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Fan YG, Zhao TT, Xiang QZ, Han XY, Yang SS, Zhang LX, Ren LJ. Multi-Omics Research Accelerates the Clarification of the Formation Mechanism and the Influence of Leaf Color Variation in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38337959 PMCID: PMC10857240 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tea is a popular beverage with characteristic functional and flavor qualities, known to be rich in bioactive metabolites such as tea polyphenols and theanine. Recently, tea varieties with variations in leaf color have been widely used in agriculture production due to their potential advantages in terms of tea quality. Numerous studies have used genome, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and lipidome methods to uncover the causes of leaf color variations and investigate their impacts on the accumulation of crucial bioactive metabolites in tea plants. Through a comprehensive review of various omics investigations, we note that decreased expression levels of critical genes in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, activated chlorophyll degradation, and an impaired photosynthetic chain function are related to the chlorina phenotype in tea plants. For purple-leaf tea, increased expression levels of late biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway and anthocyanin transport genes are the major and common causes of purple coloration. We have also summarized the influence of leaf color variation on amino acid, polyphenol, and lipid contents and put forward possible causes of these metabolic changes. Finally, this review further proposes the research demands in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gen Fan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Qin-Zeng Xiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Xiao-Yang Han
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Shu-Sen Yang
- Yipinming Tea Planting Farmers Specialized Cooperative, Longnan 746400, China;
| | - Li-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
| | - Li-Jun Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.-G.F.); (T.-T.Z.); (Q.-Z.X.); (X.-Y.H.)
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Kong X, Chen Z, Zhong S, Li X, Shan R, You X, Wei K, Chen C. Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Different Regulatory Networks of Metabolic Flux in Tea Plants [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] with Varied Leaf Colors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:242. [PMID: 38203412 PMCID: PMC10779186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf color variations in tea plants were widely considered due to their attractive phenotypes and characteristic flavors. The molecular mechanism of color formation was extensively investigated. But few studies focused on the transformation process of leaf color change. In this study, four strains of 'Baijiguan' F1 half-sib generation with similar genetic backgrounds but different colors were used as materials, including Green (G), Yellow-Green (Y-G), Yellow (Y), and Yellow-Red (Y-R). The results of broadly targeted metabolomics showed that 47 metabolites were differentially accumulated in etiolated leaves (Y-G, Y, and Y-R) as compared with G. Among them, lipids were the main downregulated primary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which were closely linked with the thylakoid membrane and chloroplast structure. Flavones and flavonols were the dominant upregulated secondary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which might be a repair strategy for reducing the negative effects of dysfunctional chloroplasts. Further integrated analysis with the transcriptome indicated different variation mechanisms of leaf phenotype in Y-G, Y, and Y-R. The leaf color formation of Y-G and Y was largely determined by the increased content of eriodictyol-7-O-neohesperidoside and the enhanced activities of its modification process, while the color formation of Y-R depended on the increased contents of apigenin derivates and the vigorous processes of their transportation and transcription factor regulation. The key candidate genes, including UDPG, HCT, CsGSTF1, AN1/CsMYB75, and bHLH62, might play important roles in the flavonoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China;
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sitong Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinlei Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ruiyang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaomei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China;
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
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3
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Li Y, Zhang C, Ma C, Chen L, Yao M. Transcriptome and Biochemical Analyses of a Chlorophyll-Deficient Bud Mutant of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15070. [PMID: 37894753 PMCID: PMC10606798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea leaf-color mutants have attracted increasing attention due to their accumulation of quality-related biochemical components. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind leaf-color bud mutation in tea plants. In this study, a chlorina tea shoot (HY) and a green tea shoot (LY) from the same tea plant were investigated using transcriptome and biochemical analyses. The results showed that the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in the HY were significantly lower than the LY's, which might have been caused by the activation of several genes related to chlorophyll degradation, such as SGR and CLH. The down-regulation of the CHS, DFR, and ANS involved in flavonoid biosynthesis might result in the reduction in catechins, and the up-regulated GDHA and GS2 might bring about the accumulation of glutamate in HY. RT-qPCR assays of nine DEGs confirmed the RNA-seq results. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the chlorophyll deficient-induced metabolic change in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingzhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (C.M.); (L.C.)
