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Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Caffeine in liver diseases: Pharmacology and toxicology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030173. [PMID: 36324678 PMCID: PMC9618645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that adenosine A1AR antagonists, adenosine A2aAR antagonists, and caffeine have significant inhibitory effects on the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Many recent studies have found that moderate coffee consumption is beneficial for various liver diseases. The main active ingredient of coffee is caffeine, which is a natural non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Moreover, numerous preclinical epidemiological studies and clinical trials have examined the association between frequent coffee consumption and the risk of developing different liver diseases. In this review, we summarize and analyze the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of caffeine on various liver diseases, with an emphasis on cellular assays, animal experiments, and clinical trials. To review the prevention and treatment effects of caffeine on different liver diseases, we searched all literature before 19 July 2022, using “caffeine” and “liver disease” as keywords from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. We found that moderate coffee consumption has beneficial effects on various liver diseases, possibly by inhibiting adenosine binding to its receptors. Caffeine is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Liu, ; Xiongwen Lv,
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Liu, ; Xiongwen Lv,
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Hsu SJ, Huang HC, Pun CK, Chang CC, Chuang CL, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lee FY. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition Exacerbates Hepatic Encephalopathy in Biliary Cirrhotic Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:25-31. [PMID: 35926870 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In liver cirrhosis, hepatic inflammation and abundant portal-systemic collaterals are indicated for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a type of anti-diabetic agent which exert pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetes and chronic liver disease often coexist, but the influence of SGLT-2 inhibition on liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of SGLT-2 inhibition on cirrhotic rats. Biliary cirrhosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via common bile duct ligation. A total of two weeks of treatment with the SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin 30 mg/kg/d, was applied. The motor activities, hemodynamics, biochemistry parameters, plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the severity of portal-systemic collateral shunts were measured. The hepatic histopathology and protein expressions were examined. We found that empagliflozin treatment did not affect hemodynamics, liver biochemistry, or blood glucose levels in cirrhotic rats. Empagliflozin did not affect hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The protein expression of factors related to liver injury were not influenced by empagliflozin. However, empagliflozin decreased motor activities in cirrhotic rats and increased portal-systemic collateral shunts and VEGF plasma levels. In summary, SGLT-2 inhibition by empagliflozin did not ameliorate portal hypertension and hepatic inflammation in cirrhotic rats. In contrast, it exacerbated hepatic encephalopathy, which was evidenced by a decrease in motor activity. A possible mechanism could be an increase of portal-systemic shunts related to VEGF upregulation. Therefore, empagliflozin use should be cautious in cirrhotic patients regarding the development of hepatic encephalopathy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition by empagliflozin did not ameliorate portal hypertension and hepatic inflammation in cirrhotic rats. In contrast, it exacerbated hepatic encephalopathy through increased portal-systemic shunts related to VEGF up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jung Hsu
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Chon Kit Pun
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Division of General Medicine (H.C.H., C.C.C., C.L.C.) and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (S.J.H., Y.H.H.), Department of Medicine (C.K.P., M.C.H., F.Y.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.J.H., H.C.H., C.C.C., Y.H.H., M.C.H., F.Y.L.)
