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Torres A, Michea MA, Végvári Á, Arce M, Pérez V, Alcota M, Morales A, Vernal R, Budini M, Zubarev RA, González FE. A multi-platform analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals ferroptosis as a relevant regulated cell death mechanism during the clinical progression of periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:43. [PMID: 38802345 PMCID: PMC11130186 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic-inflammatory diseases, yet its association with progressive periodontitis remains unexplored. To investigate the involvement and significance of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression, we assessed sixteen periodontitis-diagnosed patients. Disease progression was clinically monitored over twelve weeks via weekly clinical evaluations and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection was performed for further analyses. Clinical metrics, proteomic data, in silico methods, and bioinformatics tools were combined to identify protein profiles linked to periodontitis progression and to explore their potential connection with ferroptosis. Subsequent western blot analyses validated key findings. Finally, a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (GSE164241) for gingival tissues was analyzed to elucidate cellular dynamics during periodontitis progression. Periodontitis progression was identified as occurring at a faster rate than traditionally thought. GCF samples from progressing and non-progressing periodontal sites showed quantitative and qualitatively distinct proteomic profiles. In addition, specific biological processes and molecular functions during progressive periodontitis were revealed and a set of hub proteins, including SNCA, CA1, HBB, SLC4A1, and ANK1 was strongly associated with the clinical progression status of periodontitis. Moreover, we found specific proteins - drivers or suppressors - associated with ferroptosis (SNCA, FTH1, HSPB1, CD44, and GCLC), revealing the co-occurrence of this specific type of regulated cell death during the clinical progression of periodontitis. Additionally, the integration of quantitative proteomic data with scRNA-seq analysis suggested the susceptibility of fibroblasts to ferroptosis. Our analyses reveal proteins and processes linked to ferroptosis for the first time in periodontal patients, which offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of progressive periodontal disease. These findings may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Angélica Michea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Pérez
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Alcota
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Morales
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cao F, Chu C, Qin JJ, Guan X. Research progress on antitumor mechanisms and molecular targets of Inula sesquiterpene lactones. Chin Med 2023; 18:164. [PMID: 38111074 PMCID: PMC10726648 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of natural product therapy have received sigificant attention, among which terpenoids such as sesquiterpene lactones stand out due to their biological activity and pharmacological potential as anti-tumor drugs. Inula sesquiterpene lactones are a kind of sesquiterpene lactones extracted from Inula species. They have many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and anti-allergic. In recent years, more and more studies have proved that they are important candidate drugs for the treatment of a variety of cancers because of its good anti-tumor activity. In this paper, the structure, structure-activity relationship, antitumor activities, mechanisms and targets of Inula sesquiterpene lactones reported in recent years were reviewed in order to provide clues for the development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chandrasekaran R, Krishnan M, Chacko S, Gawade O, Hasan S, Joseph J, George E, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Patil S, Jiang H. Assessment of anticancer properties of cumin seed ( Cuminum cyminum) against bone cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1322875. [PMID: 38125945 PMCID: PMC10730939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1322875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early-life osteosarcoma is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, particularly affecting young children and adults. The present cancer treatment regimen is exceedingly costly, and medications like ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin have unneeded negative effects on the body. With the introduction of hyphenated technology to create medications based on plant molecules, the application of ayurvedic medicine as a new dimension (formulation, active ingredients, and nanoparticles) in the modern period is rapidly growing. The primary source of lead compounds for the development of medications for avariety of ailments is plants and their products. Traditionally, Cuminum cyminum (cumin) has been used as medication to treat a variety of illnesses and conditions. Methods The cumin seed was successfully extracted with solvents Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone. Following the solvent extraction, the extract residue was assayed in MG63 cells for their anti-proliferative properties. Results First, we used the [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] (MTT) assay to test the extracted residue's cytotoxicity. The results show that hexane