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Dai Y, Liang Y, Liu C, Liu T, Chen L, Li Y. Can artemisinin and its derivatives treat malaria in a host-directed manner? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116260. [PMID: 38705539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, Plasmodium, and is transmitted through vectors. It remains a substantial health burden, especially in developing countries, leading to significant socioeconomic losses. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved various antimalarial medications in the past two decades, the increasing resistance to these medications has worsened the situation. The development of drug resistance stems from genetic diversity among Plasmodium strains, impeding eradication efforts. Consequently, exploring innovative technologies and strategies for developing effective medications based on the host is crucial. Artemisinin and its derivatives (artemisinins) have been recommended by the WHO for treating malaria owing to their known effectiveness in killing the parasite. However, their potential to target the host for malaria treatment has not been investigated. This article concisely reviews the application of host-directed therapeutics, potential drug candidates targeting the host for treating malaria, and usage of artemisinins in numerous diseases. It underscores the importance of host-directed interventions for individuals susceptible to malaria, suggests the potential utility of artemisinins in host-directed malaria treatments, and posits that the modulation of host proteins with artemisinins may offer a means of intervening in host-parasite interactions. Further studies focusing on the host-targeting perspective of artemisinins can provide new insights into the mechanisms of artemisinin resistance and offer a unique opportunity for new antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tuo Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Lu H, Zhang W, Gai Y, Niu G, Meng X, Lv H, Qian X, Ding X, Chen J. Protective effect of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides from chicory on alcohol-induced injury in GES-1 cells via Keap1/Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1374579. [PMID: 38807640 PMCID: PMC11132183 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1374579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from chicory possess the ability to regulate host signaling and modify mucosal damage. Yet, the effect and mechanism of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) on gastric mucosa remain unclear. Hence, the protective effect of three scFOS (1-Kestose, Nystose, and 1F-Fructofuranosylnystose) against ethanol-induced injury in gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism involved was investigated in this study. Treatment with 7% ethanol decreased the cell viability of GES-1 cells, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, pretreatment with scFOS exhibited significant improvements in cell viability, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. scFOS markedly elevated the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1 and SOD2, while suppressing the expression of Keap1. scFOS pretreatment could also maintain mitochondrial membrane potential balance and reduce apoptosis. In addition, scFOS was observed to reduce the protein level of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC. In conclusion, scFOS served a preventive function in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in ethanol-exposed GES-1 cells through modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Collectively, the results indicated that scFOS could significantly mitigate ethanol-induced gastric cell damage, suggesting its potential for safeguarding gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguo Qian
- Fengning PingAn High-Tech Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yang C, Ge L, Yu X, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Artemisinin Confers Cytoprotection toward Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Correlation with the Increased Acetylation of Histone H4 at Lysine 8. Molecules 2024; 29:1789. [PMID: 38675608 PMCID: PMC11051841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is one of the critical pathologies inducing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage and death. The unbalanced acetylation and deacetylation of histones have been implicated in AMD pathogenesis or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. Therefore, strategies aimed at controlling the balance between acetylation and deacetylation may effectively protect RPE cells from oxidative damage. Artemisinin is an antimalarial lactone drug derived from Artemisia annua, with antioxidant activity known to modulate histone acetylation in the brain, but its effect on the retina is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Artemisinin exerts a cytoprotective effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in RPE cells by regulating histone acetylation. We hypothesized that Artemisinin confers cytoprotection toward H2O2-induced apoptosis in RPE cells through this mechanism. In the present study, we found that Artemisinin at a sub-clinic dosage of 20 μM inhibited the H2O2-induced cell viability decrease and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein level decrease and attenuated the H2O2-induced decrease in the histone H4 lysine (Lys) 8 acetylation [Acetyl-H4 (Lys 8)] level in the retinal RPE cell line D407. As expected, histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A at the concentration of 250 nM increased the Acetyl-H4 (Lys 8) level in D407 cells and attenuated the H2O2-induced cell viability decrease and apoptosis. Similar findings were obtained using adult RPE (ARPE)19 cells, another human RPE cell line, and primary human RPE cell cultures. In conclusion, these results confirmed our hypothesis and indicated that Artemisinin attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in apparent correlation with the increase in the Acetyl-H4 (Lys 8) level, which is associated with gene transcription and cell survival. By modulating histone acetylation, Artemisinin may restore the balance between acetylation and deacetylation and enhance the resistance and survival of RPE cells under oxidative stress. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the effect of Artemisinin on histone acetylation and apoptosis in RPE cells and supports the potential application of Artemisinin in the prevention and/or treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China; (C.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Lijun Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China; (C.Y.); (L.G.)
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China; (C.Y.); (L.G.)
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Zhao Z, Yan J, Huang L, Yang X. Phytochemicals targeting Alzheimer's disease via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, effects, and mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116373. [PMID: 38442672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive dysfunction and other behavioral abnormalities, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs due to aging. Currently, effective drugs to mitigate or treat AD remain unavailable. AD is associated with several abnormalities in neuronal energy metabolism, such as decreased glucose uptake, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defects in cholesterol metabolism. Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates the energy status of cells. AMPK is widely present in eukaryotic cells and can sense and regulate energy metabolism to maintain energy supply and demand balance, making it a promising target for energy metabolism-based AD therapy. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanism of AMPK in the pathogenesis of AD to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new anti-AD drugs. To review the mechanisms of phytochemicals in the treatment of AD via AMPK pathway regulation, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases using specific keywords related to AD and phytochemicals in September 2023. Phytochemicals can activate AMPK or regulate the AMPK pathway to exert therapeutic effects in AD. The anti-AD mechanisms of these phytochemicals include inhibiting Aβ aggregation, preventing Tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting inflammatory response and glial activation, promoting autophagy, and suppressing anti-oxidative stress. Additionally, several AMPK-related pathways are involved in the anti-AD mechanism, including the AMPK/CaMKKβ/mTOR, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3, AMPK/mTOR, and PERK/eIF2α pathways. Notably, urolithin A, artemisinin, justicidin A, berberine, stigmasterol, arctigenin, and rutaecarpine are promising AMPK agonists with anti-AD effects. Several phytochemicals are effective AMPK agonists and may have potential applications in AD treatment. Overall, phytochemical-based drugs may overcome the barriers to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Wang X, Wu M, Yu S, Zhai L, Zhu X, Yu L, Zhang Y. Comprehensive analysis of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their response to saline-alkali stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1283845. [PMID: 38450406 PMCID: PMC10915231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1283845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) scavenges toxic aldehyde molecules by catalyzing the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Although ALDH gene family members in various plants have been extensively studied and were found to regulate plant response to abiotic stress, reports on ALDH genes in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of neutral (NS) and basic alkaline (AS) stresses on growth, physiological and biochemical indices, and ALDH activity, ALDH gene expression of common bean. In addition, We used bioinformatics techniques to analyze the physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene replication, collinearity, cis-acting elements, gene structure, motifs, and protein structural characteristics of PvALDH family members. Results We found that both NS and AS stresses weakened the photosynthetic performance of the leaves, induced oxidative stress, inhibited common bean growth, and enhanced the antioxidative system to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, we our findings revealed that ALDH in the common bean actively responds to NS or AS stress by inducing the expression of PvALDH genes. In addition, using the established classification criteria and phylogenetic analysis, 27 PvALDHs were identified in the common bean genome, belonging to 10 ALDH families. The primary expansion mode of PvALDH genes was segmental duplication. Cis-acting elemental analysis showed that PvALDHs were associated with abiotic stress and phytohormonal responses. Gene expression analysis revealed that the PvALDH gene expression was tissue-specific. For instance, PvALDH3F1 and PvALDH3H1 were highly expressed in flower buds and flowers, respectively, whereas PvALDH3H2 and PvALDH2B4 were highly expressed in green mature pods and young pods, respectively. PvALDH22A1 and PvALDH11A2 were highly expressed in leaves and young trifoliates, respectively; PvALDH18B2 and PvALDH18B3 were highly expressed in stems and nodules, respectively; and PvALDH2C2 and PvALDH2C3 were highly expressed in the roots. PvALDHs expression in the roots responded positively to NS-AS stress, and PvALDH2C3, PvALDH5F1, and PvALDH10A1 were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in the roots. Conclusion These results indicate that AS stress causes higher levels of oxidative damage than NS stress, resulting in weaker photosynthetic performance and more significant inhibition of common bean growth. The influence of PvALDHs potentially modulates abiotic stress response, particularly in the context of saline-alkali stress. These findings establish a basis for future research into the potential roles of ALDHs in the common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingxu Wu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Song Yu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lingxia Zhai
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Keshan, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuetian Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihe Yu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Lim HS, Park G. Artemisinin protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115972. [PMID: 38056239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug that has been used for almost half a century. However, the anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) effects of artemisinin with respect to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced oxidative stress have not yet been investigated while focusing on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Thus, we sought to assess the behavioral and oxidative mechanistic effects of artemisinin on MPTP-induced toxicity via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. We explored this through immunohistochemical assays, ELISA, in differentiated PC12 cells treated with siRNA, and with a PD mouse model. Artemisinin increased Nrf2 DNA-binding activity and HO-1 and NQO1 expression. Artemisinin treatment protected cells against MPP+ -induced neuronal death signaling, including NADH dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, it protected cells against MPTP-induced behavioral impairments and significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss. Additionally, Nrf2 pre-inhibition using ML385 neutralized the inhibitory effects of artemisinin on dopaminergic neuronal damage and behavioral impairments induced by MPTP. Our results suggest that artemisinin inhibits MPTP-induced behavioral and neurotoxic effects in mice. This provides a foundation for further research to evaluate artemisinin as a potential therapeutic agent for PD.
