoantibodies against FAPα were specifically detected in the sera of immunized mice. Moreover, an increased number of apoptotic tumour cells along with a reduced number of CAFs within the tumours suggest that xenogeneic FAPα-based WCTV has the potential to drive T cell and antibody responses against cancer cells and CAFs. This finding could offer an advanced strategy to treat multiple solid tumours with individualized cancer immunotherapy techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyuan Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|