1
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Cowie RM, Macri-Pellizzeri L, McLaren J, Sanderson WJ, Felfel RM, Scotchford CA, Scammell BE, Grant DM, Sottile V, Jennings LM. Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical in vitro tribological study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230431. [PMID: 38204795 PMCID: PMC10776221 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteochondral grafts are used for repair of focal osteochondral lesions. Autologous grafts are the gold standard treatment; however, limited graft availability and donor site morbidity restrict use. Therefore, there is a clinical need for different graft sources/materials which replicate natural cartilage function. Chitosan has been proposed for this application. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics and biotribology of a bioresorbable chitosan/chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral construct (OCC), implanted in an in vitro porcine knee experimental simulation model. The OCC implanted in different surgical positions (flush, proud and inverted) was compared to predicate grafts in current clinical use and a positive control consisting of a stainless steel graft implanted proud of the cartilage surface. After 3 h (10 800 cycles) wear simulation under a walking gait, subsidence occurred in all OCC samples irrespective of surgical positioning, but with no apparent loss of material and low meniscus wear. Half the predicate grafts exhibited delamination and scratching of the cartilage surfaces. No graft subsidence occurred in the positive controls but wear and deformation of the meniscus were apparent. Implanting a new chitosan-based OCC either optimally (flush), inverted or proud of the cartilage surface resulted in minimal wear, damage and deformation of the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene M. Cowie
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Macri-Pellizzeri
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane McLaren
- Academic Unit Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Reda M. Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Colin A. Scotchford
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brigitte E. Scammell
- Academic Unit Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David M. Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Louise M. Jennings
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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2
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Shi X, Zhang R, He Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Wang W. Synthesis Technology of Magnesium-Doped Nanometer Hydroxyapatite: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44458-44471. [PMID: 38046298 PMCID: PMC10688058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion substitution techniques for nanoparticles have become an important neighborhood of biomedical engineering and have led to the development of innovative bioactive materials for health systems. Magnesium-doped nanohydroxyapatite (Mg-nHA) has good bone conductivity, biological activity, flexural strength, and fracture toughness due to particle doping technology, making it an ideal candidate material for biomedical applications. In this Review, we have systematically presented the synthesis methods of Mg-nHA and their application in the field of biomedical science and highlighted the pros and cons of each method. Finally, some future prospects for this important neighborhood are proposed. The purpose of this Review is to provide readers with an understanding of this new field of research on bioactive materials with innovative functions and systematically introduce the latest technologies for obtaining uniform, continuous, and morphologically diverse Mg-nHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department
of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xi ’an Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Zhenrui Zhao
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yixiang He
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huaibin Zhang
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yi Sun
- The
First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department
of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou
University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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3
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Chacon EL, Bertolo MRV, de Guzzi Plepis AM, da Conceição Amaro Martins V, dos Santos GR, Pinto CAL, Pelegrine AA, Teixeira ML, Buchaim DV, Nazari FM, Buchaim RL, Sugano GT, da Cunha MR. Collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone repair in ovariectomized rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36593236 PMCID: PMC9807587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions with bone loss may require autologous grafts, which are considered the gold standard; however, natural or synthetic biomaterials are alternatives that can be used in clinical situations that require support for bone neoformation. Collagen and hydroxyapatite have been used for bone repair based on the concept of biomimetics, which can be combined with chitosan, forming a scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. However, osteoporosis caused by gonadal hormone deficiency can thus compromise the expected results of the osseointegration of scaffolds. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoregenerative capacity of collagen (Co)/chitosan (Ch)/hydroxyapatite (Ha) scaffolds in rats with hormone deficiency caused by experimental bilateral ovariectomy. Forty-two rats were divided into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, divided into three subgroups: control (empty defect) and two subgroups receiving collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds prepared using different methods of hydroxyapatite incorporation, in situ (CoChHa1) and ex situ (CoChHa2). The defect areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, and histomorphometric analysis. No inflammatory processes were found in the tibial defect area that would indicate immune rejection of the scaffolds, thus confirming the biocompatibility of the biomaterials. Bone formation starting from the margins of the bone defect were observed in all rats, with a greater volume in the NO groups, particularly the group receiving CoChHa2. Less bone formation was found in the O subgroups when compared to the NO. In conclusion, collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds stimulate bone growth in vivo but abnormal conditions of bone fragility caused by gonadal hormone deficiency may have delayed the bone repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erivelto Luís Chacon
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-590 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-970 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Antônio Pelegrine