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MESH Headings
- Rats
- Mice
- Animals
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism
- Artemisinins/pharmacology
- Artemisinins/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Liu G, Yang C, Wang X, Chen X, Wang Y, Le W. Oxygen metabolism abnormality and Alzheimer's disease: An update. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102955. [PMID: 37956598 PMCID: PMC10665957 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen metabolism abnormality plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via several mechanisms, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hypoxia condition usually results from living in a high-altitude habitat, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive sleep apnea. Chronic hypoxia has been identified as a significant risk factor for AD, showing an aggravation of various pathological components of AD, such as amyloid β-protein (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It is known that hypoxia and excessive hyperoxia can both result in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction can increase Aβ and tau phosphorylation, and Aβ and tau proteins can lead to redox imbalance, thus forming a vicious cycle and exacerbating AD pathology. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a non-invasive intervention known for its capacity to significantly enhance cerebral oxygenation levels, which can significantly attenuate Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. However, further investigation is imperative to determine the optimal oxygen pressure, duration of exposure, and frequency of HBOT sessions. In this review, we explore the prospects of oxygen metabolism in AD, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms in AD. Current research aimed at attenuating abnormalities in oxygen metabolism holds promise for providing novel therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
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Jiang S, Borjigin G, Sun J, Li Q, Wang Q, Mu Y, Shi X, Li Q, Wang X, Song X, Wang Z, Yang C. Identification of Uncaria rhynchophylla in the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Integrating Virtual Screening and In Vitro Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15457. [PMID: 37895137 PMCID: PMC10607254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng in Chinese, GT) is the main medicine in many traditional recipes in China. It is commonly used to alleviate central nervous system (CNS) disorders, although its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease is still unknown. This study was designed to predict and validate the underlying mechanism in AD treatment, thus illustrating the biological mechanisms of GT in treating AD. In this study, a PPI network was constructed, KEGG analysis and GO analysis were performed, and an "active ingredient-target-pathway" network for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease was constructed. The active ingredients of GT were screened out, and the key targets were performed by molecular docking. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to screen the main active ingredients and was compared with the network pharmacology results, which verified that GT did contain the above ingredients. A total of targets were found to be significantly bound up with tau, Aβ, or Aβ and tau through the network pharmacology study. Three SH-SY5Y cell models induced by okadaic acid (OA), Na2S2O4, and H2O2 were established for in vitro validation. We first found that GT can reverse the increase in the hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by OA to some extent, protecting against ROS damage. Moreover, the results also indicated that GT has significant neuroprotective effects. This study provides a basis for studying the potential mechanisms of GT in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Gilwa Borjigin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qianbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yuanqiu Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuepeng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaodan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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9
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Sayuti NH, Zulkefli N, Tan JK, Saad N, Baharum SN, Hamezah HS, Bunawan H, Ahmed QU, Parveen H, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Sarian MN. Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum minus Protects Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 28:6726. [PMID: 37764502 PMCID: PMC10535396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Polygonum minus Huds, known as 'kesum', is widely used in traditional medicine. P. minus has been reported to exhibit a few medicinal and pharmacological properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of P. minus ethanolic extract (PMEE) on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. LC-MS/MS revealed the presence of 28 metabolites in PMEE. Our study showed that the PMEE provided neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB/IκB and MAPK signaling pathways in PMEE pre-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, the acetylcholine (ACH) level was increased in the oxidative stress-induced treatment group after 4 h of exposure with H2O2. Molecular docking results with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) depicted that quercitrin showed the highest docking score at -9.5 kcal/mol followed by aloe-emodin, afzelin, and citreorosein at -9.4, -9.3 and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the other PMEE's identified compounds, which show lower docking scores. The results indicate that PMEE has neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. In conclusion, PMEE may aid in reducing oxidative stress as a preventative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hafiza Sayuti
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Zulkefli
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Synthetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sayeed Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Murni Nazira Sarian
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (N.H.S.); (N.Z.); (S.N.B.); (H.S.H.); (H.B.)
