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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Chen Z, Encarnacion AM, Rajan RPS, Yao H, Lee S, Kim E, Lee TH. Discovery of a novel homoisoflavonoid derivative 5g for anti-osteoclastic bone loss via targeting FGFR1. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116335. [PMID: 38555854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Several flavonoids have been shown to exert anti-osteoporosis activity. However, the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of anti-osteoporosis activity of flavonoids remain unknown. In this study, we prepared a series of novel homoisoflavonoid (HIF) derivatives to evaluate their inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis using TRAP-activity in vitro assay. Then, the preliminary structure-activity relationship was studied. Among the evaluated novel flavonoids, derivative 5g exerted the most inhibitory bioactivity on primary osteoclast differentiation without interfering with osteogenesis. It was hence selected for further in vitro, in vivo and mechanism of action investigation. Results show that 5g likely directly binds to the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), decreasing the activation of ERK1/2 and IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways, which in turn blocks osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoclastic bone loss in vivo. Our study shows that homoisoflavonoid (HIF) derivatives 5g can serve as a potential novel candidate for treating osteoporosis via inhibition of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandra Marie Encarnacion
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hongyuan Yao
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Host-directed Antiviral Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jayakumar R, Dash MK, Kumar P, Sharma S, Gulati S, Pandey A, Cholke K, Fatima Z, Trigun SK, Joshi N. Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100823. [PMID: 38160612 PMCID: PMC10792653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diverse specificity mode of cancer treatment targets and chemo resistance demands the necessity of drug entities which can address the devastating dynamicity of the disease. OBJECTIVES To check the anti-tumour potential of traditional medicine rich in polyherbal components and metal nanoparticle namely Arkeshwara rasa (AR). MATERIAL METHODS The AR was prepared in a modified version with reference from Rasaratna Samuchaya and characterized using sophisticated instrumental analysis including XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, TGA-DSC, and LC-MS and tested against the MDA-MB-231 cell line to screen cell viability and the cytotoxicity with MTT, SRB and the AO assay. RESULTS XRD pattern shows cubic tetrahedrite structure with Sb, Cu, S peaks and trace elements like Fe, Mg, etc. The particle size of AR ranges between 20 and 30 nm. The TGA points thermal decomposition at 210 °C and the metal sulphide peaks in DSC. LC-MS analysis reveals the components of the formulation more on the flavonoid portion. The IC50 value of MTT and SRB are 25.28 μg/mL and 31.7 μg/mL respectively. The AO colorimeter substantiated the cell viability and the apoptosis figures of the same cell line. The AR exhibits cytotoxicity and reaffirms the apoptosis fraction with SRB assay. CONCLUSIONS The Hesperidine, Neohesperidin, Rutin components in the phytochemical pool can synergize the anti-tumour potential with either influencing cellular pathways or decreasing chemo resistance to conventional treatment. AR need to be further experimented with reverse transcription, flow cytometry, western blotting, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Jayakumar
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Dash
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Government Ayurveda College, Raipur, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shiwakshi Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumya Gulati
- Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana, Babu Yugraj Singh Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Gomtinagar Extension, Sector 6 Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kaushavi Cholke
- Amity Lipidomics Research Facility (ALRF), Amity University, Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, 122413, India; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, 122413, India
| | - S K Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Namrata Joshi
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Terasawa M, Zang L, Hiramoto K, Shimada Y, Mitsunaka M, Uchida R, Nishiura K, Matsuda K, Nishimura N, Suzuki K. Oral Administration of Rhamnan Sulfate from Monostroma nitidum Suppresses Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2023; 12:2666. [PMID: 37998401 PMCID: PMC10670814 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of rhamnan sulfate (RS), derived from the seaweed Monostroma nitidum, markedly suppresses inflammatory damage in the vascular endothelium and organs of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. This study aimed to analyze whether orally administered RS inhibits the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammation of the arteries. ApoE-deficient female mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without RS for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemical and mRNA analyses of atherosclerosis-related genes were performed. The effect of RS on the migration of RAW264.7 cells was also examined in vitro. RS administration suppressed the increase in blood total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In the aorta of HFD-fed mice, RS reduced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, macrophage accumulation, and elevation of VCAM-1 and inhibited the reduction of Robo4. Increased mRNA levels of Vcam1, Mmp9, and Srebp1 in atherosclerotic areas of HFD-fed mice were also suppressed with RS. Moreover, RS directly inhibited the migration of RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Thus, in HFD-fed ApoE-deficient mice, oral administration of RS ameliorated abnormal lipid metabolism and reduced vascular endothelial inflammation and hyperpermeability, macrophage infiltration and accumulation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the arteries leading to atherosclerosis. These results suggest that RS is an effective functional food for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terasawa