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Liu X, Cao J, Cheng X, Zhu W, Sun Y, Wan X, Liu L. CsRVE1 promotes seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui by activating chlorophyll biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1432-1443. [PMID: 37083709 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal greening is a crucial survival strategy for albino tea cultivars, during which dysfunctional chloroplasts recover and chlorophyll biosynthesis increases in albino leaves. However, the regulatory mechanisms of seasonal greening in albino tea plants remain unclear. Here, we report that CsRVE1, a nuclear-located Myb-like transcription factor, can positively modulate the seasonal greening of albino Camellia sinensis cv. Huangkui leaves by activating the expression of genes involved in light harvesting and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of CsRVE1 increased during seasonal greening and was tightly correlated with increases in the expression of genes involved in light harvesting (CsLhcb) and chlorophyll biosynthesis (CsCHLH, CsHEMA1 and CsCAO). In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsRVE1 can directly bind to the promoters of CsLhcb, CsCHLH and CsPORA, eventually leading to chlorophyll accumulation in tea leaves. Furthermore, transient suppression of CsRVE1 in tea leaves led to a decrease in target gene expression. In contrast, the overexpression of CsRVE1 in Arabidopsis led to chlorophyll increases and the activation of AtLhcb, AtPORA, AtCHLH, etc. These results identify CsRVE1 as an important promoter of seasonal greening that functions by regulating genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in albino tea plants and shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of leaf phenotypes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Wang YQ, Ye JJ, Yang HZ, Li D, Li XX, Wang YK, Zheng XQ, Ye JH, Li QS, Liang YR, Lu JL. Shading-Dependent Greening Process of the Leaves in the Light-Sensitive Albino Tea Plant 'Huangjinya': Possible Involvement of the Light-Harvesting Complex II Subunit of Photosystem II in the Phenotypic Characteristic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10314. [PMID: 37373460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-sensitive albino tea plant can produce pale-yellow shoots with high levels of amino acids which are suitable to process high-quality tea. In order to understand the mechanism of the albino phenotype formation, the changes in the physio-chemical characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, chlorophyll-binding proteins, and the relevant gene expression were comprehensively investigated in the leaves of the light-sensitive albino cultivar 'Huangjinya' ('HJY') during short-term shading treatment. In the content of photosynthetic pigments, the ultrastructure of the chloroplast, and parameters of the photosynthesis in the leaves of 'HJY' could be gradually normalized along with the extension of the shading time, resulting in the leaf color transformed from pale yellow to green. BN-PAGE and SDS-PAGE revealed that function restoration of the photosynthetic apparatus was attributed to the proper formation of the pigment-protein complexes on the thylakoid membrane that benefited from the increased levels of the LHCII subunits in the shaded leaves of 'HJY', indicating the low level of LHCII subunits, especially the lack of the Lhcb1 might be responsible for the albino phenotype of the 'HJY' under natural light condition. The deficiency of the Lhcb1 was mainly subject to the strongly suppressed expression of the Lhcb1.x which might be modulated by the chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway GUN1 (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1)-PTM (PHD type transcription factor with transmembrane domains)-ABI4 (ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Kang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xu C, Li J, Wang H, Liu H, Yu Z, Zhao Z. Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals a ceRNA Regulatory Network Associated with the Process of Periodic Albinism under Low Temperature in Baiye No. 1 ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087162. [PMID: 37108322 PMCID: PMC10138444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The young shoots of the tea plant Baiye No. 1 display an albino phenotype in the early spring under low environmental temperatures, and the leaves re-green like those of common tea cultivars during the warm season. Periodic albinism is precisely regulated by a complex gene network that leads to metabolic differences and enhances the nutritional value of tea leaves. Here, we identified messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of 12 samples from four periods (Bud, leaves not expanded; Alb, albino leaves; Med, re-greening leaves; and Gre, green leaves) and identified a total of 6325 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 667 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), 1702 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 122 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs). Furthermore, we constructed ceRNA networks on the basis of co-differential expression analyses which comprised 112, 35, 38, and 15 DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs, DElncRNAs, and DEcircRNAs, respectively. Based on the regulatory networks, we identified important genes and their interactions with lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs during periodic albinism, including the ceRNA regulatory network centered on miR5021x, the GAMYB-miR159-lncRNA regulatory network, and the NAC035-miR319x-circRNA regulatory network. These regulatory networks might be involved in the response to cold stress, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and flavonoid accumulation. Our findings provide novel insights into ceRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in Baiye No. 1 during periodic albinism and will aid future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying albinism mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhihai Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Xu YX, Yang L, Lei YS, Ju RN, Miao SG, Jin SH. Integrated transcriptome and amino acid profile analyses reveal novel insights into differential accumulation of theanine in green and yellow tea cultivars. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1501-1516. [PMID: 35146518 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tea cultivars with yellow- or white-leaf variations have a high economic value due to their high amino acid (especially theanine) concentration. However, the dynamic changes of amino acid components (especially theanine) and related gene expression during new shoot development in these cultivars are still unclear. In this study, 264 tea samples from four representative varieties picked during the harvest period in spring were analyzed for their amino acid profiles. The dynamic change rules of ethylamine and 19 amino acids were summarized in normal green and yellow cultivars during new shoot development. Interestingly, the theanine concentration in the yellow cultivar was significantly higher than that in the green cultivar, and increased gradually as the leaves matured until they reached a maximum in the one bud and three leaves stage. The amino acid concentration in the leaves of the yellow cultivar increased significantly with leaf position, which was generally in contrast to the normal green cultivar. Transcriptome and correlation analyses revealed that CsGS1, CsPDX2, CsGGP5, CsHEMA3 and CsCLH4 might be the key genes potentially responsible for the differential accumulation of theanine in green and yellow tea cultivars. These results provide further information for the utilization and improvement of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A &F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Long Yang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Lei
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Rui-Na Ju
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Shu-Gang Miao
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Song-Heng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
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8
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Ma Q, Song L, Niu Z, Li J, Wang Y, Sun H, Ren Z, Zhao H, Guo S, Ding Z. Red Light Regulates the Metabolite Biosynthesis in the Leaves of "Huangjinya" Through Amino Acid and Phenylpropanoid Metabolisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:810888. [PMID: 35095983 PMCID: PMC8797701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Huangjinya" is a light-sensitive albino variety and is widely cultivated in China. It has been proved that red light could promote the vegetable growth of plants. However, the mechanism of "Huangjinya" in response to a red light is unclear. This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the transcriptome of tender shoots of "Huangjinya" under the white and red light supplement conditions. At the same time, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze metabolite changes under different light conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after the red light supplement. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) classification indicated that amino acid metabolism enriched the most DEGs. In addition, two phenylpropanoid metabolism-related genes and five glutathione S-transferase genes (CsGSTs) were found to be expressed differently. Metabolome analysis revealed that 193 differential metabolites were obtained. Being the same as transcriptome analysis, most differential metabolites were enriched in amino acids, sweet and umami tasting amino acids were increased, and bitter-tasting amino acids were decreased after the red light supplement. In summary, red light supplementary treatment may be propitious to the quality of "Huangjinya" due to its regulatory effect on amino acid metabolism. Also, CsGSTs involved phenylpropanoid metabolism contributed to tea quality changes in "Huangjinya."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Ma
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Laichao Song
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhanhai Niu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jingshan Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiwei Sun
- Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
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9
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iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Golden-Yellow Leaf Mutant in Hybrid Paper Mulberry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010127. [PMID: 35008552 PMCID: PMC8745438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development relies on the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, which takes place in the leaves. Chlorophyll mutant variations are important for studying certain physiological processes, including chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast biogenesis, and photosynthesis. To uncover the mechanisms of the golden-yellow phenotype of the hybrid paper mulberry plant, this study used physiological, cytological, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses to compare the green and golden-yellow leaves of hybrid paper mulberry. Physiological results showed that the mutants of hybrid paper mulberry showed golden-yellow leaves, reduced chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, and increased flavonoid content compared with wild-type plants. Cytological observations revealed defective chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of the mutants. Results demonstrated that 4766 proteins were identified from the hybrid paper mulberry leaves, of which 168 proteins displayed differential accumulations between the green and mutant leaves. The differentially accumulated proteins were primarily involved in chlorophyll synthesis, carotenoid metabolism, and photosynthesis. In addition, differentially accumulated proteins are associated with ribosome pathways and could enable plants to adapt to environmental conditions by regulating the proteome to reduce the impact of chlorophyll reduction on growth and survival. Altogether, this study provides a better understanding of the formation mechanism of the golden-yellow leaf phenotype by combining proteomic approaches.