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10
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Moon HR, Yun JM. Neuroprotective Effects of Zerumbone on H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injury in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. J Med Food 2023; 26:641-653. [PMID: 37566491 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as one of the main reasons for cellular damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Zerumbone is one of the sesquiterpenoid compounds in the essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zerumbone exhibits various physiological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. However, studies on the neuroprotective efficacy of zerumbone and the mechanism behind it are lacking. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective efficacy of zerumbone and its mechanism in hydrogen peroxide-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. H2O2 treatment (400 μM) for 24 h enhanced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to untreated cells. By contrast, zerumbone treatment significantly suppressed the production of intracellular ROS. Zerumbone significantly inhibited H2O2-induced nitric oxide production and expression of inflammation-related genes. Moreover, zerumbone decreased H2O2-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein expression. Various hallmarks of apoptosis in H2O2-treated cells were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner through downregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio by zerumbone. Since activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, we also investigated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as part of the autophagy mechanism in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, zerumbone upregulated the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and p-AMPK (which were downregulated by the H2O2 treatment) and downregulated p-mTOR. Altogether, our results propose that inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation by autophagy activation plays an important neuroprotective role in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Zerumbone may thus be a potent dietary agent that reduces the onset and progression, as well as prevents neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Rin Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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11
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhu W, Yan X, Xiao J, Zhang P, Liu P, Li P. Advances in the pharmacological study of Chinese herbal medicine to alleviate diabetic nephropathy by improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115088. [PMID: 37413900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, primarily arising from type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of DN involves various factors such as hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism disorders. Increasing attention is being given to DN caused by oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway, prompting researchers to explore drugs that can regulate these target pathways. Chinese herbal medicine, known for its accessibility, rich historical usage, and remarkable efficacy, has shown promise in ameliorating renal injury caused by DN by modulating oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway. This review aims to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DN. Firstly, we outline the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impairs DN, focusing on outlining the damage to mitochondria by oxidative stress. Subsequently, we describe the process by which formulas, herbs and monomeric compounds protect the kidney by ameliorating oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway. Finally, the rich variety of Chinese herbal medicine, combined with modern extraction techniques, has great potential, and as we gradually understand the pathogenesis of DN and research techniques are constantly updated, there will be more and more promising therapeutic targets and herbal drug candidates. This paper aims to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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Pang QQ, Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim JH, Cho EJ. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Pectolinarin against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5826. [PMID: 37570795 PMCID: PMC10420989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of pectolinarin against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurodegenerative diseases-such as Alzheimer's disease-are potentially associated with oxidative stress, which causes excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA and proteins in neuronal cells. The results of this study demonstrate that pectolinarin can scavenge hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, pectolinarin significantly increased cell viability while reducing ROS production and LDH release in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced control group. Additionally, Pectolinarin recovered protein expression from H2O2-altered levels back to close-to-normal SH-SY5Y cell levels for components of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways-such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), anti-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B-cell lympho-ma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). These findings suggest that pectolinarin has the potential to be used as a plant material for functional foods to be applied in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, by mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage to neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Li Q, Li S, Fang J, Yang C, Zhao X, Wang Q, Zhou W, Zheng W. Artemisinin Confers Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo through Activation of the ERK1/2 Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:5527. [PMID: 37513399 PMCID: PMC10385954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual and massive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We have recently reported that artemisinin, an FDA-approved first-line antimalarial drug, possesses a neuroprotective effect. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of artemisinin on Parkinson's disease remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of artemisinin on 6-OHDA and MPP+ in neuronal cells and animal models, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that artemisinin significantly attenuated the loss of cell viability, LDH release, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the collapse of the mitochondria trans-membrane potential and cell apoptosis in PC12 cells. Western blot results showed that artemisinin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, its upstream signaling proteins c-Raf and MEK and its downstream target CREB in PC12 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the protective effect of artemisinin was significantly reduced when the ERK pathway was blocked using the ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 or when the expression of ERK was knocked down using sgRNA. These results indicate the essential role of ERK in the protective effect of artemisinin. Similar results were obtained in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cultured neurons treated with 6-OHDA, as well as in cellular models of MPP+ injury. More interestingly, artemisinin attenuated PD-like behavior deficit in mice injected with 6-OHDA evaluated by behavioral tests including swimming test, pole-test, open field exploration and rotarod tests. Moreover, artemisinin also stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibited apoptosis, and rescued dopaminergic neurons in SNc of these animals. Application of ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 blocked the protective effect of artemisinin in mice during testing. Taking these results together, it was indicated that artemisinin preserves neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA and MPP+ induced injury both in vitro and in vivo by the stimulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our findings support the potential therapeutic effect of artemisinin in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
- School of pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
- School of pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenshu Zhou
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 3057, Building E12, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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14
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Tan X, Li H, Huang W, Ma W, Lu Y, Yan R. Enzymatic acylation improves the stability and bioactivity of lutein: Protective effects of acylated lutein derivatives on L-O2 cells upon H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem 2023; 410:135393. [PMID: 36621337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The instability of lutein has limited its wide application especially in the food industry. In this study, enzymatic acylation of lutein with divinyl adipate was investigated. Three new acylated lutein derivatives, lutein-3-O-adipate (compound 1), lutein-3'-O-adipate (compound 2) and lutein-di-adipate (compound 3), were identified and their stabilities and bioactivates were evaluated. Notably, compounds 1-3 showed better thermal, light stability and stronger scavenging capacity to ABTS radical cation (ABTS+) and hydroxyl radical (OH). Most importantly, these acylated lutein derivatives exhibited excellent protective effects on L-O2 cells upon hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. In particular, the acylated lutein derivative termed compound 3 prevented cellular oxidative stress via restraining the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby increasing related antioxidant enzymes activity and inhibiting apoptosis by mitochondria pathway. Our research provides important insights into the application of acylated lutein derivatives in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Liu X, Li W, Xu L, Chen X, Zhao R, Guo Y, Ge J, Yang Z, Li L, Zhang J, Cao J, Shao Y, Guo X, Tian L, Liu M. Chidamide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibits laryngeal cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 158:106398. [PMID: 36933859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Although surgery is an important treatment for laryngeal cancer, surgery has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and many patients have poor tolerance to surgery. Therefore, alternative chemotherapeutic drugs are an important research hotspot. Chidamide is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that selectively inhibits the expression of type I and IIb histone deacetylases (1, 2, 3 and 10). It has a significant anticancer effect on a variety of solid tumours. This study verified the inhibitory effect of chidamide on laryngeal carcinoma. We conducted a variety of cellular and animal experiments to explore how chidamide inhibits the development of laryngeal cancer. The results showed that chidamide had significant antitumour activity against laryngeal carcinoma cells and xenografts and could induce cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. This study provides a potential option for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingchun Ge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linli Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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16
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Artemisia annua Extract Improves the Cognitive Deficits and Reverses the Pathological Changes of Alzheimer’s Disease via Regulating YAP Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065259. [PMID: 36982332 PMCID: PMC10049624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the occurrence of cognitive deficits. With no effective treatments available, the search for new effective therapies has become a major focus of interest. In the present study, we describe the potential therapeutic effect of Artemisia annua (A. annua) extract on AD. Nine-month-old female 3xTg AD mice were treated with A. annua extract for three months via oral administration. Animals assigned to WT and model groups were administrated with an equal volume of water for the same period. Treated AD mice significantly improved the cognitive deficits and exhibited reduced Aβ accumulation, hyper-phosphorylation of tau, inflammatory factor release and apoptosis when compared with untreated AD mice. Moreover, A. annua extract promoted the survival and proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPS) and increased the expression of synaptic proteins. Further assessment of the implicated mechanisms revealed that A. annua extract regulates the YAP signaling pathway in 3xTg AD mice. Further studies comprised the incubation of PC12 cells with Aβ1–42 at a concentration of 8 μM with or without different concentrations of A. annua extract for 24 h. Obtained ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, neuronal cell apoptosis and assessment of the signaling pathways involved was performed using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The obtained results showed that A. annua extract significantly reversed the Aβ1–42-induced increase in ROS levels, caspase-3 activity and neuronal cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, either inhibition of the YAP signaling pathway, using a specific inhibitor or CRISPR cas9 knockout of YAP gene, reduced the neuroprotective effect of the A. annua extract. These findings suggest that A. annua extract may be a new multi-target anti-AD drug with potential use in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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17
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Jin Q, Liu T, Chen D, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097206. [PMID: 36874000 PMCID: PMC9974673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, an antimalarial traditional Chinese herb, is isolated from Artemisia annua. L, and has shown fewer side effects. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivatives exhibited therapeutic effects on diseases like malaria, cancer, immune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the antimalarial drugs demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating the immune system and autophagy and modulating glycolipid metabolism properties, suggesting an alternative for managing kidney disease. This review assessed the pharmacological activities of artemisinin. It summarized the critical outcomes and probable mechanism of artemisinins in treating kidney diseases, including inflammatory, oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and acute kidney injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases, especially the podocyte-associated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danqian Chen
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Artemisinin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating PHB2-Mediated Autophagy in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6568748. [PMID: 36567858 PMCID: PMC9780004 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6568748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidative stress activity in addition to its powerful antimalarial effects. In this article, we investigated the effect of ART on OGD/R-induced oxidative stress injury and its underlying mechanisms. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to establish an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were used to assess cellular damage. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) estimates oxidative stress-induced damage and protection from ART effect. OGD/R treatment aggravated oxidative stress damage, whereas ART reversed the effects of OGD/R. Autophagy is closely related to oxidative stress; in order to confirm whether the antioxidative stress effect of ART is related to PHB2-mediated autophagy, we examined the protein expression of prohibitin 2 (PHB2), TOMM20, p62, and the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3I (LC3I) to LC3II and found that the protein expression of PHB2, TOMM20, p62, and LC3II/LC3I was significantly correlated with OGD/R treatment. The colocalization of PHB2 and LC3, TOMM20, and LC3 was reduced after OGD/R treatment, and ART reversed this change. After silencing PHB2, the protective effect of ART against OGD/R-induced oxidative stress injury was reduced, the protein expressions of PHB2, TOMM20 and LC3II/LC3I and the colocalization of PHB2 and LC3, TOMM20, and LC3 were decreased. We used chloroquine to block the lysosomal pathway and found that ART increased the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, silencing PHB2 which inhibited the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, and impaired mitophagy. Our findings showed that ART attenuated OGD/R-induced oxidative stress damage through PHB2-mediated mitophagy. To the current knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that ART attenuates OGD/R-induced oxidative stress injury through PHB2-mediated autophagy in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, which provided new insights into the treatment of OGD/R injury.