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kitagomizuka, Kusu-cho, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Japan; (M.T.); (R.U.); (K.N.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (L.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mari Mitsunaka
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kitagomizuka, Kusu-cho, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Japan; (M.T.); (R.U.); (K.N.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
| | - Kaoru Nishiura
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kitagomizuka, Kusu-cho, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Japan; (M.T.); (R.U.); (K.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kitagomizuka, Kusu-cho, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Japan; (M.T.); (R.U.); (K.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (L.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
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Bathina S, Armamento-Villareal R. The complex pathophysiology of bone fragility in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: therapeutic targets to promote osteogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168687. [PMID: 37576965 PMCID: PMC10422976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures associated with Type2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns in an increasingly obese and aging population. Patients with obesity or T2DM have normal or better than normal bone mineral density but at an increased risk for fractures. Hence it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology and mechanism of how T2DM and obesity result in altered bone physiology leading to increased fracture risk. Although enhanced osteoclast mediated bone resorption has been reported for these patients, the most notable observation among patients with T2DM is the reduction in bone formation from mostly dysfunction in osteoblast differentiation and survival. Studies have shown that obesity and T2DM are associated with increased adipogenesis which is most likely at the expense of reduced osteogenesis and myogenesis considering that adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts originate from the same progenitor cells. Furthermore, emerging data point to an inter-relationship between bone and metabolic homeostasis suggesting that these physiologic processes could be under the control of common regulatory pathways. Thus, this review aims to explore the complex mechanisms involved in lineage differentiation and their effect on bone pathophysiology in patients with obesity and T2DM along with an examination of potential novel pharmacological targets or a re-evaluation of existing drugs to improve bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siresha Bathina
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Lu X, Li W, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S. Progress on the Extraction, Separation, Biological Activity, and Delivery of Natural Plant Pigments. Molecules 2023; 28:5364. [PMID: 37513236 PMCID: PMC10385551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural plant pigments are safe and have low toxicity, with various nutrients and biological activities. However, the extraction, preservation, and application of pigments are limited due to the instability of natural pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the extraction and application processes of natural plant pigments in detail. This review discusses the classification, extraction methods, biological activities, and modification methods that could improve the stability of various pigments from plants, providing a reference for applying natural plant pigments in the industry and the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Lu
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
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Bioactivity, Molecular Mechanism, and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoids for Bone Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040919. [PMID: 36839278 PMCID: PMC9960663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disabilities are a prominent burden on the present population with an increasing life span. Advances in osteopathy have provided various medical support for bone-related diseases, including pharmacological and prosthesis interventions. However, therapeutics and post-surgery complications are often reported due to side effects associated with modern-day therapies. Thus, therapies utilizing natural means with fewer toxic or other side effects are the key to acceptable interventions. Flavonoids constitute a class of bioactive compounds found in dietary supplements, and their pharmacological attributes have been well appreciated. Recently, flavonoids' role is gaining renowned interest for its effect on bone remodeling. A wide range of flavonoids has been found to play a pivotal role in the major bone signaling pathways, such as wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), etc. However, the reduced bioavailability and the absorption of flavonoids are the major limitations inhibiting their use against bone-related complications. Recent utilization of nanotechnological approaches and other delivery methods (biomaterial scaffolds, micelles) to target and control release can enhance the absorption and bioavailability of flavonoids. Thus, we have tried to recapitulate the understanding of the role of flavonoids in regulating signaling mechanisms affecting bone remodeling and various delivery methods utilized to enhance their therapeutical potential in treating bone loss.