extract Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 86 µG/mL) effciently inhibits cells by causing programmed cell death. Furthermore, using the Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method, the lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the reactive oxygen species assay using the Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA) staining method, we have demonstrated that the hexane extract causes apoptosis in MG63 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry research revealed that the hexane extract stops the cell cycle in the S phase. In addition, the hexane extract limits colony formation and the migration potential as shown by the scratch wound healing assay. Furthermore, the extract from cumin seeds exhibits remarkable bactericidal properties against infections that are resistant to drugs. Gas chromatography analysis was used to quantitatively determine the hexane and methanolic extract based on the experimental data. The primary chemical components of the extract are revealed by the study, and these help the malignant cells heal. The present study finds that there is scientific validity in using cumin seeds as a novel method of anticancer therapy after undergoing both intrinsic and extrinsic research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthukumar Krishnan
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sonu Chacko
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Omkar Gawade
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sheik Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - John Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Evelin George
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education, Mysuru, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoli Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Yu X, Jia S, Yu S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Chen H, Dai Y. Recent advances in melittin-based nanoparticles for antitumor treatment: from mechanisms to targeted delivery strategies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:454. [PMID: 38017537 PMCID: PMC10685715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a naturally occurring cytolytic peptide, melittin (MLT) not only exhibits a potent direct tumor cell-killing effect but also possesses various immunomodulatory functions. MLT shows minimal chances for developing resistance and has been recognized as a promising broad-spectrum antitumor drug because of this unique dual mechanism of action. However, MLT still displays obvious toxic side effects during treatment, such as nonspecific cytolytic activity, hemolytic toxicity, coagulation disorders, and allergic reactions, seriously hampering its broad clinical applications. With thorough research on antitumor mechanisms and the rapid development of nanotechnology, significant effort has been devoted to shielding against toxicity and achieving tumor-directed drug delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MLT. Herein, we mainly summarize the potential antitumor mechanisms of MLT and recent progress in the targeted delivery strategies for tumor therapy, such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimulus-responsive targeting. Additionally, we also highlight the prospects and challenges of realizing the full potential of MLT in the field of tumor therapy. By exploring the antitumor molecular mechanisms and delivery strategies of MLT, this comprehensive review may inspire new ideas for tumor multimechanism synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Siyu Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Haidan Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Park SH. Special Issue "Osteosarcomas: Treatment Strategies". Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1233. [PMID: 37765041 PMCID: PMC10537053 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue, titled "Osteosarcomas: Treatment Strategies", aims to overview the recent and future research trends related to the treatment of osteosarcoma [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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Cha HS, Lee HK, Park SH, Nam MJ. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells by triggering ROS-dependent multiple signal pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 86:105521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Migheli R, Virdis P, Galleri G, Arru C, Lostia G, Coradduzza D, Muroni MR, Pintore G, Podda L, Fozza C, De Miglio MR. Antineoplastic Properties by Proapoptotic Mechanisms Induction of Inula viscosa and Its Sesquiterpene Lactones Tomentosin and Inuviscolide. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2739. [PMID: 36359261 PMCID: PMC9687476 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease including approximately 200 different entities that can potentially affect all body tissues. Among the conventional treatments, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are most often applied to different types of cancers. Despite substantial advances in the development of innovative antineoplastic drugs, cancer remains one of the most significant causes of death, worldwide. The principal pitfall of successful cancer treatment is the intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapeutic agents. The development of more effective or synergistic therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes and minimize toxicity has become an urgent issue. Inula viscosa is widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia. Used as a medicinal plant in different countries, I. viscosa has been characterized for its complex chemical composition in order to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for its biological activities, including anticancer effects. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are natural, biologically active products that have attracted considerable attention due to their biological activities. SLs are alkylating agents that form covalent adducts with free cysteine residues within enzymes and key proteins favoring cancer cell cytotoxicity. They are effective inducers of apoptosis in several cancer cell types through different molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on recent advances in the cytotoxic effects of I. viscosa and SLs in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, with a special emphasis on their proapoptotic molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Caterina Arru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giada Lostia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Podda
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Tomentosin induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through increasing reactive oxygen species and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105458. [PMID: 35988885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine possible anticancer effect of tomentosin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, on pancreatic cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of tomentosin was determined by XTT analysis. Colony formation and apoptosis analyzes were performed, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and change in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated in control and tomentosin-treated cells. The effect of tomentosin on expression levels of apoptosis-related genes was determined by qRT-PCR and Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins were analyzed by western blot. And, the effect of tomentosin on migration and invasion of cells were evaluated. The IC50 dose of tomentosin was found to be 31.11 μM in PANC-1 cells and 33.93 μM in MIA PaCa-2 cells for 48 h. And, treatment of tomentosin at IC50 dose suppressed the colony forming capacity of cells. While tomentosin increased apoptosis rate and ROS production, an decrease was observed in MMP. Tomentosin affected expression level of apoptosis-related genes and increased Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein levels. After tomentosin treatment, cell migration and invasion were suppressed. As a result, this study reveals that tomentosin has anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer cells, and therefore it predicts that tomentosin can be evaluated as an effective agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Aydin T, Saglamtas R, Dogan B, Kostekci E, Durmus R, Cakir A. A new specific method for isolation of tomentosin with a high yield from Inula viscosa (L.) and determination of its bioactivities. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:612-618. [PMID: 35243708 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tomentosin, the characteristic component of Inula viscosa (L.) is an important sesquiterpene lactone with anticarcinogenic effects. Methods of obtaining pure tomentosin are not sufficient for anticancer drug research. OBJECTIVES This study aims to develop a specific method to isolate tomentosin from I. viscosa with high yield. It also aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of tomentosin on human carbonic anhydrase I (hCAI), human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tomentosin was purified by a specific column chromatography method. The content of tomentosin in dichloromethane, dichloromethane by Soxhlet method, ethanol and ethanol by Soxhlet method extracts of I. viscosa was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) and inhibition constant (Ki ) values were calculated to determine in vitro enzyme inhibition effects. RESULTS Tomentosin was isolated in high yield (0.64%). The IC50 and Ki values for tomentosin were calculated as 5.00 ± 0.19 (r = 0.9688) and 4.62 ± 0.10 μM for hCAI, 5.40 ± 0.26 (r = 0.9677) and 5.22 ± 0.31 μM for hCAII, 6.75 ± 0.208 (r = 0.9891) and 3.75 ± 0.27 μM for AChE, 6.67 ± 0.307 (r = 0.9820) and 0.51 ± 0.11 μM for BChE, 26.61 ± 0.236 (r = 0.9815) and 2.61 ± 0.71 μM for α-glucosidase and 26.89 ± 1.54 μM (r = 0.9670) for α-amylase, respectively. CONCLUSION Tomentosin was isolated in high yield from the paste-like extract of I. viscosa compared to the positive controls, it was determined that tomentosin was weakly effective against hCAI, hCAII, AChE and BChE, but thoroughly effective against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These results suggested that tomentosin has α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Aydin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Ruya Saglamtas
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Busra Dogan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Evin Kostekci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Rukiye Durmus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cakir
- Faculty of Science and Letter, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Türkiye