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Arthur R, Navik U, Kumar P. Repurposing artemisinins as neuroprotective agents: a focus on the PI3k/Akt signalling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:593-605. [PMID: 36464748 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives, since their discovery by professor Tu Youyou in the early 1970s, have been the bedrock for the management of malaria globally. Recent works have implied that they could be used to manage other diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders mainly occur in the adult population resulting from a progressive deterioration of neuronal structures. These include Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS), among others. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a significant role in the central nervous system. It has been investigated extensively for its role in central nervous system physiological processes such as cell survival, autophagy, neuronal proliferation, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the modulation of this pathway will be crucial in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. This review seeks to compile most of the research findings on the possible neuroprotective role of artemisinins with special emphasis on their modulatory role on the PI3k/Akt pathway. A literature survey was conducted on PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and EMBASE using the keyword artemisinins, and a total of 10,281 articles were retrieved from 1956 to 2022. Among these, 120 articles were examined using Mesh words like PI3k/Akt, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation coupled with boolean operators. Most research revealed that artemisinins could help neurodegenerative disorders by modulating the PI3k/Akt with subsequent inhibition of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. This paper illustrates that artemisinins could be repurposed as a neuroprotective agent.
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Gao Q, Zhang C, Li J, Xu H, Guo X, Guo Q, Zhao C, Yao H, Jia Y, Zhu H. Melatonin Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injury by Upregulating LncRNA NEAT1 in HT22 Hippocampal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12891. [PMID: 36361683 PMCID: PMC9657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is required to understand how melatonin protects neurons. The study aimed to find out if and how long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) contributes to melatonin's ability to defend the hippocampus from H2O2-induced oxidative injury. LncRNAs related to oxidative injury were predicted by bioinformatics methods. Mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were treated with H2O2 with or without melatonin. Viability and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Hoechst33258. RNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Bioinformatics predicted that 38 lncRNAs were associated with oxidative injury in mouse neurons. LncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) was related to H2O2-induced oxidative injury and up-regulated by melatonin in HT22 cells. The knockdown of NEAT1 exacerbated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, weakened the moderating effect of melatonin, and abolished the increasing effect of melatonin on the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2. Taken together, melatonin attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative injury by upregulating lncRNA NEAT1, which is essential for melatonin stabilizing the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2 for the survival of HT22 cells. The research may assist in the treatment of oxidative injury-induced hippocampal degeneration associated with aging using melatonin and its target lncRNA NEAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Correia AS, Silva I, Oliveira JC, Reguengo H, Vale N. Serotonin Type 3 Receptor Is Potentially Involved in Cellular Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101645. [PMID: 36295079 PMCID: PMC9605598 DOI: 10.3390/life12101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a disease with several molecular mechanisms involved, such as problems in the serotonergic pathway. This disease is very complex and prevalent, and thus important to deeply study and aim to overcome high rates of relapse and therapeutic failure. In this study, two cellular lines were used (HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells) to gain insight about the role of the serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor in cellular stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and/or corticosterone. In research, these compounds are known to mimic the high levels of oxidative stress and dysfunction of the hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis by the action of glucocorticoids, usually present in depressed individuals. The receptor 5-HT3 is also known to be involved in depression, previously demonstrated in studies that highlight the role of these receptors as promising targets for antidepressant therapy. Indeed, the drugs used in this work (mirtazapine, scopolamine, and lamotrigine) interact with this serotonergic receptor. Thus, by using cell morphology, cell viability (neutral red and MTT), and HPLC assays, this work aimed to understand the role of these drugs in the stress induced by H2O2/corticosterone to HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. We concluded that the antagonism of the 5-HT3 receptor by these drugs may be important in the attenuation of H2O2-induced oxidative stress to the cells, but not in the corticosterone-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Oliveira
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Reguengo
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Peng T, Li S, Liu L, Yang C, Farhan M, Chen L, Su Q, Zheng W. Artemisinin attenuated ischemic stroke induced cell apoptosis through activation of ERK1/2/CREB/BCL-2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4578-4594. [PMID: 35864966 PMCID: PMC9295073 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of both brain ischemic and reperfusion-induced injuries in the brain, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Artemisinin, an FDA-approved antimalarial drug, has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of artemisinin on ischemic stroke is not known. In the present study, we investigated the effect of artemisinin on ischemic stroke using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) cellular model and a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model and examined the underlying mechanisms. The obtained results revealed that a subclinical antimalarial concentration of artemisinin increased cell viability and decreased LDH release and cell apoptosis. Artemisinin also attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Importantly, artemisinin attenuated the infarction volume and the brain water content in the MCAO animal model. Artemisinin also improved neurological and behavioural outcomes and restored grasp strength and the recovery of motor function in MCAO animals. Furthermore, artemisinin treatment significantly inhibited the molecular indices of apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and activated the ERK1/2/CREB/BCL-2 signaling pathway. Further validation of the involved signaling pathway by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 revealed that inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway or silencing ERK1/2 reversed the neuroprotective effects of artemisinin. These results indicate that artemisinin provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke via the ERK1/2/CREB/BCL-2 signaling pathway. Our study suggests that artemisinin may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Peng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Paeonol protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion through activating the PKCε-Stat3 pathway. J Adv Res 2022; 47:151-162. [PMID: 35842187 PMCID: PMC10173194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anti-cancer medication doxorubicin (Dox) is largely restricted in clinical usage due to its significant cardiotoxicity. The only medication approved by the FDA for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is dexrazoxane, while it may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and is restricted for use. There is an urgent need for the development of safe and effective medicines to alleviate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether Paeonol (Pae) has the ability to protect against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and if so, what are the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats and primary cardiomyocytes were used to create Dox-induced cardiotoxicity models. Pae's effects on myocardial damage, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics and signaling pathways were studied using a range of experimental methods. RESULTS Pae enhanced Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion, restored mitochondrial function and cardiac performance both in vivo and in vitro under the Dox conditions. The protective properties of Pae were blunted when Mfn2 was knocked down or knocked out in Dox-induced cardiomyocytes and hearts respectively. Mechanistically, Pae promoted Mfn2-mediated mitochondria fusion by activating the transcription factor Stat3, which bound to the Mfn2 promoter in a direct manner and up-regulated its transcriptional expression. Furthermore, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that Pae's direct target was PKCε, which interacted with Stat3 and enabled its phosphorylation and activation. Pae-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion were inhibited when PKCε was knocked down. Furthermore, Pae did not interfere with Dox's antitumor efficacy in several tumor cells. CONCLUSION Pae protects the heart against Dox-induced damage by stimulating mitochondrial fusion via the PKCε-Stat3-Mfn2 pathway, indicating that Pae might be a promising therapeutic therapy for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity while maintaining Dox's anticancer activity.