- grid.456544.20000 0004 0373 160XDepartment of Implant Dentistry, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, 13045-755 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira
- grid.456544.20000 0004 0373 160XProsthodontics Department, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, 13045-755 Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, 17525-902 Brazil ,Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina, 17800-000 Brazil
| | | | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, 17012-901 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tenório Sugano
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-970 Brazil
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4
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Obtaining and Characterizing Composite Biomaterials of Animal Resources with Potential Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173544. [PMID: 36080619 PMCID: PMC9460659 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw materials, such as collagen and chitosan, obtained from by-products from the food industry (beef hides and crustacean exoskeletons), can be used to obtain collagen–chitosan composite biomaterials, with potential applications in regenerative medicine. Functionalization of these composite biomaterials is a possibility, thus, resulting in a molecule with potential applications in regenerative medicine, namely clotrimazole (a molecule with antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activity), at a mass ratio (collagen–chitosan–clotrimazole) of 1:1:0.1. This functionalized composite biomaterial has great potential for application in regenerative medicine, due to the following properties: (1) it is porous, and the pores formed are interconnected, due to the use of a mass ratio between collagen and chitosan of 1:1; (2) the size of the formed pores is between 500–50 μm; (3) between collagen and chitosan, hydrogen bonds are formed, which ensure the unity of composite biomaterial; (4) the functionalized bio-composite exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA; for the latter microorganism, the antimicrobial activity is equivalent to that of the antibiotic Minocycline; (5) the proliferation tests performed on a standardized line of normal human cells with simple or composite materials obtained by lyophilization do not show cytotoxicity in the concentration range studied (10–500) μg/mL.
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5
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Silva SK, Plepis AMG, Martins VDCA, Horn MM, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Pelegrine AA, Silva VR, Kudo MHM, Fernandes JFR, Nazari FM, da Cunha MR. Suitability of Chitosan Scaffolds with Carbon Nanotubes for Bone Defects Treated with Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126503. [PMID: 35742948 PMCID: PMC9223695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been investigated as an alternative for the treatment of bone defects, such as chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds, which allow cell proliferation. However, bone regeneration can be accelerated by electrotherapeutic resources that act on bone metabolism, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Thus, this study evaluated the regeneration of bone lesions grafted with chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds and associated with LLLT. For this, a defect (3 mm) was created in the femur of thirty rats, which were divided into 6 groups: Control (G1/Control), LLLT (G2/Laser), Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes (G3/C+CNTs), Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes with LLLT (G4/C+CNTs+L), Mineralized Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes (G5/C+CNTsM) and Mineralized Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes with LLLT (G6/C+CNTsM+L). After 5 weeks, the biocompatibility of the chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds was observed, with the absence of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrotic tissue. Bone neoformation was denser, thicker and voluminous in G6/C+CNTsM+L. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the relative percentage and standard deviations (mean ± SD) of new bone formation in groups G1 to G6 were 59.93 ± 3.04a (G1/Control), 70.83 ± 1.21b (G2/Laser), 70.09 ± 4.31b (G3/C+CNTs), 81.6 ± 5.74c (G4/C+CNTs+L), 81.4 ± 4.57c (G5/C+CNTsM) and 91.3 ± 4.81d (G6/C+CNTsM+L), respectively, with G6 showing a significant difference in relation to the other groups (a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d; p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry also revealed good expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It was concluded that chitosan-based carbon nanotube materials combined with LLLT effectively stimulated the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ketelyn Silva
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Ana Maria Guzzi Plepis
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | | | - Marilia Marta Horn
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary and Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil;
- Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Mateus Hissashi Matsumoto Kudo
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - José Francisco Rebello Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Fabricio Montenegro Nazari
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3395-2100
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6
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Recent strategies of collagen-based biomaterials for cartilage repair: from structure cognition to function endowment. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCollagen, characteristic in biomimetic composition and hierarchical structure, boasts a huge potential in repairing cartilage defect due to its extraordinary bioactivities and regulated physicochemical properties, such as low immunogenicity, biocompatibility and controllable degradation, which promotes the cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Therefore, collagen-based biomaterial has been explored as porous scaffolds or functional coatings in cell-free scaffold and tissue engineering strategy for cartilage repairing. Among those forming technologies, freeze-dry is frequently used with special modifications while 3D-printing and electrospinning serve as the structure-controller in a more precise way. Besides, appropriate cross-linking treatment and incorporation with bioactive substance generally help the collagen-based biomaterials to meet the physicochemical requirement in the defect site and strengthen the repairing performance. Furthermore, comprehensive evaluations on the repair effects of biomaterials are sorted out in terms of in vitro, in vivo and clinical assessments, focusing on the morphology observation, characteristic production and critical gene expression. Finally, the challenge of biomaterial-based therapy for cartilage defect repairing was summarized, which is, the adaption to the highly complex structure and functional difference of cartilage.