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Al-Rooqi MM, Mughal EU, Raja QA, Hussein EM, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Asghar BH, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Flavonoids and related privileged scaffolds as potential urease inhibitors: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3210-3233. [PMID: 36756398 PMCID: PMC9869662 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are a significant issue on a global scale, and imperative action is required to discover novel or improved therapeutic agents. Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived compounds that have a variety of potentially useful bioactivities. These activities include immediate antimicrobial properties, synergistic effect with antimicrobials, ferocious repression of pathogenicity, anti-urease activity etc. This review summarizes current studies concerning anti-urease actions of flavonoids as well as structural-activity correlation investigations of the flavonoid core structure. It is possible that if researchers investigate the many structural changes that may be made in flavonoid rings, they'll be able to build up novel compounds that have powerful and effective anti-urease properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Basim H Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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Vlčko T, Rathod NB, Kulawik P, Ozogul Y, Ozogul F. The impact of aromatic plant-derived bioactive compounds on seafood quality and safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:275-339. [PMID: 36064295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have been extensively studied and used within food industry for the last few decades. Those compounds have been used to extend the shelf-life and improve physico-chemical and sensory properties on food products. They have also been used as nutraceuticals due to broad range of potential health-promoting properties. Unlike the synthetic additives, the natural plant-derived compounds are more acceptable and often regarded as safer by the consumers. This chapter summarizes the extraction methods and sources of those plant-derived bioactives as well as recent findings in relation to their health-promoting properties, including cardio-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immuno-modulatory and neuro-protective properties. In addition, the impact of applying those plant-derived compounds on seafood products is also investigated by reviewing the recent studies on their use as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, coloring and flavoring agents as well as freshness indicators. Moreover, the current limitations of the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds as well as future prospects are discussed. The discoveries show high potential of those compounds and the possibility to apply on many different seafood. The compounds can be applied as individual while more and more studies are showing synergetic effect when those compounds are used in combination providing new important research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vlčko
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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do Nascimento-Silva NRR, Bastos RP, da Silva FA. Jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels)):A review on its nutrients, bioactive compounds and health benefits. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Ramesh P, Jagadeesan R, Sekaran S, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779638. [PMID: 34887836 PMCID: PMC8649804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These have a significant impact on a plethora of bone diseases. The homeostasis between osteoblast and osteoclast formation decides the integrity and structure of the bone. The flavonoids discussed here are quercetin, kaempferol, icariin, myricetin, naringin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, hesperidin, apigenin and several other flavonoids. The effects these flavonoids have on the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD (BMP2/SMAD) signalling pathways, and apoptotic pathways lead to impacts on bone remodelling. In addition, these polyphenols regulate angiogenesis, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and play a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considering these important effects of flavonoids, they may be regarded as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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12
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Mao W, Huang G, Chen H, Xu L, Qin S, Li A. Research Progress of the Role of Anthocyanins on Bone Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773660. [PMID: 34776985 PMCID: PMC8585783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration in osteoporosis and fragility fractures which are highly associated with age remains a great challenge in the orthopedic field, even though the bone is subjected to a continuous process of remodeling which persists throughout lifelong. Regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation is recognized as effective therapeutic targets to accelerate bone regeneration in osteopenic conditions. Anthocyanins (ACNs), a class of naturally occurring compounds obtained from colored plants, have received increasing attention recently because of their well-documented biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis in chronic diseases, like osteoporosis. Here, we summarized the detailed research progress on ACNs on bone regeneration and their molecular mechanisms on promoting osteoblast differentiation as well as inhibiting osteoclast formation and differentiation to explore their promising therapeutic application in repressing bone loss and helping fragility fracture healing. Better understanding the role and mechanisms of ACNs on bone regeneration is helpful for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis and also for the exploration of new bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Shi L, Bai H, Li Y, Yuan J, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni A, Jiang L, Ge P, Bian S, Zong Y, Isa AM, Tesfay HH, Yang F, Ma H, Sun Y, Chen J. Analysis of DNA Methylation Profiles in Mandibular Condyle of Chicks With Crossed Beaks Using Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:680115. [PMID: 34306022 PMCID: PMC8298039 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossed beaks have been observed in at least 12 chicken strains around the world, which severely impairs their growth and welfare. To explore the intrinsic factor causing crossed beaks, this study measured the length of bilateral mandibular ramus of affected birds, and investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of