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Xu S, Zhou L, Guo S, Hu Q, Shi X, Xia C, Zhang H, Ye C, Jia Y, Hu G. Different pituitary action of NK3Ra and NK3Rb in grass carp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 313:113829. [PMID: 34087185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, NK3R is the specific receptor for NKB, which played an important role in reproduction. Recently, two NK3R isoforms, namely NK3Ra and NK3Rb, have been identified in fish. However, little is known about the pituitary actions of the two NK3R isoforms in fish. In this study, both NK3Ra and NK3Rb were isolated from grass carp pituitary. Although their sequence similarity was only 61.6%, the two NK3R isoforms displayed similar ligand selectivity and binding affinity to TAC3 gene products (NKBa, NKBRPa and NKBRPb). In addition, both NK3Ra and NK3Rb displayed similar signaling pathways, including PKA, PKC, MAPK and Ca2+ cascades. Tissue distribution indicated that both NK3Ra and NK3Rb were highly detected in grass carp pituitary. Further study found that NK3Ra was mainly located in pituitary LHβ cells, while NK3Rb was only detected in pituitary SLα cells. Furthermore, NK3Ra and NK3Rb activation could induce LHβ and SLα promoter activity, respectively. These results suggested that the two NK3R isoforms displayed different pituitary actions in fish. Using grass carp pituitary cells as model, we found that PACAP could significantly reduce NK3Ra, but induce NK3Rb mRNA expression coupled with cAMP/PKA and PLC/PKC pathways. Interestingly, PACAP could also significantly inhibit LHβ, but stimulate SLα mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. Furthermore, NK3R antagonist could not only inhibit LHβ mRNA expression, but also block PACAP-induced SLα mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results suggested that NK3Ra and NK3Rb could mediate PACAP-reduced LHβ and -induced SLα mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiongyao Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhui Xia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongyi Jia
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Liraglutide Alleviates Cognitive Deficit in db/db Mice: Involvement in Oxidative Stress, Iron Overload, and Ferroptosis. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:279-294. [PMID: 34480710 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that diabetes is associated with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. However, there is currently no effective treatment for diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. The superior efficacy of liraglutide (LIRA) for cognitive impairment and numerous neurodegenerative diseases has been widely demonstrated. This study determined the effects of LIRA on diabetic cognitive impairment and on the levels of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the hippocampus. Mice were injected daily with liraglutide (200 μg/kg/d) for 5 weeks. LIRA could repair damaged neurons and synapses, and it increased the protein expression levels of PSD 95, SYN, and BDNF. Furthermore, LIRA significantly decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation levels by downregulating the production of ROS and MDA and upregulating SOD and GSH-Px in the serum and hippocampus, and the upregulation of SOD2 expression was also proven. The decreased levels of TfR1 and the upregulation of FPN1 and FTH proteins observed in the LIRA-treated db/db group were shown to reduce iron overload in the hippocampus, whereas the increased expression of Mtft and decreased expression of Mfrn in the mitochondria indicated that mitochondrial iron overload was ameliorated. Finally, LIRA was shown to prevent ferroptosis in the hippocampus by elevating the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 and suppressing the excessive amount of ACSL4; simultaneously, the damage to the mitochondria observed by TEM was also repaired. For the first time, we proved in the T2DM model that ferroptosis occurs in the hippocampus, which may play a role in diabetic cognitive impairment. LIRA can reduce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and iron overload in diabetic cognitive disorders and further inhibit ferroptosis, thereby weakening the damage to hippocampal neurons and synaptic plasticity and ultimately restoring cognitive function.