Graphical abstract
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7
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Ai C, Lee YHD, Tan XH, Tan SHS, Hui JHP, Goh JCH. Osteochondral tissue engineering: Perspectives for clinical application and preclinical development. J Orthop Translat 2021; 30:93-102. [PMID: 34722152 PMCID: PMC8517716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains challenging. Among currently available surgical treatments for OCDs, scaffold-based treatments are promising to regenerate the osteochondral unit. However, there is still no consensus regarding the clinical effectiveness of these scaffold-based therapies for OCDs. Previous reviews have described the gradient physiological characteristics of osteochondral tissue and gradient scaffold design for OCD, tissue engineering strategies, biomaterials, and fabrication technologies. However, the discussion on bridging the gap between the clinical need and preclinical research is still limited, on which we focus in the present review, providing an insight into what is currently lacking in tissue engineering methods that failed to yield satisfactory outcomes, and what is needed to further improve these techniques. Currently available surgical treatments for OCDs are firstly summarized, followed by a comprehensive review on experimental animal studies in recent 5 years on osteochondral tissue engineering. The review will then conclude with what is currently lacking in these animal studies and the recommendations that would help enlighten the community in developing more clinically relevant implants. The translational potential of this article This review is attempting to summarize the lessons from clinical and preclinical failures, providing an insight into what is currently lacking in TE methods that failed to yield satisfactory outcomes, and what is needed to further improve these implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchong Ai
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Han Dave Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xuan Hao Tan
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Heng Sharon Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Kresakova L, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Medvecky L, Zert Z, Petrovova E, Varga M, Spakovska T, Pribula J, Gasparek M, Giretova M, Stulajterova R, Kolvek F, Andrejcakova Z, Simaiova V, Kadasi M, Vrabec V, Toth T, Hura V. In Vivo Study of Osteochondral Defect Regeneration Using Innovative Composite Calcium Phosphate Biocement in a Sheep Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4471. [PMID: 34442993 PMCID: PMC8398687 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect and regenerative potential of the novel, amino acids-enriched acellular biocement (CAL) based on calcium phosphate on osteochondral defects in sheep. Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups, the treated group (osteochondral defects filled with a CAL biomaterial), the treated group with a biocement without amino acids (C cement), and the untreated group (spontaneous healing). Cartilages of all three groups were compared with natural cartilage (negative control). After six months, sheep were evaluated by gross appearance, histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, histological scores, X-ray, micro-CT, and MRI. Treatment of osteochondral defects by CAL resulted in efficient articular cartilage regeneration, with a predominant structural and histological characteristic of hyaline cartilage, contrary to fibrocartilage, fibrous tissue or disordered mixed tissue on untreated defect (p < 0.001, modified O'Driscoll score). MRI results of treated defects showed well-integrated and regenerated cartilage with similar signal intensity, regularity of the articular surface, and cartilage thickness with respect to adjacent native cartilage. We have demonstrated that the use of new biocement represents an effective solution for the successful treatment of osteochondral defects in a sheep animal model, can induce an endogenous regeneration of cartilage in situ, and provides several benefits for the design of future therapies supporting osteochondral defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kresakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Lubomir Medvecky
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Zdenek Zert
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Eva Petrovova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Maros Varga
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Tatiana Spakovska
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jozef Pribula
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Miroslav Gasparek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Maria Giretova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Radoslava Stulajterova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Filip Kolvek
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Simaiova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Marian Kadasi
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimir Vrabec
- Clinic of Birds, Exotic and Free Living Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Teodor Toth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimir Hura
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
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9
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Sobczak-Kupiec A, Drabczyk A, Florkiewicz W, Głąb M, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Słota D, Tomala A, Tyliszczak B. Review of the Applications of Biomedical Compositions Containing Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Modified by Bioactive Components. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2096. [PMID: 33919199 PMCID: PMC8122483 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is becoming a rapidly evolving technique in today's biomedical progress scenario. Scientists around the world suggest the use of naturally synthesized biomaterials to repair and heal damaged cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the potential to replace drugs in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. HAp is easily biodegradable, biocompatible, and correlated with macromolecules, which facilitates their incorporation into inorganic materials. This review article provides extensive knowledge on HAp and collagen-containing compositions modified with drugs, bioactive components, metals, and selected nanoparticles. Such compositions consisting of HAp and collagen modified with various additives are used in a variety of biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering, vascular transplantation, cartilage, and other implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bożena Tyliszczak
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.D.); (W.F.); (M.G.); (S.K.-K.); (D.S.); (A.T.)