normal and affected sides of mandibular condyle. Results showed that the trait was caused by impaired development of unilateral mandibular ramus, which is extended through calcification of mandibular condyle. The methylation levels in the CG contexts were higher than that of CHG and CHH, with the highest methylation level of gene body region, followed by transcription termination sites and downstream. Subsequently, we identified 1,568 differentially methylated regions and 1,317 differentially methylated genes in CG contexts. Functional annotation analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that these genes were involved in bone mineralization and bone morphogenesis. Furthermore, by combining the WGBS and previous RNA-Seq data, 11 overlapped genes were regulated by both long non-coding RNA and DNA methylation. Among them, FIGNL1 is an important gene in calcification of mandibular condyle. Generally, because the affected genes play key roles in maintaining mandibular calcification, these changes may be pivotal factors of crossed beaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiong Bian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adamu Mani Isa
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailai Hagos Tesfay
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujian Yang
- Guangxi Shenhuang Group Co., Ltd., Yulin, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Using untargeted metabolomics to profile the changes in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) anthocyanins during wine fermentation. Food Chem 2021; 364:130425. [PMID: 34242878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an UHPLC-QE-MS approach in combination with multivariate statistical analyses was used to investigate the metabolic profiles, especially the anthocyanin profiles, during the fermentation of roselle wine. Overall, a large number of different metabolites (e.g., phenols, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, and others) were identified in the fermentation processes. Eight anthocyanin metabolites were identified in roselle wine for the first time, of which six were identified in the main fermentation process and two in the post-fermentation process. In addition, we identified several metabolic pathways during the fermentation process, and the metabolic pathways of anthocyanins in roselle wine are mainly related to flavonoid biosynthesis and to anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings are expected to be useful for further studies on wine chemistry and yeast metabolism.
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15
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Zhou Y, Long S, Xu Q, Yan C, Yang J, Zhou Y. Optimization and application of HPLC for simultaneous separation of six well-known major anthocyanins in blueberry. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:961-970. [PMID: 33626297 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1881906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have attracted great attention because of their potential therapeutic benefit. However, the effective technique for simultaneous separation and preparation multiple anthocyanin monomers with high purity and high yield is still deficient. In this study, the chromatographic conditions of HPLC were optimized to investigate six well-known major anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside) in blueberry. The separation conditions were optimized in analytical HPLC and further applied in semi-preparative HPLC to prepare anthocyanin monomers. The results showed that six well-known major anthocyanins were well separated under the condition of using acetonitrile-water (contained 0.3% phosphoric acid) as a mobile phase with gradient elution at a detection wavelength of 520 nm. The method showed good linear correlations between the concentrations and peak areas of the six components with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9994, and the detection limits of the six anthocyanins were 0.010-0.035 μg/mL, and the quantification limits were 0.033-0.117 μg/mL, which was suitable for the determination of anthocyanins in products. In the same experimental conditions, six well-known major anthocyanins were simultaneously prepared by semi-preparative HPLC with high purity to 99% and high yield to 22.5%. This study provides a practical and valuable method for simultaneous determination and preparation of six well-known major anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Zhou
- Guizhou Academy of Analysis and Testing, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
| | - Shangjun Long
- Guizhou Academy of Analysis and Testing, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
| | - Changrui Yan
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
| | - Yousong Zhou
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang City, P. R. China
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16
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Zhu S, Aspera-Werz RH, Chen T, Weng W, Braun B, Histing T, Nüssler AK. Maqui berry extract prevents cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in human osteoblasts in vitro. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:281-296. [PMID: 33628164 PMCID: PMC7898044 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress which can be induced by cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with an altered osteoblast differentiation, and an inhibition of the mineralization process. Therefore, treatments focusing on reducing oxidative stress in osteoblasts could be a potential therapy supporting bone formation. Maqui berry extract (MBE) is the richest natural source of delphinidins with high antioxidant activity. In the present study, we pre-/ co-/ post-incubated MBE in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-affected human osteoblasts (hOBs), to investigate the effects of MBE as an antioxidant on hOBs. Our results clearly showed that high concentrations of MBE are toxic for hOBs, while physiological concentrations of MBE have no negative effects in vitro. Physiological concentrations of MBE can reduce oxidative stress caused by CSE in hOBs by activating the antioxidative regulator Nrf2 and its regulated antioxidative enzymes. Moreover, the physiological concentration of MBE prevents the detrimental effects of CSE-induced oxidative damage on hOBs by increasing cell viability, differentiation capability and matrix mineralization. Pre-incubation with MBE showed a positive effect on the activation of the cellular antioxidant system in hOBs. Thus, we conclude that MBE at physiological concentrations can effectively protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced damage by activating the cells' antioxidative defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhu
