1
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Silly F, Dong C, Maurel F, Sun X. Two-Dimensional Hetero- to Homochiral Phase Transition from Dynamic Adsorption of Barbituric Acid Derivatives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2304. [PMID: 37630888 PMCID: PMC10458813 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Barbituric acid derivative (TDPT) is an achiral molecule, and its adsorption on a surface results in two opposite enantiomerically oriented motifs, namely TDPT-Sp and Rp. Two types of building blocks can be formed; block I is enantiomer-pure and is built up of the same motifs (format SpSp or RpRp) whereas block II is enantiomer-mixed and composes both motifs (format SpRp), respectively. The organization of the building blocks determines the formation of different nanoarchitectures which are investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy at a liquid/HOPG interface. Sophisticated, highly symmetric "nanowaves" are first formed from both building blocks I and II and are heterochiral. The "nanowaves" are metastable and evolve stepwisely into more close-packed "nanowires" which are formed from enantiomer-pure building block I and are homochiral. A dynamic hetero- to homochiral transformation and simultaneous multi-scale phase transitions are demonstrated at the single-molecule level. Our work provides novel insights into the control and the origin of chiral assemblies and chiral transitions, revealing the various roles of enantiomeric selection and chiral competition, driving forces, stability and molecular coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Silly
- TITANS, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France;
| | - Changzhi Dong
- ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - François Maurel
- ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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2
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Baljozović M, Arnoldi B, Grass S, Lacour J, Aeschlimann M, Stadtmüller B, Ernst KH. Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of heptahelicene layers on Cu(111) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044701. [PMID: 37486054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated previously that electrons interact differently with chiral molecules depending on their polarization. For enantiomeric pure monolayers of heptahelicene, opposite asymmetries in spin polarization were reported and attributed to the so-called chirality-induced spin selectivity effect. However, these promising proof-of-concept photoemission experiments lack the angular and energy resolution that could provide the necessary insights into the mechanism of this phenomenon. In order to fill in the missing gaps, we provide a detailed spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of heptahelicene layers on a Cu(111) substrate. Throughout the large accessible energy and angle range, no chirality induced spin asymmetry in photoemission could be observed. Possible reasons for the absence of signatures of the spin-dependent electron transmission through the chiral molecular layer are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baljozović
- Molecular Surface Science Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - B Arnoldi
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S Grass
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Aeschlimann
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Stadtmüller
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K-H Ernst
- Molecular Surface Science Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Mendieta‐Moreno JI, Mallada B, de la Torre B, Cadart T, Kotora M, Jelínek P. Unusual Scaffold Rearrangement in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Driven by Concerted Action of Single Gold Atoms on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208010. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry Palacký University Olomouc Str. 17. listopadu 12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic Chemistry Charles University 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry Charles University 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
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4
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Han Q, Li Z, Sun K, Tao ML, Shi MX, Yang DX, Xia JX, Wan JJ, Wang JZ. Spontaneous chiral resolution of pentahelicene molecules on Cd(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10292-10296. [PMID: 35437551 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral resolution is of fundamental importance to conglomerate or racemate crystallization. Here we demonstrate that the spontaneous chiral resolution of pentahelicene racemates occurred in the monolayer domains. When deposited on a Cd(0001) surface, pentahelicene molecules crystallize into a commensurate (6 × 6)R0° structure built mainly from homochiral trimers. Spontaneous chirality separation takes place in the form of opposite mirror domains, where 2D enantiomorphism is not expressed by the oblique adlattice, but by the supramolecular chirality of the pentahelicene trimers. Furthermore, annealing the sample or extreme close-packing lead to the presence of lattice handedness through the formation of a porous network structure or an edge-on phase. These results provide valuable insight for 2D conglomerate crystallization and stereochemical recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Da-Xiao Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing-Xiang Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Nishide T, Hayashi S. Intrinsic Dynamic and Static Nature of π···π Interactions in Fused Benzene-Type Helicenes and Dimers, Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:321. [PMID: 35159667 PMCID: PMC8838236 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic dynamic and static nature of the π···π interactions between the phenyl groups in proximity of helicenes 3-12 are elucidated with the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The π···π interactions appear in C-∗-C, H-∗-H, and C-∗-H, with the asterisks