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Yue C, Wang Z, Yang P. Review: the effect of light on the key pigment compounds of photosensitive etiolated tea plant. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:21. [PMID: 34897570 PMCID: PMC8665957 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-021-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light is the ultimate energy source of plant photosynthesis, which has an important impact on the growth, development, physiology and biochemistry of tea plant. Photosensitive etiolated tea plant belongs to a kind of colored leaf plant, which is a physiological response to light intensity. Compared with conventional green bud and leaf of tea plant, the accumulation of pigment compounds (chlorophyll and carotenoids, etc.) closely related to a series of reactions of photosynthesis in photosensitive etiolated tea plant is reduced, resulting in the difference of leaf color of tea. This specific tea resource has high application value, among which high amino acid is one of its advantages. It can be used to process high-quality green tea with delicious taste and attractive aroma, which has been widely attention. The mechanism of the color presentation of the etiolated mutant tea leaves has been given a high topic and attention, especially, what changes have taken place in the pigment compounds of tea leaves caused by light, which makes the leaves so yellow. At present, there have been a lot of research and reports. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW We describe the metabolism and differential accumulation of key pigment compounds affecting the leaf color of photosensitive etiolated tea that are triggered by light, and discuss the different metabolism and key regulatory sites of these pigments in different light environments in order to understand the "discoloration" matrix and mechanism of etiolated tea resources, answer the scientific question between leaf color and light. It provides an important strategy for artificial intervention of discoloration of colored tea plant. CONCLUSION The differential accumulation of pigment compounds in tea plant can be induced phytochrome in response to the change of light signal. The synthesis of chlorophyll in photoetiolated tea plants is hindered by strong light, among which, the sites regulated by coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and chlorophyllide a oxidase is sensitive to light and can be inhibited by strong light, resulting in the aggravation of leaf etiolation. The phenomenon can be disappeared or weakened by shading or reducing light intensity, and the leaf color is greenish, but the increase of chlorophyll-b accumulation is more than that of chlorophyll-a. The synthesis of carotenoids is inhibited strong light, and high the accumulation of carotenoids is reduced by shading. Most of the genes regulating carotenoids are up-regulated by moderate shading and down-regulated by excessive shading. Therefore, the accumulation of these two types of pigments in photosensitive etiolated tea plants is closely related to the light environment, and the leaf color phenotype shape of photosensitive etiolated tea plants can be changed by different light conditions, which provides an important strategy for the production and management of tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuinan Yue
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China
| | - Puxiang Yang
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China.
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11
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Zheng Y, Wang P, Chen X, Yue C, Guo Y, Yang J, Sun Y, Ye N. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide novel insight into changes in specialized metabolites in an albino tea cultivar (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:27-36. [PMID: 33454634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tea varieties with specific colours have often been studied by researchers. However, previous studies on the albinism of tea plants have mostly been based on plants with different genetic backgrounds or focused on common components in albino tea leaves, such as amino acids, flavones, and carotenoids. In this study, we conducted widely targeted metabolic and transcriptomic analyses between a wildtype tea genotype (Shuixian, LS) and its albino mutant (Huangjinshuixian, HS). At the molecular level, alteration of gene expression levels in the MEP pathway may have reduced the production of chlorophyll and carotenoids in HS, which could be the main cause of the phenotypic changes in HS. At the metabolite level, a large number of metabolites related to light protection that significantly accumulated in HS, including flavones, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanones, vitamins and their derivatives, polyphenols, phenolamides. This result, combined with an enzyme activity experiment, suggested that the absence of photosynthetic pigments made the albino tea leaves of HS more vulnerable to UV stress, even under normal light conditions. In addition, except for the common amino acids, we also identified numerous nitrogen-containing compounds, including nucleotides and their derivates, amino acid derivatives, glycerophospholipids, and phenolamides, which implied that significant accumulation of NH4+ in albino tea leaves could not only promote amino acid synthesis but could also activate other specialized metabolic pathways related to nitrogen metabolism. In conclusion, our results provide new information to guide further studies of the extensive metabolic reprogramming events caused by albinism in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Chuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yongchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jiangfan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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12
