PD-L1 Expression in Mastocytosis

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Management of Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis

Advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) is a rare haematological neoplasm characterised by the accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in various organs, resulting in organ dysfunction and reduced life expectancy. The subtypes include aggressive SM (ASM), SM with an associated haematological neoplasm (SM-AHN) and mast cell leukaemia (MCL). The gain of function KIT D816V mutation is present in most cases. The availability of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionised the treatment landscape for patients with this life-limiting disease. Patients are now able to achieve molecular remission, improved quality of life and improved overall survival. This review focuses on the targeted therapies currently available in clinical practice and within the clinical trial setting for AdvSM. This review also highlights possible future therapeutic targets and discusses therapeutic strategies for this multimutated and clinically heterogeneous disease.

Association between programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, is closely related to clinicopathological features and prognosis. However, there are few studies on the potential effects of PD-L1 on thyroid carcinoma, the incidence of which has shown an upward trend worldwide. This study aimed to explore the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of thyroid cancer.

METHODS

An elaborate retrieval was performed using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, WanFang databases, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to determine the association between PD-L1 expression and disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological features in patients with thyroid cancer. Study selection, data extraction, risk assessment, and data synthesis were performed independently by 2 reviewers. In this meta-analysis, RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 were used for bias risk assessment and data synthesis.

RESULTS

After a detailed search, 2546 cases reported in 13 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes revealed that high expression of PD-L1 in patients with thyroid cancer was associated with poor DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.54-4.48, P < .00001) and OS (HR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.20-5.32, P = .01). High PD-L1 expression was associated with tumor size ≥2 cm, tumor recurrence, extrathyroidal extension, concurrent thyroiditis, unifocal tumor, and absence of psammoma body (P < .05). Subgroup analysis showed that positive expression of PD-L1 was related to poor prognosis for DFS of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, and the overexpression of PD-L1 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was related to tumor recurrence, concurrent thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension, unifocal DTC, late stage DTC, and BRAFV600E mutation in DTC.

CONCLUSION

PD-L1 is a significant predictor of prognosis and malignancy of thyroid cancer (especially DTC), and PD-L1 inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic option for refractory thyroid cancer in the future.