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Yang S, Park SH, Oh SW, Kwon K, Yu E, Lee CW, Son YK, Kim C, Lee BH, Cho JY, Kim YJ, Lee J. Antioxidant Activities and Mechanisms of Tomentosin in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050990. [PMID: 35624854 PMCID: PMC9137523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomentosin, one of natural sesquiterpene lactones sourced from Inula viscosa L., exerts therapeutic effects in various cell types. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activities and the underlying action mechanisms of tomentosin in HaCaT cells (a human keratinocyte cell line). Specifically, we examined the involvement of tomentosin in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. Treatment with tomentosin for up to 60 min triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas treatment for 4 h or longer decreased ROS production. Tomentosin treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes. These data indicate that tomentosin induces ROS production at an early stage which activates the Nrf2 pathway by disrupting the Nrf2–Keap1 complex. However, at a later stage, ROS levels were reduced by tomentosin-induced upregulation of antioxidant genes. In addition, tomentosin induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) attenuated the tomentosin-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2, suggesting that JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways can contribute to the tomentosin-induced Nrf2 activation through phosphorylation of Nrf2. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment blocked both tomentosin-induced production of ROS and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. These data suggest that tomentosin-induced Nrf2 signaling is mediated both by tomentosin-induced ROS production and the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Moreover, tomentosin inhibited the AhR signaling pathway, as evidenced by the suppression of xenobiotic-response element (XRE) reporter activity and the translocation of AhR into nucleus induced by urban pollutants, especially benzo[a]pyrene. These findings suggest that tomentosin can ameliorate skin damage induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea;
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
| | - Chae Won Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Changmu Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (C.W.L.); (Y.K.S.); (C.K.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (S.Y.); (S.W.O.); (K.K.); (E.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (Y.-J.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
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Zaki M, Loubidi M, Bilgiç T, Birim D, Akssira M, Dagcı T, Berteina-Raboin S, Saso L, Khouili M, Armagan G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tomentosin Derivatives in NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040421. [PMID: 35455419 PMCID: PMC9027110 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor stimulation may lead to excitotoxicity, which triggers neuronal death in brain disorders. In addition to current clinical therapeutic approaches, treatment strategies by phytochemicals or their derivatives are under investigation for neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, novel amino and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of tomentosin were prepared and tested for their protective and anti-apoptotic effects in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Amino-tomentosin derivatives were generated through a diastereoselective conjugate addition of several secondary amines to the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone function, while the 1,2,3-triazolo-tomentosin was prepared by a regioselective Michael-type addition carried out in the presence of trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) and the α-methylene-γ-lactone function. The intermediate key thus obtained underwent 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition using a wide range of terminal alkynes. The possible effects of the derivatives on cell viability and free-radical production following NMDA treatment were measured by Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salts (WST-1) and Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate (DCF-DA) assays, respectively. The alterations in apoptosis-related proteins were examined by Western blot technique. Our study provides evidence that synthesized triazolo- and amino-tomentosin derivatives show neuroprotective effects by increasing cellular viability, decreasing ROS production, and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. The findings highlight particularly 2e, 2g, and 6d as potential regulators and neuroprotective agents in NMDA overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaki
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Department of Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Moulay Ismail University, BP. 3104, Toulal, Meknés 50000, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Loubidi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Tuğçe Bilgiç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (T.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Derviş Birim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Taner Dagcı
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (T.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.-R.); (G.A.); Tel.: +33-238494856 (S.B.-R.); +90-5323830693 (G.A.); Fax: +90-2323885258 (G.A.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Matériaux et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Campus Mghilla, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (S.B.-R.); (G.A.); Tel.: +33-238494856 (S.B.-R.); +90-5323830693 (G.A.); Fax: +90-2323885258 (G.A.)