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Chen J, Zhou G, Dong Y, Qian X, Li J, Xu X, Huang H, Xu L, Li L. Screening of Key Proteins Affecting Floral Initiation of Saffron Under Cold Stress Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644934. [PMID: 34046047 PMCID: PMC8144468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is an expensive and valuable species that presents preventive and curative effects. This study aimed to screen the key proteins affecting the floral initiation of saffron under cold stress and thus increasing yield by regulating the temperature. RESULTS Protein expression profiles in flowering and non-flowering saffron buds were established using isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). A total of 5,624 proteins were identified, and 201 differentially abundant protein species (DAPs) were further obtained between the flowering and non-flowering groups. The most important functions of the upregulated DAPs were "sucrose metabolic process," "lipid transport," "glutathione metabolic process," and "gene silencing by RNA." Downregulated DAPs were significantly enriched in "starch biosynthetic process" and several oxidative stress response pathways. Three new flower-related proteins, CsFLK, CseIF4a, and CsHUA1, were identified in this study. The following eight key genes were validated by real-time qPCR in flowering and non-flowering top buds from five different growth phases: floral induction- and floral organ development-related genes CsFLK, CseIF4A, CsHUA1, and CsGSTU7; sucrose synthase activity-related genes CsSUS1 and CsSUS2; and starch synthase activity-related genes CsGBSS1 and CsPU1. These findings demonstrate the important roles played by sucrose/starch biosynthesis pathways in floral development at the mRNA level. During normal floral organ development, the sucrose contents in the top buds of saffron increased, and the starch contents decreased. In contrast, non-flowering buds showed significantly decreased sucrose contents under cold stress and no significant changes in starch contents compared with those in the dormancy stage. CONCLUSION In this report, the protein profiles of saffron under cold stress and a normal environment were revealed for the first time by iTRAQ. A possible "reactive oxygen species-antioxidant system-starch/sugar interconversion flowering pathway" was established to explain the phenomenon that saffron does not bloom due to low temperature treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Guifen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Changxing County, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liqin Li,
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13
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Wang JY, Chen JD, Wang SL, Chen L, Ma CL, Yao MZ. Repressed Gene Expression of Photosynthetic Antenna Proteins Associated with Yellow Leaf Variation as Revealed by Bulked Segregant RNA-seq in Tea Plant Camellia sinensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8068-8079. [PMID: 32633946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The young leaves and shoots of albino tea cultivars are usually characterized as having a yellow or pale color, high amino acid, and low catechin. Increasing attention has been paid to albino tea cultivars in recent years because their tea generally shows high umami and reduced astringency. However, the genetic mechanism of yellow-leaf variation in albino tea cultivar has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) was performed on bulked yellow- and green-leaf hybrid progenies from a leaf color variation population. A total of 359 and 1134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the yellow and green hybrid bulked groups (Yf vs Gf) and parent plants (Yp vs Gp), respectively. The significantly smaller number of DEGs in Yf versus Gf than in Yp versus Gp indicated that individual differences could be reduced within the same hybrid progeny. Analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that the photosynthetic antenna protein was most significantly enriched in either the bulked groups or their parents. Interaction was found among light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b -binding proteins (LHC), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and enzymes involved in cuticle formation. Combined with the transcriptomic expression profile, results showed that the repressed genes encoding LHC were closely linked to aberrant chloroplast development in yellow-leaf tea plants. Furthermore, the photoprotection and light stress response possessed by genes involved in HSP protein interaction and cuticle formation were discussed. The expression profile of DEGs was verified via quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the bulked samples and other F1 individuals. In summary, using BSR-seq on a hybrid population eliminated certain disturbing effects of genetic background and individual discrepancy, thereby helping this study to intensively focus on the key genes controlling leaf color variation in yellow-leaf tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Song-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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14
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Zhang C, He Q, Wang M, Gao X, Chen J, Shen C. Exogenous indole acetic acid alleviates Cd toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110090. [PMID: 31874405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, restrains the growth and development of plants and threatens global food safety. Many studies on the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity by exogenous phytohormones have emerged, but reports on tea (Camellia sinensis) are still scarce. In this study, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) (2 μM and 10 μM) on Cd uptake and on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 'Xiangfeicui' tea cultivar were investigated for the first time. The order of Cd accumulation in tea seedlings was root > stem > mature leaf > tender leaf. Under Cd stress (30 mg kg-1), photosynthetic pigment levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, root vigor, root IAA content, and the levels of most metabolites (including caffeine, soluble sugar, total amino acids, some amino acid components, and most catechins) were significantly reduced, while levels of malondialdehyde, proline, epicatechin, and some amino acids increased. We therefore propose that by reducing Cd accumulation, exogenous IAA can lessen the adverse effects of Cd on the physiology and biochemistry of tea seedlings, promoting the growth of healthier tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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15