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Huang HC, Hsu SJ, Chang CC, Chuang CL, Hou MC, Lee FY. Effects of PCSK-9 Inhibition by Alirocumab Treatments on Biliary Cirrhotic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137378. [PMID: 35806383 PMCID: PMC9267099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress with elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is controlled by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody that decreases LDL via inhibiting PCSK9 function. Apart from lipid-lowering effects, alirocumab exerts anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-oxidant effects. This study aims to investigate the impact of alirocumab treatment on common bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced biliary cirrhotic rats. After a 4-week treatment of alirocumab, the hemodynamic data, blood biochemistry, ox-LDL level, oxidative stress markers, severity of hepatic encephalopathy and abnormal angiogenesis of BDL rats were measured and compared to the control group. BDL rats presented cirrhotic pictures and elevated ammonia, total cholesterol, LDL and ox-LDL levels compared to the control group. Alirocumab decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidative stress markers; however, it did not affect the hemodynamics, liver and renal biochemistry, and the plasma levels of ammonia and ox-LDL. The motor activities, portal-systemic collaterals and mesenteric vascular density were not significantly different between alirocumab-treated and control groups. In addition, it did not affect hepatic inflammation, intrahepatic angiogenesis, liver fibrosis and free cholesterol accumulation in the liver of BDL rats. In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibition by alirocumab treatment ameliorates hyperlipidemia and systemic oxidative stress in biliary cirrhotic rats. However, it does not affect the plasma level of ox-LDL, intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, PCSK9 inhibition has a neutral effect on abnormal angiogenesis and hepatic encephalopathy in biliary cirrhotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28753253; Fax: +886-2-28757809
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Yuan Y, Yang Y, Lei X, Dong W. Caffeine and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical benefits and the mechanisms involved. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1392-1400. [PMID: 35318830 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that occurs during the neonatal period and is commonly associated with prematurity. This condition results in a severe economic burden on society and the families involved. Caffeine is used not only for the treatment of apnea in prematurity, but also for the prevention of BPD. There are multiple clinical benefits of caffeine treatment, including improved extubation success, a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, improved lung function, and a reduction of patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment. These clinical benefits of caffeine for the treatment of BPD are supported by both clinical trials and evidence from animal models. However, the mechanism by which caffeine protects against BPD remains unclear. Here, we review the clinical value of caffeine in the prevention of BPD and its potential mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic properties, the regulation of angiogenesis, and diuretic effects. Our aim is to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Huang HC, Hsu SJ, Chang CC, Kao YC, Chuang CL, Hou MC, Lee FY. Lycopene treatment improves intrahepatic fibrosis and attenuates pathological angiogenesis in biliary cirrhotic rats. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:414-420. [PMID: 35120355 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is characterized by liver fibrosis and pathological angiogenesis, which results in hyperdynamic circulation, portal-systemic collateral vascular formation, and abnormal angiogenesis. Lycopene is a nutrient mostly found in tomatoes. The beneficial effects of lycopene include anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-angiogenesis; however, the association between liver cirrhosis and pathological angiogenesis has yet to be studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene on biliary cirrhotic rats. METHODS The efficacy of lycopene treatment in common bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced biliary cirrhotic rats was evaluated. Sham-operated rats served as surgical controls. Lycopene (20 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) or vehicle was administered to BDL or sham-operated rats for 4 weeks, after which the hemodynamics, liver biochemistry, portal-systemic shunting, liver and mesenteric angiogenesis, and hepatic angiogenesis-related protein expressions were examined. RESULTS Lycopene alleviated hyperdynamic circulation as evidenced by decreased cardiac index and increased peripheral vascular resistance (p < 0.05), but it did not affect portal pressure or liver biochemistry in the BDL rats (p > 0.05). Lycopene significantly diminished the shunting degree of portal-systemic collaterals (p = 0.04) and mesenteric vascular density (p = 0.01), and also ameliorated intrahepatic angiogenesis and liver fibrosis. In addition, lycopene upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) protein expressions (p < 0.05) in the livers of the BDL rats. CONCLUSION Lycopene ameliorated liver fibrosis, hyperdynamic circulation, and pathological angiogenesis in biliary cirrhotic rats, possibly through the modulation of intrahepatic Akt/PI3K/eNOS and VEGFR-2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chieh Kao
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Kanlaya R, Subkod C, Nanthawuttiphan S, Thongboonkerd V. Caffeine prevents oxalate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells by its anti-oxidative property through activation of Nrf2 signaling and suppression of Snail1 transcription factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111870. [PMID: 34246192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is an active ingredient found in coffee and energy beverages. Its hepatoprotective effects against liver fibrosis are well-documented. Nonetheless, its renoprotective effects against renal fibrogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes remain unclear and under-investigated. In this study, the protective effects of caffeine against oxalate-induced EMT in renal tubular cells were evaluated by various assays to measure expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, cell migrating activity, level of oxidized proteins, and expression of Nrf2 and Snail1. Oxalate at sublethal dose significantly suppressed cell proliferation but increased cell elongation, spindle index and migration. Oxalate also decreased expression of epithelial markers (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin) but increased expression of mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)). All of these EMT-inducing effects of oxalate could be prevented by pretreatment with caffeine. While oxalate increased oxidized proteins and Snail1 levels, it decreased Nrf2 expression. Caffeine could preserve all these molecules to their basal (control) levels. Finally, silencing of Nrf2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could abolish such protective effects of caffeine on oxalate-induced EMT. Our data indicate that the renoprotective effects of caffeine against oxalate-induced EMT is mediated, at least in part, by its anti-oxidative property through activation of Nrf2 signaling and suppression of Snail1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonnicha Subkod
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanan Nanthawuttiphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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