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Current Progress on Neuroprotection Induced by Artemisia, Ginseng, Astragalus, and Ginkgo Traditional Chinese Medicines for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3777021. [PMID: 35746960 PMCID: PMC9213169 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3777021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the occurrence of diverse degenerative changes in various tissues and organs and with an increased incidence of neurological disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the search for effective components derived from medicinal plants in delaying aging and preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing and the number of related publications shows a rising trend. Here, we present a concise, updated review on the preclinical and clinical research progress in the assessment of the therapeutic potential of different traditional Chinese medicines and derived active ingredients and their effect on the signaling pathways involved in AD neuroprotection. Recognized by their multitargeting ability, these natural compounds hold great potential in developing novel drugs for AD.
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Zhao X, Huang X, Yang C, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Zheng W. Artemisinin Attenuates Amyloid-Induced Brain Inflammation and Memory Impairments by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116354. [PMID: 35683033 PMCID: PMC9181281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal immune response is an early change in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial activation is a crucial regulator of the immune response, which contributes to progressive neuronal injury by releasing neurotoxic products. Therefore, finding effective drugs to regulate microglial homeostasis and neuroinflammation has become a new AD treatment strategy. Artemisinin has potent anti-inflammatory and immune activities. However, it is unclear whether Artemisinin contributes to the regulation of microglial activation, thereby improving AD pathology. This study found that Artemisinin significantly reduced amyloid beta-peptide 1–42 (Aβ1–42)-induced increases in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors in BV2 cells. In addition, Artemisinin inhibited the migration of microglia and prevented the expansion of the inflammatory cascade. The mechanical studies showed Artemisinin inhibited neuroinflammation and exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Similar results were obtained in AD model mice, in which Artemisinin administration attenuated Aβ1–42-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, reversing spatial learning and memory deficits. The anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisinin is also accompanied by the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the animal model. Our results indicate that Artemisinin attenuated Aβ1–42-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury by stimulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.); (W.Z.)
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaosu Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.); (W.Z.)
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.); (W.Z.)
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Wenshu Zhou
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.); (W.Z.)
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.); (W.Z.)
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-88224919
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Ji H, Jin H, Li G, Jin L, Ren X, Lv Y, Wang Y. Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:871-881. [PMID: 35950034 PMCID: PMC9096231 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated whether artemisinin (ART) exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hypoxia-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) of SH-SY5Y cells were used as the I/R injury model in vitro. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis-associated protein expression were determined via flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde were determined. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β was measured using ELISA. The activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was also determined. The indicated ART concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM) had no significant effect on SH-SY5Y cell viability and LDH activity. ART promoted cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, repressed cellular inflammation, and inhibited cellular oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling pathway in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, all the protective effects of ART on OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury were significantly reversed by an NF-κB agonist. In conclusion, ART protects neurons from OGD/R-induced damage in vitro by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that ART may be a potential agent for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Xiaoxu Ren
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
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Correia AS, Fraga S, Teixeira JP, Vale N. Cell Model of Depression: Reduction of Cell Stress with Mirtazapine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094942. [PMID: 35563333 PMCID: PMC9099543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a very prevalent and complex disease. This condition is associated with a high rate of relapse, making its treatment a challenge. Thus, an intensive investigation of this disease and its treatment is necessary. In this work, through cell viability assays (MTT and neutral red assays) and alkaline comet assays, we aimed to test the induction of stress in human SH-SY5Y cells through the application of hydrocortisone and hydrogen peroxide and to test the reversal or attenuation of this stress through the application of mirtazapine to the cells. Our results demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide, and not hydrocortisone, can induce cellular stress, as evidenced by DNA damage and a global cellular viability reduction, which were alleviated by the antidepressant mirtazapine. The establishment of a cellular model of depression through stress induction is important to study new possibilities of treatment of this disease using cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal; (S.F.); (J.P.T.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal; (S.F.); (J.P.T.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory RISE—Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Xiong Q, Li X, Xia L, Yao Z, Shi X, Dong Z. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mol Brain 2022; 15:36. [PMID: 35484595 PMCID: PMC9052669 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced by perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neurological disability among infants. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), derived from artemisinin, well known as an anti-malarial medicine, was proved to be able to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether those functions of DHA play roles in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), an animal model of HIE in patient which also been observed to have oxidative stress and inflammation, is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the DHA treatment on newborn rats significantly relieved the neuron loss and motor and cognitive impairment caused by HIBD. One of the underlying mechanisms is that DHA enhanced the anti-oxidant capacity of HIBD rats by up-regulating the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), gluathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) while down regulating the pro-oxidative substances including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thus, our study illustrated that DHA could alleviate the damage of brains and improve the cognitive and motor function of HIBD rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, provided an opportunity to interrogate potential therapeutics for affected HIE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhengyu Yao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Ruankham W, Suwanjang W, Phopin K, Songtawee N, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S. Modulatory Effects of Alpha-Mangostin Mediated by SIRT1/3-FOXO3a Pathway in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 8:714463. [PMID: 35155508 PMCID: PMC8835347 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.714463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroundalpha-Mangostin, a polyphenolic xanthone, is primarily found in the pericarp of mangosteen throughout Southeast Asia and is considered as the “Queen of Fruit” in Thailand. Nonetheless, it is not clarified how alpha-mangostin protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress.ObjectiveIn this study, molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of alpha-mangostin in defending hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity was explored.Methodscytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic cascades, and protein expression profiles were performed incorporation of molecular docking.ResultsHuman SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 μM alpha-mangostin for 3 h prior to exposure to 400 μM H2O2. alpha-Mangostin significantly inhibited oxidative stress-induced cell death in neuronal cells by reducing BAX protein, decreasing caspase-3/7 activation, and increasing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein. Collectively, alpha-mangostin was demonstrated to be a prominent ROS suppressor which reversed the reduction of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD2). Surprisingly, alpha-mangostin significantly promoted the expression of the sirtuin family and the FOXO3a transcription factor exerting beneficial effects on cell survival and longevity. A molecular docking study predicted that alpha-mangostin is directly bound to the active site of SIRT1.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest that alpha-mangostin potentially serves as a promising therapeutic compound against oxidative stress by activation of the SIRT1/3-FOXO3a pathway comparable to the effect of memantine, an anti-AD drug used for the treatment of moderate to severe dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waralee Ruankham
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Wilasinee Suwanjang
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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The Antimalaria Drug Artesunate Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication via Activating AMPK and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways. J Virol 2021; 96:e0148721. [PMID: 34787456 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01487-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. Currently, vaccine strategies provide limited protection against PRRSV transmission, and no effective drug is commercially available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral strategies to prevent PRRSV pandemics. This study showed that artesunate (AS), one of the antimalarial drugs, potently suppressed PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and ex vivo primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at micromolar concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this suppression was closely associated with AS-activated AMPK (energy homeostasis) and Nrf2/HO-1 (inflammation) signaling pathways. AS treatment promoted p-AMPK, Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, and thus inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 and PAM cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These effects of AS were reversed when AMPK or HO-1 gene was silenced by siRNA. In addition, we demonstrated that AMPK works upstream of Nrf2/HO-1 as its activation by AS is AMPK-dependent. Adenosine phosphate analysis showed that AS activates AMPK via improving AMP/ADP:ATP ratio rather than direct interaction with AMPK. Altogether, our findings indicate that AS could be a promising novel therapeutics for controlling PRRSV and that its anti-PRRSV mechanism, which involves the functional link between energy homeostasis and inflammation suppression pathways, may provide opportunities for developing novel antiviral agents. Importance Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections have been continuously threatened the pork industry worldwide. Vaccination strategies provide very limited protection against PRRSV infection, and no effective drug is commercially available. We show that artesunate (AS), one of the antimalarial drugs, is a potent inhibitor against PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and ex vivo primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that AS inhibits PRRSV replication via activation of AMPK-dependent Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, revealing a novel link between energy homeostasis (AMPK) and inflammation suppression (Nrf2/HO-1) during viral infection. Therefore, we believe that AS may be a promising novel therapeutics for controlling PRRSV, and its anti-PRRSV mechanism may provide a potential strategy to develop novel antiviral agents.