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina H Aspera-Werz
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weidong Weng
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Braun
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Bellavia D, Dimarco E, Costa V, Carina V, De Luca A, Raimondi L, Fini M, Gentile C, Caradonna F, Giavaresi G. Flavonoids in Bone Erosive Diseases: Perspectives in Osteoporosis Treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:76-94. [PMID: 33288387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of bone homeostasis, with excessive bone resorption compared with bone formation, leads to the development of progressive osteopenia leading to lower bone resistance to load, with consequent pain and functional limitations. Phytochemicals with therapeutic and preventive effects against bone resorption have recently received increasing attention since they are potentially more suitable for long-term use than traditional therapeutic chemical compounds. In this systematic review of the literature of the past 5 years, comprehensive information is provided on flavonoids with potential antiresorption and pro-osteogenic effects. It aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms of these molecules, often epigenetic, and their possible pharmacological use, which is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eufrosina Dimarco
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Hair R, Sakaki JR, Chun OK. Anthocyanins, Microbiome and Health Benefits in Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:537. [PMID: 33494165 PMCID: PMC7864342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The percentage of individuals over the age of 60 is projected to reach 22% by 2050; chronic diseases associated with aging can present challenges for these individuals. Anthocyanins and the gut microbiome have each been studied as independent influencers of health. Both these factors have shown to have a positive effect on cardiovascular and bone health in individuals, as well as on the prevention or treatment of certain forms of cancers. Anthocyanins have shown to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome and may have overlapping mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and aging-associated bone loss. These health outcomes are responsible for the hospitalization and deaths of millions of Americans every year and they cost the United States billions of dollars each year to maintain, prevent and treat. Alternative methods of treatment and prevention are desired since conventional methods (surgical and pharmacological methods, physical therapy, etc.) can be costly and have significant side effects; evidence suggests that anthocyanins and the gut microbiome may be potential avenues for this. This review evaluates the findings of existing literature on the role of anthocyanins and the gut microbiome on health and their potential as a natural therapeutic agent or a target organ to provide an alternative to the conventional methods of disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.H.); (J.R.S.)
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19
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Bai L, Zhao Y, Chen P, Zhang X, Huang X, Du Z, Crawford R, Yao X, Tang B, Hang R, Xiao Y. Targeting Early Healing Phase with Titania Nanotube Arrays on Tunable Diameters to Accelerate Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006287. [PMID: 33377275 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation and inflammation are the earliest biological responses to implant surfaces. Implant nano-surfaces can significantly impact the osseointegration through the influence on the early phase of bone regeneration. However, the interplay between blood clot property and inflammatory reaction on nanosurfaces is rarely understood. Herein, titania nanotube arrays (TNAs) with different diameters are fabricated on titanium. In vitro evaluation with the whole blood indicates that TNA with a diameter of 15 nm (TNA 15) enables noteworthy platelet activation resulting in distinct clot features compared with that of pure Ti and TNA with a diameter of 120 nm (TNA 120). Further co-culture with macrophages on the clot or in the clot-conditioned medium shows that the clot on TNA 15 downregulates the inflammation and manipulates a favorable osteoimmunomodulatory environment for osteogenesis. In vivo studies further demonstrate that TNA 15 could downregulate the inflammation-related genes while upregulating growth metabolism-related genes in an early healing hematoma. Additionally, TNA 15 promotes de novo bone formation with improved extending of osteocyte dendrites, demonstrating the desired osseointegration. These findings indicate that surface nano-dimensions can significantly influence clot formation and appropriate clot features can manipulate a favorable osteoimmunomodulatory environment for bone regeneration and osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Ya Zhao
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Zhibin Du
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Ruiqiang Hang
- Laboratory of Biomaterial Surfaces & Interfaces, Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 10112, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
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20
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Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207623. [PMID: 33076329 PMCID: PMC7589419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease. It has been estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States and 200 million men and women worldwide have osteoporosis. Given that the aging population is rapidly increasing in many countries, osteoporosis could become a global challenge with an impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. Osteoporosis can be defined as a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures due to the deterioration of the bone architecture. Thus, the major goal of treatment is to reduce the risk for fractures. There are several treatment options, mostly medications that can control disease progression in risk groups, such as postmenopausal women and elderly men. Recent studies on the basic molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of osteoporosis have identified novel therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for osteoporosis management in the future. Here, we review the etiology of osteoporosis and the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling, present current pharmacological options, and discuss emerging therapies targeting novel mechanisms, investigational treatments, and new promising therapeutic approaches.