indicating the existence of bond critical points (BCPs) on the interactions. The interactions of 3-12 are all predicted to have a p-CS/vdW nature (vdW nature of the pure closed-shell interaction), except for 2Cbay-∗-7Cbay of 10, which has a p-CS/t-HBnc nature (typical-HBs with no covalency). (See the text for definition of the numbers of C and the bay and cape areas). The natures of the interactions are similarly elucidated between the components of helicene dimers 6:6 and 7:7 with QTAIM-DFA, which have a p-CS/vdW nature. The characteristic electronic structures of helicenes are clarified through the natures predicted with QTAIM-DFA. Some bond paths (BPs) in helicenes appeared or disappeared, depending on the calculation methods. The static nature of Ccape-∗-Ccape is very similar to that of Cbay-∗-Cbay in 9-12, whereas the dynamic nature of Ccape-∗-Ccape appears to be very different from that of Cbay-∗-Cbay. The results will be a guide to design the helicene-containing materials of high functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan;
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Mikhailov OV. The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in Its Publications: The First 300 Thematic Articles in the First 3 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:241. [PMID: 35008667 PMCID: PMC8745423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Section (PCCP Section) is one of the youngest among the sections of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)-the year 2021 will only mark three years since its inception [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Mikhailov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Certification and Quality Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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7
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Xia JX, Li Z, Han Q, Wan JJ, Shi MX, Tao ML, Sun K, Wang JZ. Homochiral to heterochiral transition in a pentahelicene monolayer on Bi(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24344-24348. [PMID: 34676838 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the nucleation and two dimensional (2D) crystallization of the helical aromatic hydrocarbon pentahelicene ([5]H) on the semimetallic Bi(111) surface studied via low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Individual homochiral dimers and heterochiral trimers appear on the substrate at a low coverage. With an increase in the coverage, a chiral phase transition takes place from the 2D conglomerate of [5]H dimers to the 2D racemate of [5]H trimers. The heterochiral [5]H trimers reveal a wavy arrangement due to the swing of 5[H] trimer rows after every second or third trimers. The swing mechanism of the trimer rows can be attributed to the steric repulsion between the adjacent trimers with same handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,School of Science, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, China
| | - Qing Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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8
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Ishii A, Shiotari A, Sugimoto Y. Mechanically induced single-molecule helicity switching of graphene-nanoribbon-fused helicene on Au(111). Chem Sci 2021; 12:13301-13306. [PMID: 34777748 PMCID: PMC8528025 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicene is a functional material with chirality caused by its characteristic helical geometry. The inversion of its helicity by external stimuli is a challenging task in the advanced control of the molecular chirality. This study fabricated a novel helical molecule, specifically a pentahelicene-analogue twisted aromatic hydrocarbon fused with a graphene nanoribbon, via on-surface synthesis using multiple precursors. Noncontact atomic force microscopy imaging with high spatial resolution confirmed the helicity of the reaction products. The helicity was geometrically converted by pushing a CO-terminated tip into the twisted framework, which is the first demonstration of helicity switching at the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Ishii
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8561 Kashiwa Japan +81 4 7536 4058 +81 4 7536 3997
| | - Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8561 Kashiwa Japan +81 4 7536 4058 +81 4 7536 3997
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8561 Kashiwa Japan +81 4 7536 4058 +81 4 7536 3997
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Mallada B, de la Torre B, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Nachtigallová D, Matěj A, Matoušek M, Mutombo P, Brabec J, Veis L, Cadart T, Kotora M, Jelínek P. On-Surface Strain-Driven Synthesis of Nonalternant Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds Containing Four- to Eight-Membered Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14694-14702. [PMID: 34379396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing various non-benzenoid rings remains a big challenge facing contemporary organic chemistry despite a considerable effort made over the last decades. Herein, we present a novel route, employing on-surface chemistry, to synthesize nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing up to four distinct kinds of non-benzenoid rings. We show that the surface-induced mechanical constraints imposed on strained helical reactants play a decisive role leading to the formation of products, energetically unfavorable in solution, with a peculiar ring current stabilizing the aromatic character of the π-conjugated system. Determination of the chemical and electronic structures of the most frequent product reveals its closed-shell character and low band gap. The present study renders a new route for the synthesis of novel nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other hydrocarbons driven by internal stress imposed by the surface not available by traditional approaches of organic chemistry in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Matoušek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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