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Pituitary Actions of EGF on Gonadotropins, Growth Hormone, Prolactin and Somatolactins in Grass Carp. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090279. [PMID: 32911654 PMCID: PMC7564354 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In mammals, the functions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been widely studied. However, little is known about the pituitary actions of EGF in teleost. Using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as model, we found that EGF could reduce pituitary luteinizing hormone β (LHβ) mRNA expression, but induce pituitary growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactins (SL) mRNA expression. Furthermore, we also found that NKB could suppress EGF-induced PRL mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results suggested that EGF could directly regulate pituitary hormones expression in teleost. Abstract In mammals, epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a vital role in both pituitary physiology and pathology. However, the functional role of EGF in the regulation of pituitary hormones has rarely reported in teleost. In our study, using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as an in vitro model, we examined the effects of EGF on pituitary hormone secretion and gene expression as well as the post-receptor signaling mechanisms involved. Firstly, we found that EGF significantly reduced luteinizing hormone (LHβ) mRNA expression via ErbB1 coupled to ERK1/2 pathway, but had no effect on LH release in grass carp pituitary cells. Secondly, the results showed that EGF was effective in up-regulating mRNA expression of growth hormone (GH), somatolactin α (SLα) and somatolactin β (SLβ) via ErbB1 and ErbB2 and subsequently coupled to MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, respectively. However, EGF was not effective in GH release in pituitary cells. Thirdly, we found that EGF strongly induced pituitary prolactin (PRL) release and mRNA expression, which was mediated by ErbB1 and subsequent stimulation of MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, subsequent study further found that neurokinin B (NKB) significantly suppressed EGF-induced PRL mRNA expression, which was mediated by neurokinin receptor (NK2R) and coupled to AC/cAMP/PKA signal pathway. These results suggested that EGF could differently regulate the pituitary hormones expression in grass carp pituitary cells.
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Ye P, Ge K, Li M, Yang L, Jin S, Zhang C, Chen X, Geng Z. Egg-laying and brooding stage-specific hormonal response and transcriptional regulation in pituitary of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). Poult Sci 2020; 98:5287-5296. [PMID: 31376351 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Broodiness is an interesting topic in reproductive biology for its reduced egg production. The strong brooding trait of Muscovy duck has become a major factor restricting the development of its industry. Broody phenotype and environmental factors influencing broodiness in poultry have been extensively studied, but the molecular regulation mechanism of broodiness remains unclear. In this research, the Muscovy duck reproductive endocrine hormones and pituitary transcriptome profiles during egg-laying phases (LP) and brooding phases (BP) were studied. During BP (n = 19), prolactin (PRL) levels was higher, while progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were lower as compared to ducks during their LP (n = 20) (P < 0.01). We then examined the pituitary transcriptome of Muscovy duck at the 2 reproductive stages. A total of 398 differentially expressed genes included 20 transcription factors were identified (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.01). There were 109 upregulated and 289 downregulated genes at brooding phases (n = 6) compared with egg-laying phases (n = 6). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was carried out to verify the transcriptome results. The present study suggested that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and response to steroid hormones biological process are critical for controlling broodiness in the ducks. Further analysis revealed that SHH, PTGS2, RLN3, and transcription factor AP-1 may act as central signal modulators of hormonal and behavioral regulation mechanism associated with broodiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China.,College of biological and pharmaceutical engineering, West Anhui University, Liuan 237012, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Sihua Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
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Hu Q, Xu S, Ye C, Jia J, Zhou L, Hu G. Novel Pituitary Actions of Epidermal Growth Factor: Receptor Specificity and Signal Transduction for UTS1, EGR1, and MMP13 Regulation by EGF. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205172. [PMID: 31635309 PMCID: PMC6829292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a member of the EGF-like ligands family, which plays a vital role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and folliculogenesis through binding with EGF receptors, including ErbB1 (EGFR/HER1), ErbB2 (HER2), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4). In mammals, many functional roles of EGF have been reported in the ovaries and breasts. However, little is known about the functions of EGF in the pituitary, especially in teleost. In this study, using grass carp pituitary cells as the model, we try to examine the direct pituitary actions of EGF in teleost. Firstly, transcriptomic analysis showed that 599 different expressed genes (DEGs) between the control and EGF-treatment group were mainly involved in cell proliferation, cell migration, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Then, we further confirmed that EGF could significantly induce UTS1, EGR1, and MMP13 mRNA expression in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory actions of EGF on UTS1 and EGR1 mRNA expression were mediated by the MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways coupled with both ErbB1 and ErbB2 in grass carp pituitary cells. The receptor specificity and signal transductions for the corresponding responses on MMP13 mRNA expression were also similar, except that the ErbB2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were not involved. As we know, MMP13 could release EGF from HB-EGF. Interestingly, our data also showed that the MMPs inhibitor BB94 could suppress EGF-induced UTS1 and EGR1 mRNA expression. These results, taken together, suggest that the stimulatory actions of EGF on UTS1 and EGR1 mRNA expression could be enhanced by EGF-induced MMP13 expression in the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Ye
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jingyi Jia
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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