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Abstract
Tomentosin is a natural compound known for its presence in some medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family such as Inula viscosa. Recent studies have highlighted its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Its anticancer mechanisms are unique and act at different levels ranging from cellular organization to molecular transcriptional factors and epigenetic modifications. Tomentosin’s possession of the modulatory effect on telomerase expression on tumor cell lines has captured the interest of researchers and spurred a more robust study on its anticancer effect. Since inflammation has a close link with cancer disease, this natural compound appears to be a potential cancer-fighting drug. Indeed, its recently demonstrated anti-inflammatory action can be considered as a starting point for its evaluation as an anticancer chemo-preventive agent
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Virdis P, Marchesi I, Fiorentino FP, Migheli R, Sanna L, Bordoni V, Pintore G, Galleri G, Muroni MR, Bagella L, Fozza C, De Miglio MR, Podda L. Tomentosin a Sesquiterpene Lactone Induces Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects in Human Burkitt Lymphoma by Deregulation of Anti- and Pro-Apoptotic Genes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111128. [PMID: 34833004 PMCID: PMC8623649 DOI: 10.3390/life11111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Tomentosin is the most representative sesquiterpene lactone extracted by I. viscosa. Recently, it has gained particular attention in therapeutic oncologic fields due to its anti-tumor properties. (2) In this study, the potential anticancer features of tomentosin were evaluated on human Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line, treated with increasing tomentosin concentration for cytotoxicity screening. (3) Our data showed that both cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis induction are responsible of the antiproliferative effects of tomentosin and may end in the inhibition of BL cell viability. Moreover, a microarray gene expression profile was performed to assess differentially expressed genes contributing to tomentosin activity. Seventy-five genes deregulated by tomentosin have been identified. Downregulated genes are enriched in immune-system pathways, and PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways which favor proliferation and growth processes. Importantly, different deregulated genes identified in tomentosin-treated BL cells are prevalent in molecular pathways known to lead to cellular death, specifically by apoptosis. Tomentosin-treatment in BL cells induces the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes such as BCL2A1 and CDKN1A and upregulation of the proapoptotic PMAIP1 gene. (4) Overall, our results suggest that tomentosin could be taken into consideration as a potential natural product with limited toxicity and relevant anti-tumoral activity in the therapeutic options available to BL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Irene Marchesi
- Kitos Biotech Srls, Porto Conte Ricerche, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (I.M.); (F.P.F.)
| | | | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Sanna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Valentina Bordoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.R.D.M.)
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (M.R.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Podda
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.V.); (R.M.); (L.S.); (G.G.); (M.R.M.); (L.P.)
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Virdis P, Migheli R, Bordoni V, Fiorentino FP, Sanna L, Marchesi I, Pintore G, Galleri G, Muroni MR, Bagella L, Fozza C, De Miglio MR, Podda L. Clarifying the molecular mechanism of tomentosin‑induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in human multiple myeloma via gene expression profile and genetic interaction network analysis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:213. [PMID: 34643251 PMCID: PMC8522960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive B cell malignancy. Substantial progress has been made in the therapeutic context for patients with MM, however it still represents an incurable disease due to drug resistance and recurrence. Development of more effective or synergistic therapeutic approaches undoubtedly represents an unmet clinical need. Tomentosin is a bioactive natural sesquiterpene lactone extracted by various plants with therapeutic properties, including anti-neoplastic effects. In the present study, the potential antitumor activity of tomentosin was evaluated on the human RPMI-8226 cell line, treated with increasing tomentosin concentration for cytotoxicity screening. The data suggested that both cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis could explain the antiproliferative effects of tomentosin and may result in the inhibition of RPMI-8226 cell viability. To assess differentially expressed genes contributing to tomentosin activity and identify its mechanism of action, a microarray gene expression profile was performed, identifying 126 genes deregulated by tomentosin. To address the systems biology and identify how tomentosin deregulates gene expression in MM from a systems perspective, all deregulated genes were submitted to enrichment and molecular network analysis. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that tomentosin in human MM induced the downregulation of genes involved in several pathways known to lead immune-system processes, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine or NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as genes involved in pathways playing a central role in cellular neoplastic processes, such as growth, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Tomentosin also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via upregulation of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 and DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein genes, suggesting that in the presence of tomentosin the protective unfolded protein response signaling may induce cell apoptosis. The functional connections analysis executed using the Connectivity Map tool, suggested that the effects of tomentosin on RPMI-8226 cells might be similar to those exerted by heat shock proteins inhibitors. Taken together, these data suggested that tomentosin may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Valentina Bordoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Sanna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Irene Marchesi
- Kitos Biotech Srls, Porto Conte Ricerche, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Luigi Podda
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, I‑07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
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Lee HK, Park SH, Nam MJ. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1985-1997. [PMID: 34002651 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211017972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MG132 is a potent, reversible, and cell-permeable 20S proteasome inhibitor and it is derived from a Chinese medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anticancer effects of MG132 against human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. We first performed MTT and colony formation assays to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of MG132. The results demonstrated that MG132 suppressed the proliferation of U2OS cells. Furthermore, we found that treatment with MG132 increased apoptosis and induced DNA damage in U2OS cells. Additionally, zymography, wound healing, and invasion assays showed that MG132 suppressed the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases, cell migration, and invasion, respectively of U2OS cells. Furthermore, western blotting assay was performed to investigate the apoptotic signaling pathways in MG132-treated U2OS cells. Our results showed that MG132 downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, including CDK2, CDK4, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, whereas it upregulated the expression of proapoptotic proteins, including p21, p27, p53, p-p53 (ser15, ser20, and ser46), cleaved forms of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and PARP, and FOXO3 in U2OS cells. These results demonstrated that MG132 activated apoptotic signaling pathways in U2OS cells. Interestingly, MG132 downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk. Taken together, our results suggest that MG132 has anticancer effects in U2OS cells. Therefore, MG132 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ki Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Acetylshikonin Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer HCT-15 and LoVo Cells via Nuclear Translocation of FOXO3 and ROS Level Elevation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6647107. [PMID: 33953834 PMCID: PMC8057882 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetylshikonin, a naphthoquinone, is a pigment compound derived from Arnebia sp., which is known for its anti-inflammatory potential. However, its anticarcinogenic effect has not been well investigated. Thus, in this study, we focused on investigating its apoptotic effects against HCT-15 and LoVo cells, which are human colorectal cancer cells. MTT assay, cell counting assay, and colony formation assay have shown acetylshikonin treatment induced cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation was observed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Also, the increase of subG1 phase in cell cycle arrest assay and early/late apoptotic rates in annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining assay was observed, which indicates an apoptotic potential of acetylshikonin against colorectal cancer cells. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in acetylshikonin-treated colorectal cancer cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that acetylshikonin induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptotic rate in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HCT-15 and LoVo cells. In contrast, cotreatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has reduced ROS generation and antiproliferative effects in colorectal cancer cells. Western blotting analysis showed that acetylshikonin treatment induced increase of cleaved PARP, γH2AX, FOXO3, Bax, Bim, Bad, p21, p27, and active forms of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, caspase-6, and caspase-8 protein levels, while those of inactive forms were decreased. Also, the expressions of pAkt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin 1 were decreased. Furthermore, western blotting analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractionated proteins showed that acetylshikonin treatment induced the nuclear translocation of FOXO3, which might result from DNA damage by the increased intracellular ROS level. This study represents apoptotic potential of acetylshikonin against colorectal cancer cells via translocation of FOXO3 to the nucleus and upregulation of ROS generation.