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10
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PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects-An Experimental Animal Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081232. [PMID: 33920328 PMCID: PMC8069702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer composites allow the creation of an optimal environment for the regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of articular cartilage, where natural regeneration potential is limited. In this experimental study, we used the sheep animal model for the creation of knee cartilage defects. In the medial part of the trochlea and on the medial condyle of the femur, we created artificial defects (6 × 3 mm2) with microfractures. In four experimental sheep, both defects were subsequently filled with the porous acellular polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CHIT)-based implant. Two sheep had untreated defects. We evaluated the quality of the newly formed tissue in the femoral trochlea defect site using imaging (X-ray, Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)), macroscopic, and histological methods. Macroscopically, the surface of the treated regenerate corresponded to the niveau of the surrounding cartilage. X-ray examination 6 months after the implantation confirmed the restoration of the contour in the subchondral calcified layer and the advanced rate of bone tissue integration. The CT scan revealed a low regenerative potential in the bone zone of the defect compared to the cartilage zone. The percentage change in cartilage density at the defect site was not significantly different to the reference area (0.06–6.4%). MRI examination revealed that the healing osteochondral defect was comparable to the intact cartilage signal on the surface of the defect. Hyaline-like cartilage was observed in most of the treated animals, except for one, where the defect was repaired with fibrocartilage. Thus, the acellular, chitosan-based biomaterial is a promising biopolymer composite for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of traumatic character. It has potential for further clinical testing in the orthopedic field, primarily with the combination of supporting factors.
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11
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Antoniac IV, Antoniac A, Vasile E, Tecu C, Fosca M, Yankova VG, Rau JV. In vitro characterization of novel nanostructured collagen-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds doped with magnesium with improved biodegradation rate for hard tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3383-3395. [PMID: 33817417 PMCID: PMC8005775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New materials are required for bone healing in regenerative medicine able to temporarily substitute damaged bone and to be subsequently resorbed and replaced by endogenous tissues. Taking inspiration from basic composition of the mammalian bones, composed of collagen, apatite and a number of substitution ions, among them magnesium (Mg2+), in this work, novel composite scaffolds composed of collagen(10%)-hydroxyapatite (HAp)(90%) and collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) were developed. The lyophilization was used for composites preparation. An insight into the nanostructural nature of the developed scaffolds was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray and Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray. The HAp nanocrystallite clusters and Mg nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed within the scaffolds and adherent to the collagen fibrils. The samples were tested for degradation in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution by soaking for up to 28 days. The release of Mg from collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) composite during the period of up to 21 days was attested, this composite being characterized by a decreased degradation rate with respect to the composite without Mg. The developed composite materials are promising for applications as bone substitute materials favouring bone healing and regeneration. Lyophilization process was used to obtain new composite scaffolds. Collagen(10%)-HAp(90%) and collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) scaffolds were developed. HAp nanocrystallites and Mg nanoparticles are embedded into collagen fibrils. Degradation in SBF attested the Mg release from composite during up to 21 days. Composite collagen(10%)-HAp(80%)-Mg(10%) scaffold can be applied as bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian V Antoniac
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Tecu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Viktoriya G Yankova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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12
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Amann E, Amirall A, Franco AR, Poh PSP, Sola Dueñas FJ, Fuentes Estévez G, Leonor IB, Reis RL, Griensven M, Balmayor ER. A Graded, Porous Composite of Natural Biopolymers and Octacalcium Phosphate Guides Osteochondral Differentiation of Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001692. [PMID: 33448144 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lesions involving the osteochondral unit are difficult to treat. Biomimetic scaffolds are previously shown as promising alternative. Such devices often lack multiple functional layers that mimic bone, cartilage, and the interface. In this study, multilayered scaffolds are developed based on the use of natural extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biopolymers. Particular attention is paid to obtain a complex matrix that mimics the native osteochondral transition. Porous, sponge-like chitosan-collagen-octacalcium phosphate (OCP) scaffolds are obtained. Collagen content increases while the amount of OCP particles decreases toward the cartilage layer. The scaffolds are bioactive as a mineral layer is deposited containing hydroxyapatite at the bony side. The scaffolds stimulate proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but the degree of proliferation depends on the cell seeding density. The scaffolds give rise to a zone-specific gene expression. RUNX2, COL1A1, BGLAP, and SPP1 are upregulated in the bony layer of the scaffold. SOX9 is upregulated concomitant with COL2A1 expression in the cartilage zone. Mineralization in presence of the cells is prominent in the bone area with Ca and P steadily increasing over time. These results are encouraging for the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds using ECM-like materials and featuring gradients that mimic native tissues and their interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Amann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich 81675 Germany