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Yamashita H, Kambe Y, Ohshio M, Kunihiro A, Tanaka Y, Suzuki T, Nakamura Y, Morita A, Ikka T. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Etiolation-Induced Metabolic Changes Leading to High Amino Acid Contents in a Light-Sensitive Japanese Albino Tea Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611140. [PMID: 33537046 PMCID: PMC7847902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant albinism causes the etiolation of leaves because of factors such as deficiency of chloroplasts or chlorophylls. In general, albino tea leaves accumulate higher free amino acid (FAA) contents than do conventional green tea leaves. To explore the metabolic changes of etiolated leaves (EL) in the light-sensitive Japanese albino tea cultivar "Koganemidori," we performed integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses by comparing EL with green leaves induced by bud-sport mutation (BM) or shading treatments (S-EL). Comparative omics analyses indicated that etiolation-induced molecular responses were independent of the light environment and were largely influenced by the etiolation itself. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and pathway analyses revealed the downregulation of genes involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis and upregulation of protein degradation-related pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy in EL. Metabolome analysis showed that most quantified FAAs in EL were highly accumulated compared with those in BM and S-EL. Genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nitrogen assimilation, and the urea cycle, including the drastically downregulated Arginase-1 homolog, which functions in nitrogen excretion for recycling, showed lower expression levels in EL. The high FAA contents in EL might result from the increased FAA pool and nitrogen source contributed by protein degradation, low N consumption, and stagnation of the urea cycle rather than through enhanced amino acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kambe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Ohshio
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Kunihiro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuno Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Tea Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Science, Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Ikka,
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16
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Hao X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ren H, Chen Y, Wang L, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X. Pale green mutant analyses reveal the importance of CsGLKs in chloroplast developmental regulation and their effects on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:392-402. [PMID: 31794899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea cultivars with leaf color variation have attracted increasing attention in tea production and research due to their unusual appearances and appealing flavors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this variation is little known due to the unavailability of genetic transformation and a highly complex genome. Here, a natural tea plant mutant producing pale green branches (pgb) was discovered and characterized. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses showed that the leaves of the pgb mutant had defective chloroplast structure and significantly lower pigment content than the normal control. Comprehensive expression detection of chloroplast-development-related genes further indicated that a significant downregulation of CsGLKs in the pgb mutant likely caused the chloroplast defect. Transcriptome analyses and polyphenolic compound determination highlighted a tight correlation between photosynthesis and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in tea plant. These results provide useful information illuminating the mechanism of chloroplast development and leaf color variation in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Weifu Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hengze Ren
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yao Chen
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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17
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Komatsu S. Plant Proteomic Research 2.0: Trends and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102495. [PMID: 31117165 PMCID: PMC6566193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan.
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18
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Dong F, Hu J, Shi Y, Liu M, Zhang Q, Ruan J. Effects of nitrogen supply on flavonol glycoside biosynthesis and accumulation in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:48-57. [PMID: 30849677 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Widely distributed in tea plants, the flavonoid flavonol and its glycosylated derivatives have important roles in determining tea quality. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of these compounds has not been fully studied, especially in response to nitrogen (N) supply. In the present study, 'Longjing 43' potted tea seedlings were subjected to N deficiency (0g/pot), normal N (4g/pot) or excess N (16g/pot). Quantitative analyses using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) revealed that most flavonol glycosides (e.g., Quercetin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-rgalactoside and Kaempferol-3-glucosyl-rhamnsoyl-glucoside) accumulated to the highest levels when treated with normal N. Results from metabolomics using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) suggested that the levels of carbohydrate substrates of flavonol glycosides (e.g., sucrose, sucrose-6-phosphate, D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-1-phosphate) were positively correlated with flavonol glycoside content in response to N availability. Furthermore, Quantitative Real-time PCR analysis of 28 genes confirmed that genes related to flavonoid (e.g., flavonol synthase 1, flavonol 3-O-galactosyltransferase) and carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and glucokinase) metabolism have important roles in regulating the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonol glycosides. Collectively, our results suggest that normal N levels promote the biosynthesis of flavonol glycosides through gene regulation and the accumulation of substrate carbohydrates, while abnormal N availability has inhibitory effects, especially excess N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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