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Chao CC, Shen PW, Tzeng TY, Kung HJ, Tsai TF, Wong YH. Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1635. [PMID: 34829864 PMCID: PMC8615703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models-especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited-has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Chao
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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1,5-Benzodiazepin-2(3H)-ones: In Vitro Evaluation as Antiparkinsonian Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101584. [PMID: 34679721 PMCID: PMC8533176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of twenty-three 1,5-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated in the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays as a new chemotype with antioxidant and good drug-like properties. All of the derivatives showed low cytotoxicity in comparison to curcumin against the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and the human hepatoma HepG2 cell lines. Experimental solubility in bio-relevant media showed a good relationship with melting points in this series. Five compounds with the best antioxidant properties showed neuroprotectant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the SH-SY5Y cell line. From them, derivatives 4-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one (18) and 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one (20) yielded good neuroprotection activity in the same neuronal cell line under 6-OHD and MPP+ insults as in vitro models of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both compounds also demonstrated a significant reduction of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and superoxide levels, in parallel with a good improvement of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm). Compared with curcumin, compound 18 better reduced lipid peroxidation levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), in SH-SY5Y cells under oxidative stress pressure and recovered intracellular glutathione synthetase (GSH) levels. Apoptosis and caspase-3 levels of SH-SY5Y under H2O2 pressure were also reduced after treatment with 18. Neuroprotection in neuron-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was also achieved with 18. In summary, this family of 1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones with an interesting antioxidant and drug-like profile, with low cytotoxic and good neuroprotectant activity, constitutes a new promising chemical class with high potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against PD.
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Xia L, Pang Y, Li J, Wu B, Du Y, Chen Y, Luo M, Wang Y, Dong Z. Dihydroartemisinin Induces O-GlcNAcylation and Improves Cognitive Function in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:239-248. [PMID: 34511503 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology. Hyperphosphorylation modification promotes tau protein misfolding and aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles, leading to impairments of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. However, very limited therapeutic strategies are available. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we wanted to investigate the potential effects of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on tauopathies. METHODS We constructed adeno-associated virus carrying hTau cDNA (AAVhTau) to establish a mouse model of tauopathy through intrahippocampal microinjection. Using a combination of behavioral test, electrophysiological recording, and western blotting assay, we examined the neuroprotective effects of DHA on learning and memory deficits in mice with tauopathy. RESULTS DHA improved learning and memory and increased hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in mice overexpressed human tau (hTau) in the hippocampus. More importantly, further study revealed that DHA could induce protein O-GlcNAcylation modification and reduce protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitor alloxan could suppress DHA-induced protein O-GlcNAcylation, and subsequently prevent therapeutic effect of DHA on the deficits of learning and memory as well as synaptic plasticity in hTau mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DHA may exert neuroprotective role in tauopathy through a crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation, suggesting a potential therapeutic for learning and memory deficits associated with tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yayan Pang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yehong Du
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Luo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Shikonin attenuates H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury in HT29 cells via antioxidant activities and the inhibition of mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1118. [PMID: 34504572 PMCID: PMC8383764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone extracted from the roots of Lithospermumery throrhizon, possesses multiple pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. It has been hypothesized that the properties of shikonin are associated with its oxygen free radical scavenging abilities. However, the mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of shikonin is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of shikonin against H2O2-induced oxidative injury in HT29 cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. The concentration and duration of H2O2 treatment to cause maximal damage, and the effects of shikonin (2.5, 5 or 10 µg/ml) on the activity of H2O2-induced HT29 cells were determined by MTT assay. The apoptotic rate in HT29 cells was determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. HT29 cell cycle alteration was also analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by monitoring 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin in diacetate fluorescence. Mitochondrial membrane potentials were determined by JC-1 staining. The activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were measured using spectrophotometric assays. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c were determined by western blotting. The results suggested that shikonin increased cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis and increased the proliferation index in H2O2-treated HT29 cells. Shikonin also significantly inhibited increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, prevented the release of lactic dehydrogenase and decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in H2O2-induced HT29 cells. Furthermore, shikonin significantly decreased caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities, increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax and cytochrome c expression levels in H2O2-induced HT29 cells. The results indicated that shikonin protected against H2O2-induced oxidative injury by removing ROS, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuating DNA oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis.
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Artemether confers neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury through stimulation of the Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102069. [PMID: 34303216 PMCID: PMC8327154 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability among adults. Despite the economic burden of the disease, available treatment options are still very limited. With the exception of anti-thrombolytics and hypothermia, current therapies fail to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits and mortality rates, suggesting that the development of novel and more effective therapies against ischemic stroke is urgent. In the present study, we found that artemether, which has been used in the clinic as an anti-malarial drug, was able to improve the neurological deficits, attenuate the infarction volume and the brain water content in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Furthermore, artemether treatment significantly suppressed cell apoptosis, stimulated cell proliferation and promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), P90rsk and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Artemether protective effect was attenuated by PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, administration. Similarly, in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) cell models, artemether pre-treatment induced the suppression of the intracellular ROS, the down-regulation of LDH activity, the reduction of caspase 3 activity and of the apoptosis cell rate and reversed the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. As with MCAO animal model, artemether promoted the activation of Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway. This effect was blocked by the inhibition or knock-down of ERK1/2. The present study provides evidences of the neuroprotective effect of artemether unravelling its potential as a new therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Artemether conferred neuroprotection in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Artemether conferred neuroprotection on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell injury model. Artemether promoted the activation of Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Lin SP, Wei JX, Hu JS, Bu JY, Zhu LD, Li Q, Liao HJ, Lin PY, Ye S, Chen SQ, Chen XH. Artemisinin improves neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis by activating the AMPK axis in microglia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1069-1079. [PMID: 33758353 PMCID: PMC8209200 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection, often leading to cognitive impairments. Growing evidence shows that artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. In this study we investigated whether artemisinin exerted protective effect against neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis and explored the underlying mechanisms. Mice were injected with LPS (750 μg · kg-1 · d-1, ip, for 7 days) to establish an animal model of sepsis. Artemisinin (30 mg · kg-1 · d-1, ip) was administered starting 4 days prior LPS injection and lasting to the end of LPS injection. We showed that artemisinin administration significantly improved LPS-induced cognitive impairments assessed in Morris water maze and Y maze tests, attenuated neuronal damage and microglial activation in the hippocampus. In BV2 microglial cells treated with LPS (100 ng/mL), pre-application of artemisinin (40 μΜ) significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6) and suppressed microglial migration. Furthermore, we revealed that artemisinin significantly suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by activating the AMPKα1 pathway; knockdown of AMPKα1 markedly abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of artemisinin in BV2 microglial cells. In conclusion, atemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-associated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and its effect is probably mediated by activation of the AMPKα1 signaling pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jue-Xian Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jia-Song Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jing-Yi Bu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hao-Jun Liao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Tian W, Heo S, Kim DW, Kim IS, Ahn D, Tae HJ, Kim MK, Park BY. Ethanol Extract of Maclura tricuspidata Fruit Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage via Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136946. [PMID: 34203307 PMCID: PMC8268219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radical generation and oxidative stress push forward an immense influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Maclura tricuspidata fruit (MT) contains many biologically active substances, including compounds with antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MT fruit on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with MT, and cell damage was induced by H2O2. First, the chemical composition and free radical scavenging properties of MT were analyzed. MT attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage in cells based on the assessment of cell viability. The H2O2-induced toxicity caused by ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was ameliorated by MT pretreatment. MT also promoted an increase in the expression of genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). MT pretreatment was associated with an increase in the expression of neuronal genes downregulated by H2O2. Mechanistically, MT dramatically suppressed H2O2-induced Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, apoptotic factor caspase-3 activation, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (JNK, ERK, and p38), and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, thereby preventing H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that MT has protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells and can be used to prevent and protect against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishun Tian
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
| | - Suyoung Heo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
| | - Dae-Woon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - In-Shik Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (B.-Y.P.); Tel.: +82-63-270-4874 (B.-Y.P.)