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Colak DK, Egeli U, Eryilmaz IE, Aybastier O, Malyer H, Cecener G, Tunca B. The Anticancer Effect of Inula viscosa Methanol Extract by miRNAs' Re-regulation: An in vitro Study on Human Malignant Melanoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:211-224. [PMID: 33570434 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1869791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternative and natural therapies are needed for malignant melanoma (MM), the most deadly skin cancer type due to chemotherapy's limited effect. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer potentials of Inula viscosa methanol and water extracts (IVM and IVW) on MM cells, A2058 and MeWo, and normal fibroblasts. After the chromatographic and antioxidant activity analysis, their antiproliferative effects were determined with the increasing doses for 24-72 h. IVM induced more cell death in a dose and time-dependent manner in MM cells compared to IVW. This effect was probably due to the higher amount of phenolics in it. IVM significantly induced more apoptotic death in MM cells than fibroblasts (p < 0.01), which was also supported morphologically. IVM also caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases in A2058 and MeWo, respectively, and suppressed the migration ability of MM cells (p < 0.01). Additionally, IVM was found to have significant potential in regulating MM-related miRNAs, upregulating miR-579 and miR-524, and downregulating miR-191 and miR-193, in MM cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). As a result, the anticancer effect of IVM via regulating miRNAs' expression has been demonstrated for the first time. Thus, IVM, with these potentials, may be a promising candidate for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Unal Egeli
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Onder Aybastier
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Malyer
- Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Yang L, Xie J, Almoallim HS, Alharbi SA, Chen Y. Tomentosin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MOLT-4 leukemia cancer cells through the inhibition of mTOR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22719. [PMID: 33501684 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is amongst the cancers accountable for substantial mortality around the world. Tomentosin is a bioactive compound with a pharmacological significance, and its anticancer property against human leukemia MOLT-4 cell line has never been reported. Hence, the objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activity of tomentosin in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells. In the current investigation, the cytotoxic effects of tomentosin ensuing potent toxicity (IC50 : 10 µM) in MOLT-4 cells after incubation at 24 h have been presented. Furthermore, tomentosin triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species production and showed the induction of intrinsic/mitochondrial pathways in treated MOLT-4 cells, revealing a significant cytotoxicity activity. Also, fluorescent microscopic studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide and propidium iodide staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in tomentosin-treated MOLT-4 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction presented a negative regulation of cyclin D1 and BcL-2 expression and a positive regulated BAX and caspase-3 messenger RNA expression in tomentosin-treated MOLT-4 cells. Tomentosin further inhibited the inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Additionally, inhibition of the m-TOR/PI3K/AKT protein expression by tomentosin in MOLT-4 cells was confirmed. Overall, these findings lead to a conclusion that tomentosin induces apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells through caspase-facilitated proapoptotic pathway, and inhibition of the NF-κB-stimulated Bcl-2 facilitated the antiapoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanli Chen
- Chronic Disease Management Office, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong, China
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Li H, Zhang J, Zhang S, Song Z. Chemopreventive effect of tomentosin against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced breast cancer progression and inhibits the cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells via downregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_558_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Chen J, Chen Z. Downregulation of miR-19a inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:173. [PMID: 32934740 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from the skeletal system, often occurring in bone tissues, and it is the most common malignant tumor in the skeletal system, with more than 90% of cases being highly malignant. The present study was designed to explore the regulatory effects of microRNA (miR)-19a on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, and its influence on the activation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The expression of miR-19a in adult SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells was downregulated via lentiviral transfection, and the cells were divided into a control group, NC-inhibitor group and miR-19a-inhibitor group. The expression of miR-19a in each group was detected via quantitative polymerase Chain reaction (qPCR). Next, the cell proliferation and apoptosis levels in each group were detected via methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was further determined. Moreover, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway-related proteins were detected through western blotting. The expression level of miR-19a in the miR-19a-inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the control group and NC-inhibitor group (P<0.01). Downregulation of miR-19a significantly reduced the proliferation ability (P<0.01), increased the apoptosis level of SaOS-2 cells (P<0.01), and significantly increased the ROS level in cells (P<0.01). Downregulation of miR-19a also promote cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 expression in the OS cells (P<0.01) and inhibited Bcl-2/Bax expression (P<0.01). Additionally, downregulation of miR-19a markedly lowered the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)JAK2, p-STAT3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in the cells (P<0.01). To conclude, downregulation of miR-19a can inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in SaOS-2 cells, promote the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and increase the ROS level in cells, thereby promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiang Chen
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital, Tiantai, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
| | - Zuhui Chen
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital, Tiantai, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