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21
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Simatou A, Sarantis P, Koustas E, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. The Role of the RANKL/RANK Axis in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Anti-RANKL. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207570. [PMID: 33066388 PMCID: PMC7590202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and the RANK ligand (RANKL) were reported in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation/activation and bone homeostasis. Additionally, the RANKL/RANK axis is a significant mediator of progesterone-driven mammary epithelial cell proliferation, potentially contributing to breast cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, several studies supported the synergistic effect of RANK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and described RANK's involvement in epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2)-positive carcinogenesis. Consequently, anti-RANKL treatment has been proposed as a new approach to preventing and treating breast cancer and metastases. Recently, RANKL/RANK signaling pathway inhibition has been shown to modulate the immune environment and enhance the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies against solid tumors. Clinical and experimental trials have emerged evaluating RANKL inhibition as an enhancer of the immune response, rendering resistant tumors responsive to immune therapies. Trials evaluating the combinatorial effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-RANKL treatment in double-positive (RANK+/ERBB2+) patients are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Correspondence: (A.G.P.); (M.V.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2508 (ext. 9) (M.V.K.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (M.V.K.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Correspondence: (A.G.P.); (M.V.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2508 (ext. 9) (M.V.K.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (M.V.K.)
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22
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Tang CH. Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030714. [PMID: 31979046 PMCID: PMC7038341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder, occurring as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, with bone breakdown exceeding bone building. Bone resorption inhibitors, e.g., bisphosphonates, have been designed to treat osteoporosis, while anabolic agents such as teriparatide stimulate bone formation and correct the characteristic changes in the trabecular microarchitecture. However, all of these drugs are associated with significant side effects. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and seek novel modes of therapy. This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of the fifteen articles published in the Special Issue, Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2019, as part of the global picture of the current understanding of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-22052121 (ext. 7726); Fax: +886-4-22333641
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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23
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Chen Z, Cho E, Lee J, Lee S, Lee TH. Inhibitory Effects of N-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl) phenyl]-2-(2-chlorophenoxy) acetamide on Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro via the Downregulation of TRAF6. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205196. [PMID: 31635168 PMCID: PMC6829416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are poly-nuclear cells that resorb mineral components from old or damaged bone tissue. Primary mononuclear cells are activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and differentiate into large multinucleated cells. Dysregulation of osteoclast differentiation can lead to pathological bone loss and destruction. Many studies have focused on the development of new molecules to regulate RANKL-mediated signaling. In this study, N-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(2-chlorophenoxy) acetamide (PPOA-N-Ac-2-Cl) led to a significant decrease in the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing significant cytotoxicity. PPOA-N-Ac-2-Cl affected the expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes, such as TRAF6, c-fos, DC-STAMP, NFATc1, MMP9, CtsK, and TRAP (Acp5), during RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, PPOA-N-Ac-2-Cl significantly attenuated the protein levels of CtsK, a critical protease involved in bone resorption. Accordingly, bone resorption activity and F-actin ring formation decreased in the presence of PPOA-N-Ac-2-Cl. In conclusion, this study shows that PPOA-N-Ac-2-Cl acts as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and may serve as a potential candidate agent for the treatment of osteoclast-related bone diseases by virtue of attenuating bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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