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (W.T.); (S.H.); (I.-S.K.); (D.A.); (H.-J.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (B.-Y.P.); Tel.: +82-63-270-4874 (B.-Y.P.)
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Gao Q, Guo X, Cao Y, Jia X, Xu S, Lu C, Zhu H. Melatonin Protects HT22 Hippocampal Cells from H 2O 2-induced Injury by Increasing Beclin1 and Atg Protein Levels to Activate Autophagy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:446-454. [PMID: 32838711 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200824105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of hippocampal neurons leads to a substantial decline in memory formation, storage and processing. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin has been confirmed, however, its protective mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were used to investigate whether melatonin protects the hippocampus from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury by regulating autophagy. METHODS Rapamycin (an activator of autophagy) and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an inhibitor of autophagy) were used to induce or inhibit autophagy, respectively. HT22 cells were treated with 200 μM H2O2 in the presence or absence of 50 μM melatonin. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), β-galactosidase and Hoechst staining were used to measure the viability, aging and apoptosis of cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS The activation of autophagy by rapamycin alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by morphological changes and decreased viability, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3MA exacerbated H2O2- induced injury. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury was similar to that of rapamycin. Melatonin also alleviated H2O2-induced aging and apoptosis. Melatonin activated autophagy in the presence or absence of H2O2, as evidenced by an increased Lc3b 14/16 kd ratio and a decreased P62 level. In addition, H2O2 decreased the levels of Beclin1 and Atg5/12/16, which were reversed by rapamycin or melatonin. The effects of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury, autophagy and protein expressions were effectively reversed by 3MA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results demonstrate that melatonin protects HT22 hippocampal neurons from H2O2-induced injury by increasing the levels of the Beclin1 and Atg proteins to activate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yan J, Ma H, Lai X, Wu J, Liu A, Huang J, Sun W, Shen M, Zhang Y. Artemisinin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in MPP +-treated SH-SY5Y cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:6. [PMID: 33632304 PMCID: PMC7908802 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The oxidative stress is an important component of the pathogenesis of PD. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of ART on 1-methyl-4-phenyliodine iodide (MPP +)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and underlying mechanism. METHODS We used MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells to study the neuroprotective effect of ART. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after incubating the cells with MPP+ and/or ART for 24 h. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and WST-8 was used to detect the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The level of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected with 5,5΄-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed based on the reaction of MDA and thiobarbituric acid. A mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit (JC-1) was used to detect changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and the autophagy-related proteins LC3, beclin-1, and p62 were detected by Western blotting. In addition, to verify the change in autophagy, we used immunofluorescence to detect the expression of LC3 and p62. RESULTS No significant cytotoxicity was observed at ART concentrations up to 40 μM. ART could significantly increase the viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ and reduce oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. In addition, the Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that MPP+ treatment could increase the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and decrease the protein expression of p62, indicating that MPP+ treatment could induce autophagy. Simultaneous treatment with ART and MPP+ could decrease the protein expression of beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I and increase the protein expression of p62, indicating that ART could decrease the level of autophagy induced by MPP+. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ART has a protective effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells by the antioxidant, antiapoptotic activities and inhibition of autophagy. Our findings may provide new hope for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Yan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Wu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Jinghua Road 24, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Anran Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yude Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Luo M, Qiu Y, Idris NFB, Song A, Wang K, He G. Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Decreased Neuroplasticity-Associated Proteins and Excessive Neuronal Apoptosis in APP/PS1 Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:916-925. [PMID: 33327914 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201215124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the worst neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, with extracellular senile plaques (SP), subsequent intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and final neuron loss and synaptic dysfunction as the main pathological characteristics. Excessive apoptosis is the main cause of irreversible neuron loss. Thus, therapeutic intervention for these pathological features has been considered a promising strategy to treat or prevent AD. Dihydroartemisin (DHA) is a widely used first-line drug for malaria. Our previous study showed that DHA treatment significantly accelerated Aβ clearance, improved memory and cognitive deficits in vivo and restored autophagic flux both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The present study intended to explore the neuroprotective effect of DHA on neuron loss in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that DHA significantly reduced the swollen endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot analysis indicated that DHA upregulated the level of NeuN, NeuroD, MAP2, and synaptophysin and promoted neurite outgrowth. Meanwhile, DHA greatly corrected the abnormal levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and rescued the neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 area. Western blot analysis revealed that DHA notably down-regulated the protein expression of full length caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. In parallel, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased after oral DHA treatment. RESULTS Altogether, these results indicate that DHA protected AD mice from neuron loss via promoting the expression of BDNF and other neuroplasticity-associated proteins and suppressing the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pathology, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining City, Si Chuan Province, 629000, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Nur F B Idris
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aijia Song
- Laboratory of Medical Experiment Technology, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Jiang YY, Shui JC, Zhang BX, Chin JW, Yue RS. The Potential Roles of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585487. [PMID: 33381036 PMCID: PMC7768903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has become a global public health problem. Studies on T2DM prevention and treatment mostly focus on discovering therapeutic drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives were originally used as antimalarial treatments. In recent years, the roles of artemisinins in T2DM have attracted much attention. Artemisinin treatments not only attenuate insulin resistance and restore islet ß-cell function in T2DM but also have potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications, including diabetic kidney disease, cognitive impairment, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the therapeutic utility of artemisinin and its derivatives on T2DM, but no article has systematically demonstrated the specific role artemisinin plays in the treatment of T2DM. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects and mechanism of artemisinin and its derivatives in T2DM and associated complications, providing a reference for subsequent related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Shui
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Xun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Song Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Glutamate Attenuates the Survival Property of IGFR through NR2B Containing N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Cortical Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5173184. [PMID: 32849999 PMCID: PMC7441446 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5173184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is involved in various neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. We have previously reported that glutamate attenuated the survival signaling of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in cultured cortical neurons, which is viewed as a novel mechanism of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. However, the phosphorylation sites of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) affected by glutamate remain to be elucidated, and importantly, which subtype of NMDARs plays a major role in attenuating the prosurvival effect of IGF-1 is still unknown. In the present study, glutamate was found to attenuate the tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1R and the prosurvival effect of IGF-1 in primary cultured cortical neurons. NMDAR inhibitors, MK801 and AP-5, blocked the inhibitory effect of glutamate on the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and increased cell survival, while DNQX, LY341495, and CPCCOEt had no effect. Interestingly, we found that glutamate decreased the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues 1131, 1135/1136, 1250/1251, and 1316, while it had no effect on tyrosine 950 in cortical neurons. Moreover, using specific antagonists and siRNA to downregulate individual NMDAR subunits, we found that the activation of NR2B-containing NMDARs was essential for glutamate to inhibit IGF-1 signaling. These findings indicate that the glutamate-induced attenuation of IGF-1 signaling is mediated by NR2B-containing NMDARs. Our study also proposes a novel mechanism of altering neurotrophic factor signaling by the activation of NMDARs.