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Yu SH, Lee CM, Ha SH, Lee J, Jang KY, Park SH. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by tomentosin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:231-244. [PMID: 32787465 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120943935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tomentosin, a sesquiterpene lactone, is known to possess various biological activities. However, its anticarcinogenic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has not been investigated in detail. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of tomentosin in human HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7. WST-1, cell counting, and colony formation assay results showed that treatment with tomentosin decreased the viability and suppressed the proliferation rate of HepG2 and Huh7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed increased population of cells at the SubG1 and G2/M stage, and decreased population of cells at the G0/1 stage in HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with tomentosin. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and TUNEL assay results showed increased apoptotic cell population and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with tomentosin. Western blotting analysis results showed that tomentosin treatment significantly increased the expression level of Bax, Bim (short form), cleaved PARP1, FOXO3, p53, pSer15p53, pSer20p53, pSer46p53, p21, and p27, but decreased the expression of Bcl2, caspase3, caspase7, caspase9, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, CDK6, cyclinB1, cyclinD1, cyclinD2, cyclinD3, and cyclinE in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study revealed that tomentosin, which acted through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, may be a useful therapeutic option against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yu
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, 26714Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, 65666Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Y Jang
- Department of Pathology, 26714Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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22
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Applications of Sesquiterpene Lactones: A Review of Some Potential Success Cases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, a vast range of terpenoids isolated from Asteraceae species, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects and several of them are already commercially available, such as artemisinin. Here the most recent and impactful results of in vivo, preclinical and clinical studies involving a selection of ten sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone, arglabin, costunolide, cynaropicrin, helenalin, inuviscolide, lactucin, parthenolide, thapsigargin and tomentosin) are presented and discussed, along with some of their derivatives. In the authors’ opinion, these compounds have been neglected compared to others, although they could be of great use in developing important new pharmaceutical products. The selected sesquiterpenes show promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, acting on various targets. Moreover, they exhibit antifungal, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antitrypanosomal activities. Several studies discussed here clearly show the potential that some of them have in combination therapy, as sensitizing agents to facilitate and enhance the action of drugs in clinical use. The derivatives show greater pharmacological value since they have better pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. All these natural terpenoids and their derivatives exhibit properties that invite further research by the scientific community.
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23
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Yang H, Zhao H, Dong X, Yang Z, Chang W. Tomentosin induces apoptotic pathway by blocking inflammatory mediators via modulation of cell proteins in AGS gastric cancer cell line. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22501. [PMID: 32227673 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of tomentosin on cell proliferation by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, reactive oxygen species by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining assay, apoptosis (AO/EtBr, propidium iodide, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, mitochondrial membrane potential), cell adherent, cell migration, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress from gastric cancer cells (GCCs) AGS. Upon their relative cell proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic molecular markers were analyzed by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis method. Treatment with tomentosin (IC50 = 20 µM) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and oxidative stress-induced anti-cell proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin-D1) also regulated expression, drastically diminished tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β expression levels, significantly upregulated Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Thus, this tomentosin can significantly reduce GCC proliferation via cytotoxicity which is stimulated apoptosis markers via morphology staining changes and inhibitory inflammatory markers. The tomentosin-induced oxidative stress may be involved to stimulate apoptotic mechanisms via mitochondria-mediated signaling by the inhibition of inflammation. Taken together, our findings suggest a possible future use of chemotherapeutic agents for pharmacological benefits and as an anti-cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinhua Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chemical Basis of Reactive Oxygen Species Reactivity and Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102407. [PMID: 31096608 PMCID: PMC6566277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of individuals suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive loss of neurons. Oxidative stress, in particular, the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), play an important role in the development of these diseases, as evidenced by the detection of products of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation in vivo. Even if they participate in cell signaling and metabolism regulation, ROS are also formidable weapons against most of the biological materials because of their intrinsic nature. By nature too, neurons are particularly sensitive to oxidation because of their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, weak antioxidant defense and high oxygen consumption. Thus, the overproduction of ROS in neurons appears as particularly deleterious and the mechanisms involved in oxidative degradation of biomolecules are numerous and complexes. This review highlights the production and regulation of ROS, their chemical properties, both from kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, the links between them, and their implication in neurodegenerative diseases.
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