| | - Amisel Amirall
- Biomaterials Center University of Havana Havana 10 400 Cuba
| | - Albina R. Franco
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs‐Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Patrina S. P. Poh
- Experimental Trauma Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich 81675 Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin 13353 Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Isabel B. Leonor
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs‐Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs‐Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Avepark Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine Headquarters at University of Minho Avepark Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Martijn Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich 81675 Germany
- Department of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich 81675 Germany
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
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13
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Davis S, Roldo M, Blunn G, Tozzi G, Roncada T. Influence of the Mechanical Environment on the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:603408. [PMID: 33585430 PMCID: PMC7873466 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.603408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a highly specialised connective tissue of diarthrodial joints which provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint articulation and plays a crucial role in the transmission of loads. In vivo cartilage is subjected to mechanical stimuli that are essential for cartilage development and the maintenance of a chondrocytic phenotype. Cartilage damage caused by traumatic injuries, ageing, or degradative diseases leads to impaired loading resistance and progressive degeneration of both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Since the tissue has limited self-repairing capacity due its avascular nature, restoration of its mechanical properties is still a major challenge. Tissue engineering techniques have the potential to heal osteochondral defects using a combination of stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterials that could produce a biomechanically functional tissue, representative of native hyaline cartilage. However, current clinical approaches fail to repair full-thickness defects that include the underlying subchondral bone. Moreover, when tested in vivo, current tissue-engineered grafts show limited capacity to regenerate the damaged tissue due to poor integration with host cartilage and the failure to retain structural integrity after insertion, resulting in reduced mechanical function. The aim of this review is to examine the optimal characteristics of osteochondral scaffolds. Additionally, an overview on the latest biomaterials potentially able to replicate the natural mechanical environment of articular cartilage and their role in maintaining mechanical cues to drive chondrogenesis will be detailed, as well as the overall mechanical performance of grafts engineered using different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Tosca Roncada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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14
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Sha'ban M, Ahmad Radzi MA. Scaffolds for Cartilage Regeneration: To Use or Not to Use? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1249:97-114. [PMID: 32602093 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3258-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Joint cartilage has been a significant focus on the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) since its inception in the 1980s. Represented by only one cell type, cartilage has been a simple tissue that is thought to be straightforward to deal with. After three decades, engineering cartilage has proven to be anything but easy. With the demographic shift in the distribution of world population towards ageing, it is expected that there is a growing need for more effective options for joint restoration and repair. Despite the increasing understanding of the factors governing cartilage development, there is still a lot to do to bridge the gap from bench to bedside. Dedicated methods to regenerate reliable articular cartilage that would be equivalent to the original tissue are still lacking. The use of cells, scaffolds and signalling factors has always been central to the TERM. However, without denying the importance of cells and signalling factors, the question posed in this chapter is whether the answer would come from the methods to use or not to use scaffold for cartilage TERM. This paper presents some efforts in TERM area and proposes a solution that will transpire from the ongoing attempts to understand certain aspects of cartilage development, degeneration and regeneration. While an ideal formulation for cartilage regeneration has yet to be resolved, it is felt that scaffold is still needed for cartilage TERM for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Sha'ban
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Aa'zamuddin Ahmad Radzi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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