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Hei X, Xie M, Xu J, Li J, Liu T. β-Asarone Exerts Antioxidative Effects on H 2O 2-Stimulated PC12 Cells by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1953-1961. [PMID: 32623664 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuron damage is considered an important contributor to the pathogenesis and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Although β-asarone is widely known for its neuroprotective pharmacological properties, the exact mechanism of β-asarone against oxidative stress has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate underlying mechanisms of β-asarone against oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Our results demonstrated that the treatment of β-asarone significantly alleviated the reduction in cell viability and the excessive accumulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, β-asarone pretreatment also activated nuclear factor 2 erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which was involved in quenching reactive oxygen to inhibit oxidative stress. Furthermore, when silenced by Nrf2 siRNA, the protective effect of β-asarone was reduced and the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was enhanced. In conclusion, our findings revealed that β-asarone could reduce oxidative stress via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in PC12 cells, highlighting the potential therapeutic role of β-asarone in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine·College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Liyang City Hospital of TCM, Changzhou, China
| | - Miao Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingqian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine·College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine·College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine·College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Artemisinin protects motoneurons against axotomy-induced apoptosis through activation of the PKA-Akt signaling pathway and promotes neural stem/progenitor cells differentiation into NeuN + neurons. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105049. [PMID: 32598944 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brachial plexus axotomy is a common peripheral nerve trauma. Artemisinin, an FDA-approved antimalarial drug, has been described to possess neuroprotective properties. However, the specific mechanisms by which artemisinin protects neurons from axotomy-induced neurotoxicity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of artemisinin on an experimental animal model of brachial plexus injury and explored the possible mechanisms involved. Artemisinin treatment restored both athletic ability and sensation of the affected upper limb, rescued motoneurons and attenuated the inflammatory response in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Additionally, artemisinin inhibited the molecular signals of apoptosis, activated signaling pathways related to cell survival and induced NSCPs differentiation into NeuN-positive neurons. Further validation of the involved key signaling molecules, using an in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity, revealed that both the inhibition of PKA signaling pathway or the silencing of Akt reversed the neuroprotective action of artemisinin on motoneurons. Our results indicate that artemisinin provides neuroprotection against axotomy and hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity, an effect that might be mediated by the PKA-Akt signaling pathway.
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Lin X, Xuan D, Li F, Liu C, Fan P, Xiao F, Liang H, Yang S. DNA-AgNCs as a fluorescence turn-off probe for dual functional detection of H 2O 2 and Fe(II) ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117894. [PMID: 31865100 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence probe (DNA-AgNCs) was synthesized for dually detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous ion (Fe(II)) in water samples. The assay is carried out through a dramatic "turn-off" fluorescence response of AgNCs by hydroxyl radical (OH), which is produced when H2O2 and Fe(II) are present simultaneously. Under the optimal conditions, the degree of fluorescence quenching of the DNA-AgNCs at 525 nm is linearly related to the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0.3 to 450 pM, and Fe(II) in the range of 0.2 to 6.0 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) of H2O2 and Fe(II) are as low as 99 fM and 60 nM, respectively. Moreover, this method has the advantages of good specificity, high sensitivity, and can be successfully applied for detecting H2O2 and Fe(II) in the real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Jiading Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dongliang Xuan
- Jiading Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Feifei Li
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Liu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Xiao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hengyang for Health Hazard Factors Inspection and Quarantine, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Gao L, Zhou F, Wang KX, Zhou YZ, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein protects PC12 cells from Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 248:117471. [PMID: 32112868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of baicalein on Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. MAIN METHODS Thioflavin-T (Th-T) dye was used to determine the effects of baicalein on Aβ25-35 aggregation in vitro. PC12 cells were stimulated with Aβ25-35, then the effects of baicalein on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial respiratory complex I, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Moreover, LC-MS metabolomics approach was used to detect metabolic changes induced by baicalein in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 cells. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that baicalein could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ25-35 in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment with baicalein significantly prevented Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis, as manifested by increasing the levels of MMP, ATP and mitochondrial respiratory complex I, decreasing the contents of ROS and NO. LC-MS metabolomics revealed that baicalein can regulate 5 metabolites, mainly involving two metabolic pathways, arginine and proline metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that baicalein has a protective effect on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which may be related to inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Abstract
The prevalence of cognitive decline is increasing as the ageing population is considerably growing. Restricting this age-associated process has become a challenging public health issue. The age-related increase in oxidative stress plays a major role in cognitive decline, because of its harmful effect on functional plasticity of the brain, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we show that citrulline (Cit) has powerful antioxidant properties that can limit ex vivo oxidative stress-induced LTP impairment in the hippocampus. We also illustrate that a three-month Cit supplementation has a protective effect on LTP in aged rats in vivo. The identification of a Cit oxidation byproduct in vitro suggests that the antioxidant properties of Cit could result from its own oxidation. Cit supplementation may be a promising preventive nutritional approach to limit age-related cognitive decline.
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Chen Q, Ma H, Guo X, Liu J, Gui T, Gai Z. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Aggravates Amyloid-β-Triggered Apoptosis by Modulating the cAMP-Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)/Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Pathway In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9335-9345. [PMID: 31812977 PMCID: PMC6918812 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which results in cognitive deficits, usually occurs in older people and is mainly caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. The bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), has been extensively studied in cardiovascular diseases and digestive diseases. However, the role of FXR in AD is not yet understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of FXR function in AD. Material/Methods Lentivirus infection, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and western blotting were used to detect the gain or loss of FXR in cell apoptosis induced by Aβ. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the molecular partners involved in Aβ-induced apoptosis. Results We found that the mRNA and protein expression of FXR was enhanced in Aβ-triggered neuronal apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in mouse hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of FXR aggravated Aβ-triggered neuronal apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and this effect was further increased by treatment with the FXR agonist 6ECDCA. Molecular mechanism analysis by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting revealed that FXR interacted with the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), leading to decreased CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels. Low expression of FXR mostly reversed the Aβ-triggered neuronal apoptosis effect and prevented the reduction in CREB and BDNF. Conclusions These data suggest that FXR regulates Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis, which may be dependent on the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Chen
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongling Ma
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuewen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dongchangfu People's Hospital/Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Joint Pharmacology Center, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Van Hau T, Ruankham W, Suwanjang W, Songtawee N, Wongchitrat P, Pingaew R, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Phopin K. Repurposing of Nitroxoline Drug for the Prevention of Neurodegeneration. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2182-2191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Van Hau
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Eastern International University, Binh Duong 820000, Vietnam
| | - Waralee Ruankham
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194810. [PMID: 31569717 PMCID: PMC6801850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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