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Sani F, Shojaei S, Tabatabaei SA, Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Latifi M, Sani M, Azarpira N. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:174. [PMID: 38886844 PMCID: PMC11184895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell adoptive immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that uses genetically engineered T cells to attack tumors. However, this therapy can have some adverse effects. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes are a potential alternative to CAR-T cells that may overcome some limitations. Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells and can carry a variety of molecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. They play an important role in intercellular communication and can be used to deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. The application of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes could make CAR-T cell therapy more clinically controllable and effective. Exosomes are cell-free, which means that they are less likely to cause adverse reactions than CAR-T cells. The combination of CAR-T cells and exosomes may be a more effective way to treat cancer than either therapy alone. Exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells where CAR-T cells cannot reach. The appropriate application of both cellular and exosomal platforms could make CAR-T cell therapy a more practicable treatment for cancer. This combination therapy could offer a safe and effective way to treat a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shojaei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mona Latifi
- Department of Physiological Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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Luo W, Li C, Wu J, Tang L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Huang Z, Xu J, Kang Y, Xiong W, Deng J, Hu Y, Mei H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors preserve anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functionality and reprogram tumor micro-environment in B-cell lymphoma. Cytotherapy 2023:S1465-3249(23)00066-X. [PMID: 37074239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Combination therapy is being actively explored to improve the efficacy and safety of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART19) therapy, among which Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs) are highly expected. BTKIs may modulate T-cell function and remodel the tumor micro-environment (TME), but the exact mechanisms involved and the steps required to transform different BTKIs into clinical applications need further investigation. METHODS We examined the impacts of BTKIs on T-cell and CART19 phenotype and functionality in vitro and further explored the mechanisms. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CART19 concurrent with BTKIs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we investigated the effects of BTKIs on TME in a syngeneic lymphoma model. RESULTS Here we identified that the three BTKIs, ibrutinib, zanubrutinib and orelabrutinib, attenuated CART19 exhaustion mediated by tonic signaling, T-cell receptor (TCR) activation and antigen stimulation. Mechanistically, BTKIs markedly suppressed CD3-ζ phosphorylation of both chimeric antigen receptor and TCR and downregulated the expression of genes associated with T-cell activation signaling pathways. Moreover, BTKIs decreased interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha release in vitro and in vivo. In a syngeneic lymphoma model, BTKIs reprogrammed macrophages to the M1 subtype and polarized T helper (Th) cells toward the Th1 subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that BTKIs preserved T-cell and CART19 functionality under persistent antigen exposure and further demonstrated that BTKI administration was a potential strategy for mitigating cytokine release syndrome after CART19 treatment. Our study lays the experimental foundation for the rational application of BTKIs combined with CART19 in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggong Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xindi Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinqiang Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuolin Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongpei Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Kang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Chandrasekaran S, Funk CR, Kleber T, Paulos CM, Shanmugam M, Waller EK. Strategies to Overcome Failures in T-Cell Immunotherapies by Targeting PI3K-δ and -γ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718621. [PMID: 34512641 PMCID: PMC8427697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ are critical regulators of T-cell differentiation, senescence, and metabolism. PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ signaling can contribute to T-cell inhibition via intrinsic mechanisms and regulation of suppressor cell populations, including regulatory T-cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor. We examine an exciting new role for using selective inhibitors of the PI3K δ- and γ-isoforms as modulators of T-cell phenotype and function in immunotherapy. Herein we review the current literature on the implications of PI3K-δ and -γ inhibition in T-cell biology, discuss existing challenges in adoptive T-cell therapies and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, and highlight ongoing efforts and future directions to incorporate PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ as synergistic T-cell modulators in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Chandrasekaran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Troy Kleber
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery/Microbiology & Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Liang M, Gong D, Wang L, Liang X, Meng J, Huang W, Zhou J. PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of immune inhibitory-related molecules. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100437. [PMID: 34425470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PAX5 haploinsufficiency promoting tumorigenesis is related to immune escape. But the mechanisms of PAX5 mutations inducing tumor immune escape have not been clarified. Our aim was to study how PAX5 haploinsufficiency influences effector CD8 + T cells in tumor microenvironment. METHODS We estimated the proportions of 22 immune cell types and the expressions of immune inhibitory-related molecules based on gene expression profiles (GEPs) from children's B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL) with PAX5 mutations by CIBERSORT, an established algorithm. We constructed the PAX5 haplodeletion A20 cell lines, built allografted A20 tumor models and evaluated the effect of PAX5 haplodeletion on immune inhibitory-related molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Our results indicated the percentages of T cells in bone marrow of children's B-ALL with PAX5 mutations were not statistically different from that in bone marrow of B-ALL without PAX5 mutations, except for T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. But a variety of up-regulated immune inhibitory-related molecules in bone marrow of children's B- ALL with PAX5 mutations were identified. By different approaches, we found that several immune inhibitory-related molecules of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion clones such as TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF, were increased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. The IFN-ɤ of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion tumors was decreased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF in the CD8+ T cells of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Duanhao Gong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
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