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Pasha A, Tondo A, Favre C, Calvani M. Inside the Biology of the β3-Adrenoceptor. Biomolecules 2024; 14:159. [PMID: 38397396 PMCID: PMC10887351 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1989, the β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has gained great attention because it showed the ability to regulate many physiologic and metabolic activities, such as thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and white adipose tissue, respectively (BAT, WAT), negative inotropic effects in cardiomyocytes, and relaxation of the blood vessels and the urinary bladder. The β3-AR has been suggested as a potential target for cancer treatment, both in adult and pediatric tumors, since under hypoxia its upregulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates stromal cell differentiation, tumor growth and metastases, signifying that its agonism/antagonism could be useful for clinical benefits. Promising results in cancer research have proposed the β3-AR being targeted for the treatment of many conditions, with some drugs, at present, undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. In this review, we report the scientific journey followed by the research from the β3-Ars' discovery, with focus on the β3-Ars' role in cancer initiation and progression that elects it an intriguing target for novel antineoplastic approaches. The overview highlights the great potential of the β3-AR, both in physiologic and pathologic conditions, with the intention to display the possible benefits of β3-AR modulation in cancer reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada Pasha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
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Yasir M, Park J, Han ET, Park WS, Han JH, Kwon YS, Lee HJ, Hassan M, Kloczkowski A, Chun W. Exploration of Flavonoids as Lead Compounds against Ewing Sarcoma through Molecular Docking, Pharmacogenomics Analysis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010414. [PMID: 36615603 PMCID: PMC9823950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly malignant carcinoma prevalent in children and most frequent in the second decade of life. It mostly occurs due to t(11;22) (q24;q12) translocation. This translocation encodes the oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI (Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor), which acts as an aberrant transcription factor to deregulate target genes essential for cancer. Traditionally, flavonoids from plants have been investigated against viral and cancerous diseases and have shown some promising results to combat these disorders. In the current study, representative flavonoid compounds from various subclasses are selected and used to disrupt the RNA-binding motif of EWS, which is required for EWS/FLI fusion. By blocking the RNA-binding motif of EWS, it might be possible to combat ES. Therefore, molecular docking experiments validated the binding interaction patterns and structural behaviors of screened flavonoid compounds within the active region of the Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS). Furthermore, pharmacogenomics analysis was used to investigate potential drug interactions with Ewing sarcoma-associated genes. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the stability of the best selected docked complexes. Taken together, daidzein, kaempferol, and genistein exhibited a result comparable to ifosfamide in the proposed in silico study and can be further analyzed as possible candidate compounds in biological in vitro studies against ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8853
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Li Z, Zhou J, Ji L, Liang Y, Xie S. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Its Complexes, and Its Derivatives. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lianru Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingye Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Amer A, Fabio F, Valoti M. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Modulates the Effects of Flavonoids on Rat Aorta Rings: Role of Superoxide Anion and β3 Receptors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xu Q, Li YC, Du C, Wang LN, Xiao YH. Effects of Apigenin on the Expression of LOX-1, Bcl-2, and Bax in Hyperlipidemia Rats. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100049. [PMID: 34118114 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of apigenin on LOX-1, Bcl-2, and Bax expression in hyperlipidemia rats and explore the possible molecular pathological mechanism of apigenin in improving hyperlipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis. In hyperlipidemia models, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and the LOX-1 protein expression were apparently increased (P<0.01), while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were reduced significantly (P<0.01) in comparison with the standard control group. After the treatment of apigenin, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, and the LOX-1 protein expression were noticeably decreased (P<0.01), while the levels of HDL-c and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were increased (P<0.01). The intima was thickened and had protrusions in the hyperlipidemia model group compared to the normal control group. In comparison with the atherosclerosis model group, the degree of aortic lesions in the low-dose, middle-dose, high-dose groups was alleviated. Apigenin can reduce the level of blood lipid, improve hyperlipidemia, and prevent atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia rats. The molecular mechanism may be related to inhibiting LOX-1 gene expression and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
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β3-Adrenoreceptors as ROS Balancer in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062835. [PMID: 33799536 PMCID: PMC8000316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has acquired a primary role in the management of a broad spectrum of diseases including cancer, hematologic conditions, immune system dysregulations, and inborn errors of metabolism. The different types of HSCT, autologous and allogeneic, include risks of severe complications including acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) complications, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, lung injury, and infections. Despite being a dangerous procedure, it improved patient survival. Hence, its use was extended to treat autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, malignant infantile disorders, and hereditary skeletal dysplasia. HSCT is performed to restore or treat various congenital conditions in which immunologic functions are compromised, for instance, by chemo- and radiotherapy, and involves the administration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in patients with depleted or dysfunctional bone marrow (BM). Since HSCs biology is tightly regulated by oxidative stress (OS), the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is important to maintain their self-renewal capacity. In quiescent HSCs, low ROS levels are essential for stemness maintenance; however, physiological ROS levels promote HSC proliferation and differentiation. High ROS levels are mainly involved in short-term repopulation, whereas low ROS levels are associated with long-term repopulating ability. In this review, we aim summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) in regulating HSCs redox homeostasis. β3-ARs play a major role in regulating stromal cell differentiation, and the antagonist SR59230A promotes differentiation of different progenitor cells in hematopoietic tumors, suggesting that β3-ARs agonism and antagonism could be exploited for clinical benefit.
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Pini A, Fazi C, Nardini P, Calvani M, Fabbri S, Guerrini A, Forni G, La Marca G, Rosa AC, Filippi L. Effect of Beta 3 Adrenoreceptor Modulation on Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122625. [PMID: 33297453 PMCID: PMC7762377 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β3-adrenoreceptor (β3-AR), a G-protein coupled receptor, has peculiar regulatory properties in response to oxygen and widespread localization. β3-AR is expressed in the most frequent neoplasms, also occurring in pregnant women, and its blockade reduces tumor growth, indicating β3-AR-blockers as a promising alternative to antineoplastic drugs during pregnancy. However, β3-AR involvement in prenatal morphogenesis and the consequences of its blockade for the fetus remain unknown. In this study, after the demonstrated expression of β3-AR in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of ductus arteriosus (DA), C57BL/6 pregnant mice were acutely treated at 18.5 of gestational day (GD) with indomethacin or with the selective β3-AR antagonist SR59230A, or chronically exposed to SR59230A from 15.5 to 18.5 GD. Six hours after the last treatment, fetuses were collected. Furthermore, newborn mice were treated straight after birth with BRL37344, a β3-AR agonist, and sacrificed after 7 h. SR59230A, at the doses demonstrated effective in reducing cancer progression (10 and 20 mg/kg) in acute and chronic mode, did not induce fetal DA constriction and did not impair the DA ability to close after birth, whereas at the highest dose (40 mg/kg), it was shown to cause DA constriction and preterm-delivery. BRL37344 administered immediately after birth did not alter the physiological DA closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-0552758155 (A.P.); +39-050993677 (L.F)
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sergio Fabbri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Forni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pediatric Neurosciences, “A. Meyer” University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.F.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Giancarlo La Marca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pediatric Neurosciences, “A. Meyer” University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.F.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luca Filippi
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-0552758155 (A.P.); +39-050993677 (L.F)
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Preliminary Study on β3-Adrenoreceptor as Predictor Marker of Relapse in Ewing Sarcoma Patients. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100413. [PMID: 33066095 PMCID: PMC7600453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a paediatric aggressive malignant tumour of bones and soft tissues. Multidisciplinary chemotherapies, surgical resection, and radiation represent the only strategies counteracting the disease, however spreading and relapse of disease still remain a clinical issue. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are an important feature of EWS but the prognostic significance has not been, yet, clarified. CTCs have been found both in patients with localized disease and in those who recur or metastasize. The identification of markers that can detect recurrences and metastasis remains an important challenge for research. Unfortunately, even most of patients with localized cancer relapsed and the reason has not yet been fully understood. In this clinical study on EWS patients, we evaluated the expression of CD99 antigen and beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) on CTCs and bioptic derived cells by flow cytometry. The preliminary data revealed a higher β3-AR expression on cells derived from metastatic or relapsed patients, suggesting a role for the β3-AR as a possible predictive maker of disease recurrence in both patients with metastatic and localized disease.
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Spotlight on ROS and β3-Adrenoreceptors Fighting in Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6346529. [PMID: 31934266 PMCID: PMC6942895 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6346529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of ROS and RNS is a long-standing debate in cancer. Increasing the concentration of ROS reaching the toxic threshold can be an effective strategy for the reduction of tumor cell viability. On the other hand, cancer cells, by maintaining intracellular ROS concentration at an intermediate level called “mild oxidative stress,” promote the activation of signaling that favors tumor progression by increasing cell viability and dangerous tumor phenotype. Many chemotherapeutic treatments induce cell death by rising intracellular ROS concentration. The persistent drug stimulation leads tumor cells to simulate a process called hormesis by which cancer cells exhibit a biphasic response to exposure to drugs used. After a first strong response to a low dose of chemotherapeutic agent, cancer cells start to decrease the response even if high doses of drugs were used. In this framework, β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) fit with an emerging antioxidant role in cancer. β3-ARs are involved in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune tolerance. Its inhibition, by the selective β3-ARs antagonist (SR59230A), leads cancer cells to increase ROS concentration thus inducing cell death and to decrease NO levels thus inhibiting angiogenesis. In this review, we report an overview on reactive oxygen biology in cancer cells focusing on β3-ARs as new players in the antioxidant pathway.
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